scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Computer-Assisted Cognitive Rehabilitation and the Degree of Recovery in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury and Stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 5728
Author(s):  
Hyunwoo Jung ◽  
Jae-Gyeong Jeong ◽  
Youn-Soo Cheong ◽  
Tae-Woo Nam ◽  
Ju-Hyun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Visual Learning ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Visual Span ◽  
Stroke Group ◽  
Sorting Test

Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation and compare the patterns of cognitive function recovery occurring in both traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke. Methods: A total of 62 patients were finally enrolled, consisting of 30 with TBI and 32 with stroke. The patients received 30 sessions of computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation (Comcog) five times per week. Each session lasted for 30 min. Before and immediately after cognitive rehabilitation, all patients were evaluated by computerized neuropsychological test (CNT), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and modified Barthel index (MBI). Results: We analyzed the differences between pre- and post-cognitive rehabilitation in each TBI and stroke group. Significant differences were observed in MMSE, MBI, and some CNT contents, including digit span forward, verbal learning, verbal learning delayed recall, visual span forward, visual span backward, visual learning, trail making test A and B, and intelligence quotient (IQ) in the TBI group (p < 0.05). In the stroke group, in addition to significant differences that appeared in the TBI group, additional significant differences in the digit span backward, visual learning delayed recall, auditory continuous performance test (CPT), visual CPT, and card sorting test. We compared the difference values at pre- and post-cognitive rehabilitation for cognitive recovery between the TBI and stroke groups. All contents, except the digital span forward, visual learning, word-color test, and MMSE, had greater mean values in the stroke group; and thus, statistically significant higher values were observed in the visual span forward and card sorting test (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Most evaluation results showed improvement and the evaluation between the TBI and stroke groups also showed significant differences in cognitive functions in addition to more CNT contents, which significantly change in the stroke group. The stroke group showed a high difference value in most CNT contents. Therefore, those with stroke in the focal brain region tend to have better cognitive function recovery after a computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation than those with TBI, which could cause diffuse brain damage and post-injury inflammation.

Do patients with better neuro-cognition have better theory of mind?

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S140-S140
Author(s):  
J. Mrizak ◽  
A. Arous ◽  
R. Trabelsi ◽  
A. Aissa ◽  
H. Ben Ammar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
St Number ◽  
Learning Test ◽  
Sorting Test

IntroductionTheory of mind (ToM) has repeatedly been shown to be compromised in many patients with schizophrenia (SCZ). By contrast, the association between ToM deficits and neuro-cognitive functioning (NF) remains uncertain.ObjectivesTo investigate the association between ToM functioning and neuro-cognitive functioning in SCZ.MethodsFifty-eight outpatients with stable SCZ completed the intention-inferencing task (IIT), in which the ability to infer a character's intentions from 28 short comic strip stories is assessed. They also completed a neuro-cognitive battery comprising the following tests: the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test–Revised (HVLT-R), the Letter Digit Substitution Test (LDST), the Stroop Test (ST), the “Double Barrage” of Zazzo (DBZ), the Modified Card Sorting Test (MCST), Verbal Fluency (VF), the Trail Making Test-Part A (TMT-A) and the Digit Span (DS).ResultsThe performance in the IIT significantly correlated with performance in some neuro-cognitive tests including efficiency in DBZ, number of uncorrected mistakes in ST, number of correct categories in MCST and the time needed to succeed the TMT-A. No correlations were found between performance in the ITT and in memory tasks (HVLT-R and DS).ConclusionsToM may rely on some neuro-cognitive functions (mainly attention and executive functioning). Elucidating the exact relationship between ToM and NF may be useful as both are targeted in specific psychotherapeutic interventions.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Dynamic Assessment of Cognitive Rehabilitation Potential in Schizophrenic Persons and in Elderly Persons With and Without Dementia

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl H. Wiedl ◽  
Henning Schöttke ◽  
M. Dolores Calero Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Clinical Training ◽  
Dynamic Assessment ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Static Test ◽  
Rehabilitation Potential

Summary: Dynamic assessment is a diagnostic approach in which specific interventions are integrated into assessment procedures to estimate cognitive modifiability. The study investigates the utility of this approach in persons with compelling rehabilitational needs. Samples of schizophrenic patients and of elderly with and without dementia were assessed with dynamic versions of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and the Auditory Verbal Learning Test. Both tests were administered by applying specific procedures of verbal mediation designed to increase performance. Results demonstrated superior predictive validity with regard to proficiency in a clinical training in schizophrenic subjects and better discrimination of nondemented and demented elderly with the help of dynamic measures compared to static test scores. Subsequent correlational analyses indicated that, for both tests, performance change following intervention is related to the processing of verbal context information. Results are discussed with respect to the concept of verbal working memory as one component of the patients' rehabilitation potential.

Agomelatine vs fluoxetine: Efficacy and improvement of cognitive functions in patients with MDD

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S405-S405
Author(s):  
E. Aydın ◽  
M. Güleç ◽  
E. Oral ◽  
A.G. Daloğlu
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Word Association ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Neurocognitive Functions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionIn major depressive disorder (MDD) neurocognitive functions are impaired. In addition to melatonergic properties of agomelatine, via 5-HT2C antagonism it increases extracellular noradrenaline and dopamine in frontal cortex and may improve the neurocognitive functions of patients with MDD.Aims and objectivesTo investigate the extent of neurocognitive improvement and efficacy of agomelatine and fluoxetine in patients with MDD.Material and methodAgomelatine 25 mg/day (n: 24) and fluoxetine 20 mg/day (n: 24) were administered to drug-naive unipolar, non-psychotic, non-suicidal MDD patients according to DSM-IV. Evaluations were performed just before the treatment and at the sixth week of treatment via administering Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT), Digit Span Test (DST), Trail Making Test (TMT-A/B), Stroop Test and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test.ResultsBoth agomelatine and fluoxetine was found to be efficacious for the treatment of MDD (P < 0.05 for both). Further there was no difference between the antidepressant efficacy of two drugs. Both of the drugs improved measured neurocognitive functions (P < 0.05), except scores of DST (P > 0.05) and only fluoxetine improved significantly scores of COWAT (P < 0.05). Only in terms of TMT-B there was significant difference between groups and agomelatine was superior to fluoxetine (P < 0.05).ConclusionAgomelatine and fluoxetine were efficacious in treatment of MDD. Furthermore both of the drugs improved cognitive functions in patients with MDD. Superiority of agomelatine in improvement of executive functioning (TMT-B) is important and therefore it could be an appropriate choice for MDD patients who have pronounced executive disturbances.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Is empathy correlated to patients’ level of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia?

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S141-S141
Author(s):  
R. Trabelsi ◽  
A. Arous ◽  
J. Mrizak ◽  
H. Ben Ammar ◽  
A. Khalifa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digit Span ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Cognitive Empathy ◽  
Neurocognitive Functioning ◽  
Affective Empathy ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Affective Components ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Learning Test

IntroductionEmpathy, which refers to the ability to understand and share the thoughts and feelings of others, may be compromised in schizophrenia (SCZ). Yet the relationship between empathy and neurocognitive functioning remains unclear.ObjectivesTo explore whether cognitive and affective empathy are associated with the neurocognitive functioning in SCZ.MethodsFifty-eight outpatients with stable SCZ completed the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (QCAE) comprising five subscales intended to assess cognitive and affective components of empathy. They also completed a neurocognitive battery comprising the following tests: the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test–Revised (HVLT-R), the Letter Digit Substitution Test (LDST), the Stroop Test (ST), the “Double Barrage” of Zazzo (DBZ), the Modified Card Sorting Test (MCST), Verbal Fluency (VF), the Trail Making Test-Part A (TMT-A) and the Digit Span (DS).ResultsBetter affective and cognitive empathy correlated with better performance in the ST (less hesitations and less errors). Patients with better cognitive empathy performed better in the MCST (more categories achieved; P = 0.029) and in the LDST (more substitutions per minute; P = 0.031).ConclusionsOur results bolster support for the presence of an association between NF and the decreased cognitive and affective empathy in schizophrenia.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Assessment of executive functions in obese individuals with binge eating disorder

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duchesne Monica ◽  
Mattos Paulo ◽  
José Carlos Appolinário ◽  
Silvia Regina de Freitas ◽  
Gabriel Coutinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Binge Eating Disorder ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Program Test ◽  
Sorting Test

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess executive functions of obese individuals with binge eating disorder. METHOD: Thirty-eight obese individuals with binge eating disorder were compared to thirty-eight obese controls without binge eating disorder in terms of their executive functions. All individuals were assessed using the following instruments: Digit Span, Trail Making Tests A and B, Stroop Test and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. In addition, four subtests from the Behavioral Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome Battery were also used, namely the Zoo Map Test, the Modified Six Elements Test, the Action Program Test and the Rule Shift Cards Test. RESULTS: When compared to obese controls, obese individuals with binge eating disorder presented significant impairment in the following tests: Digit Span backward, Zoo Map Test, Modified Six Elements Test, and Action Program Test. Subjects with binge eating disorder also showed significant more set shifting and perseverative errors in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. In other measures such as the Digit Span Forward, the Trail Making Test, the Stroop Test and the Rule Shift Cards Test, obese subjects with binge eating disorder did not differ significantly from obese subjects without binge eating disorder. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that, in the present sample, obese individuals with binge eating disorder presented executive deficits, especially impairments relating to problem-solving, cognitive flexibility and working memory.

scholarly journals Reliability and validity of neurobehavioral function on the Psychology Experimental Building Language test battery in young adults

PeerJ ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. e1460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. Piper ◽  
Shane T. Mueller ◽  
Alexander R. Geerken ◽  
Kyle L. Dixon ◽  
Gregory Kroliczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Neurobehavioral Function ◽  
Pursuit Rotor ◽  
Sorting Test

Background.The Psychology Experiment Building Language (PEBL) software consists of over one-hundred computerized tests based on classic and novel cognitive neuropsychology and behavioral neurology measures. Although the PEBL tests are becoming more widely utilized, there is currently very limited information about the psychometric properties of these measures.Methods.Study I examined inter-relationships among nine PEBL tests including indices of motor-function (Pursuit Rotor and Dexterity), attention (Test of Attentional Vigilance and Time-Wall), working memory (Digit Span Forward), and executive-function (PEBL Trail Making Test, Berg/Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Iowa Gambling Test, and Mental Rotation) in a normative sample (N= 189, ages 18–22). Study II evaluated test–retest reliability with a two-week interest interval between administrations in a separate sample (N= 79, ages 18–22).Results.Moderate intra-test, but low inter-test, correlations were observed and ceiling/floor effects were uncommon. Sex differences were identified on the Pursuit Rotor (Cohen’sd= 0.89) and Mental Rotation (d= 0.31) tests. The correlation between the test and retest was high for tests of motor learning (Pursuit Rotor time on targetr= .86) and attention (Test of Attentional Vigilance response timer= .79), intermediate for memory (digit spanr= .63) but lower for the executive function indices (Wisconsin/Berg Card Sorting Test perseverative errors = .45, Tower of London moves = .15). Significant practice effects were identified on several indices of executive function.Conclusions.These results are broadly supportive of the reliability and validity of individual PEBL tests in this sample. These findings indicate that the freely downloadable, open-source PEBL battery (http://pebl.sourceforge.net) is a versatile research tool to study individual differences in neurocognitive performance.

scholarly journals Reliability and validity of neurobehavioral function on the Psychology Experimental Building Language test battery in young-adults

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J Piper ◽  
Shane T Mueller ◽  
Alexander R Geerken ◽  
Kyle L Dixon ◽  
Gregory Kroliczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Neurobehavioral Function ◽  
Pursuit Rotor ◽  
Sorting Test

Background. The Psychology Experiment Building Language (PEBL) software consists of over one-hundred computerized tests based on classic cognitive neuropsychology and behavioral neurology measures. Although the PEBL tests are becoming more widely utilized, there is currently very limited information about the psychometric properties of these measures. Methods. Study I examined inter-relationships among ten PEBL tests including indices of motor-function (Pursuit Rotor and Dexterity), attention (Test of Attentional Vigilance and Time-Wall), working memory (Digit Span Forward), and executive-function (PEBL Trail Making Test, Berg/Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Iowa Gambling Test, and Mental Rotation) in a normative sample (N = 189, ages 18-22). Study II evaluated test-retest reliability with a two-week interest interval between administrations in a separate sample (N = 79, ages 18-22). Results. Moderate intra-test, but low inter-test, correlations were observed and ceiling/floor effects were uncommon. Sex differences were identified on the Pursuit Rotor (Cohen’s d = 0.89) and Mental Rotation (d = 0.31) tests. The correlation between the test and retest was high for tests of motor learning (Pursuit Rotor time on target r = .86) and attention (Test of Attentional Vigilance response time r = .79), intermediate for memory (digit span r = .63) but lower for the executive function indices (Wisconsin/Berg Card Sorting Test perseverative errors = .45, Tower of London moves = .15). Significant practice effects were identified on several indices of executive function. Conclusions. These results are broadly supportive of the reliability and validity of individual PEBL tests in this sample. These findings indicate that the freely downloadable, open-source, PEBL battery http://pebl.sourceforge.net is a versatile research tool to study individual differences in neurocognitive performance.

scholarly journals Association between Dialysis Adequacy and Cognition in Patients with Peritoneal Dialysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 1143-1148
Author(s):  
Dong Jin Shin ◽  
Taehee Kim ◽  
Do-Un Jung ◽  
Jung-Joon Moon ◽  
Dong-Wook Jeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Dialysis Adequacy ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽  
Sorting Test

Objective Cognition of peritoneal dialysis patients is influenced by various factors including dialysis adequacy such as fractional urea clearance (Kt/V) and relative overhydration (RelOH). This study aimed to discover the potential contribution of dialysis adequacy to cognitive function in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.Methods Fifty-nine patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis were recruited. Demographic information, comorbidities, and clinical lab findings were retrospectively collected, and dialysis adequacy was determined by the Kt/V and RelOH calculation. Cognition and depression were measured with Digit Symbol Substitution Test, Hopkins Verbal Learning Test, Wechsler memory scale (spatial span), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, and Beck’s depression inventory. Partial correlation test was used to explore the correlation of dialysis adequacy with cognitive function.Results RelOH showed significant correlation with some of the Wisconsin Card Sorting test results. The categories achieved showed negative correlation (r=-0.32, p=0.02) and trials to complete first category showed positive correlation (r=0.31, p=0.02) with RelOH. Other tasks showed no significant correlation with RelOH. Kt/V.Conclusion Our study demonstrates that peritoneal dialysis adequacy, measured by RelOH, seems to be significantly correlated with the occurrence of cognitive impairment. The outcome suggests that RelOH may have the potential to clarify the role of cognitive impairment in peritoneal dialysis patients.

A neuropsychological comparison of schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychosis of epilepsy

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. C. MELLERS ◽  
B. K. TOONE ◽  
W. A. LISHMAN
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Visual Learning ◽  
Sorting Task ◽  
Motor Speed ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Neuropsychological Profile ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

Background. The schizophrenia-like psychoses of epilepsy (SLPE) might represent a secondary form of schizophrenia in which the pathology is relatively confined to the temporal lobe. To test this possibility we have compared the neuropsychological profile of schizophrenia and SLPE. Our main hypothesis was that both psychotic groups would show deficits of temporal lobe function but that prefrontal impairment, as measured by tests of executive function, would be found only in the primary schizophrenic group.Methods. Four groups were studied: (1) patients with SLPE (N = 25); (2) patients with epilepsy but not psychiatric history (N = 24); (3) patients with schizophrenia (N = 22); and (4) healthy volunteers (N = 24). Neuropsychological testing comprised measures of pre-morbid IQ, current verbal and performance IQ, information processing, digit span, motor speed, verbal and visual learning and memory, verbal fluency, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task, the Stroop test and the trail making task.Results. Patients with schizophrenia and those with SLPE had almost identical neuropsychological profiles, with impairments of attention, episodic memory (verbal > visual) and executive function. The epileptic controls showed similar though less severe impairments of memory and of some tests of executive function.Conclusions. Our results do not support the hypothesis that the pathophysiology of SLPE and schizophrenia are distinct. While our findings suggest an important role for dominant temporal lobe abnormality in schizophrenia, both in its primary form and in that occurring in patients with epilepsy, they also implicate generalized cognitive impairment, manifest in particular as attentional deficits, in both forms of the disorder.

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