scholarly journals Implications of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as a Treatment Modality for Tinnitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 5422
Author(s):  
Alexa J. Denton ◽  
Ariel Finberg ◽  
Peter E. Ashman ◽  
Nathalie B. Bencie ◽  
Tricia Scaglione ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Standardized Protocol ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Baseline Evaluation ◽  
Tinnitus Treatment

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive, neuromodulating technique for brain hyperexcitability disorders. The objective of this paper is to discuss the mechanism of action of rTMS as well as to investigate the literature involving the application of rTMS in the treatment of tinnitus. The reviewed aspects of the protocols included baseline evaluation, the total number of sessions, frequency and the total number of stimuli, the location of treatment, and the outcome measures. Even with heterogeneous protocols, most studies utilized validated tinnitus questionnaires as baseline and outcome measures. Low frequency (1 Hz) stimulation throughout 10 consecutive sessions was the most widely used frequency and treatment duration; however, there was no consensus on the total number of stimuli necessary to achieve significant results. The auditory cortex (AC) was the most targeted location, with most studies supporting changes in neural activity with multi-site stimulation to areas in the frontal cortex (FC), particularly the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). The overall efficacy across most of the reviewed trials reveals positive statistically significant results. Though rTMS has proven to impact neuroplasticity at the microscopic and clinical level, further studies are warranted to demonstrate and support the clinical use of rTMS in tinnitus treatment with a standardized protocol.

scholarly journals Modulating Visuomotor Sequence Learning by Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: What Do We Know So Far?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Szucs-Bencze ◽  
Teodora Vekony ◽  
Orsolya Pesthy ◽  
Nikoletta Szabo ◽  
Zsigmond Tamas Kincses ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Sequence Learning ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal

Sequence learning and statistical learning are key components of predictive processes and many cognitive, motor, and social skills. The Serial Reaction Time Task (SRTT) can measure this fundamental cognitive process in the visuomotor domain. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an increasingly used non-invasive brain stimulation method that can help us to determine the functional role of a given brain region. In this literature review, we systematically analyzed the eligible records (n = 17) that sought to modulate the performance on the SRTT with rTMS. The purpose of the analysis was to determine the effects of the following factors on SRTT performance: (1) stimulated brain areas, (2) rTMS protocols, (3) stimulated hemisphere, (4) timing of the stimulation, (5) SRTT sequence properties, and (6) other methodological features. We found that the two most promising target areas are the primary motor cortex (M1) and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Low-frequency protocols over the M1 usually weakened performance, but the results are less consistent for the DLPFC. Our analysis of these six factors could help design future studies to modulate sequence learning by non-invasive brain stimulation.

Clinical effectiveness of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment in children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders: A systematic review

Autism ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1614-1629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumi Masuda ◽  
Shinichiro Nakajima ◽  
Takahiro Miyazaki ◽  
Ryosuke Tarumi ◽  
Kamiyu Ogyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal

Neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder, are common in children and adolescents, but treatment strategies remain limited. Although repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation has been studied for neurodevelopmental disorders, there is no clear consensus on its therapeutic effects. This systematic review examined literature on repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders published up to 2018 using the PubMed database. The search identified 264 articles and 14 articles met eligibility criteria. Twelve of these studies used conventional repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and two studies used theta burst stimulation. No severe adverse effects were reported in these studies. In patients with autism spectrum disorder, low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and intermittent theta burst stimulation applied to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex may have therapeutic effects on social functioning and repetitive behaviors. In patients with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation applied to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation applied to the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex may target inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. In patients with tic disorders, low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation applied to the bilateral supplementary motor area improved tic symptom severity. This systematic review suggests that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation may be a promising intervention for children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders. The results warrant further large randomized controlled trials of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in children with neurodevelopmental disorders.

scholarly journals Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Target Location Methods for Depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Zhang ◽  
Runhua Wang ◽  
Xin Luo ◽  
Si Zhang ◽  
Xiaomei Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Target Location ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Location Methods

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a substantial global public health problem in need of novel and effective treatment strategies. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive and promising treatment for depression that has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). However, the methodological weaknesses of existing work impairs the universal clinical use of rTMS. The variation of stimulated targets across the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex may account for most of the heterogeneity in the efficacy of rTMS. Many rTMS target location methods for MDD have been developed in recent decades. This review was conducted to assess this emerging field and to improve treatment outcomes in clinical practice.

Levodopa does not enhance the effect of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in tinnitus treatment

2009 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Kleinjung ◽  
Thomas Steffens ◽  
Michael Landgrebe ◽  
Veronika Vielsmeier ◽  
Elmar Frank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Tinnitus Treatment
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