scholarly journals Yellow Pigment Powders Based on Lead and Antimony: Particle Size and Colour Hue

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Capobianco ◽  
Giorgia Agresti ◽  
Giuseppe Bonifazi ◽  
Silvia Serranti ◽  
Claudia Pelosi
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Visible Range ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Colour Measurements

This paper reports the results of particle size analysis and colour measurements concerning yellow powders, synthesised in our laboratories according to ancient recipes aiming at producing pigments for paintings, ceramics, and glasses. These pigments are based on lead and antimony as chemical elements, that, combined in different proportions and fired at different temperatures, times, and with various additives, gave materials of yellow colours, changing in hues and particle size. Artificial yellow pigments, based on lead and antimony, have been widely studied, but no specific investigation on particle size distribution and its correlation to colour hue has been performed before. In order to evaluate the particle size distribution, segmentation of sample data has been performed using the MATLAB software environment. The extracted parameters were examined by principal component analysis (PCA) in order to detect differences and analogies between samples on the base of those parameters. Principal component analysis was also applied to colour data acquired by a reflectance spectrophotometer in the visible range according to the CIELAB colour space. Within the two examined groups, i.e., yellows containing NaCl and those containing K-tartrate, differences have been found between samples and also between different areas of the same powder indicating the inhomogeneity of the synthesised pigments. On the other hand, colour data showed homogeneity within each yellow sample and clear differences between the different powders. The comparison of results demonstrates the potentiality of the particle segmentation and analysis in the study of morphology and distribution of pigment powders produced artificially, allowing the characterisation of the lead and antimony-based pigments through micro-image analysis and colour measurements combined with a multivariate approach.

X-ray fluorescence spectrometry for rapid screening of particle size in soils

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maame Croffie ◽  
Paul N. Williams ◽  
Owen Fenton ◽  
Anna Fenelon ◽  
Karen Daly
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
X Ray

<p>Soil texture is an essential factor for effective land management in agricultural production. Knowledge of soil texture and particle size at field scale can aid with on-going soil management decisions. Standard soil physical and gravimetric methods for particle size analysis are time-consuming and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) provides a rapid and cost-effective alternative. The objective of this study was to explore the use of XRF as a predictor for particle size. An extensive archive of Irish soils with particle size and soil texture data was used to select samples for XRF analysis. Regression and correlation analyses on XRF determined results showed that the relationship between Rb and % clay varied with soil type and was dependent on the parent material. There was a strong relationship (R > 0.62, R<sup>2</sup>>0.30, p<0.05) between Rb and clay for soils originating from bedrock such as limestones and slate. Contrastingly, no significant relationship (R<0.03, R<sup>2</sup>=0.00, p>0.05) exists between Rb and % clay for soils originating from granite and gneiss. Furthermore, there was a significant negative correlation (p<0.05) between Rb and % sand. The XRF is a useful technique for rough screening of particle size distribution in soils originating from certain parent materials. Thus, this may contribute to the rapid prediction of soil texture based on knowledge of the particle size distribution.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Log-Cubic Method for Generation of Soil Particle Size Distribution Curve

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songhao Shang
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Soil Particle ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Particle Analysis

Particle size distribution (PSD) is a fundamental physical property of soils. Traditionally, the PSD curve was generated by hand from limited data of particle size analysis, which is subjective and may lead to significant uncertainty in the freehand PSD curve and graphically estimated cumulative particle percentages. To overcome these problems, a log-cubic method was proposed for the generation of PSD curve based on a monotone piecewise cubic interpolation method. The log-cubic method and commonly used log-linear and log-spline methods were evaluated by the leave-one-out cross-validation method for 394 soil samples extracted from UNSODA database. Mean error and root mean square error of the cross-validation show that the log-cubic method outperforms two other methods. What is more important, PSD curve generated by the log-cubic method meets essential requirements of a PSD curve, that is, passing through all measured data and being both smooth and monotone. The proposed log-cubic method provides an objective and reliable way to generate a PSD curve from limited soil particle analysis data. This method and the generated PSD curve can be used in the conversion of different soil texture schemes, assessment of grading pattern, and estimation of soil hydraulic parameters and erodibility factor.

scholarly journals Application of absolute principal component analysis to size distribution data: identification of particle origins

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 887-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Chan ◽  
M. Mozurkewich
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Trace Gas ◽  
Rural Site ◽  
Aerosol Size Distribution ◽  
Urban Site ◽  
Distribution Data

Abstract. Absolute principal component analysis can be applied, with suitable modifications, to atmospheric aerosol size distribution measurements. This method quickly and conveniently reduces the dimensionality of a data set. The resulting representation of the data is much simpler, but preserves virtually all the information present in the original measurements. Here we demonstrate how to combine the simplified size distribution data with trace gas measurements and meteorological data to determine the origins of the measured particulate matter using absolute principal component analysis. We have applied the analysis to four different sets of field measurements that were conducted at three sites in southern Ontario. Several common factors were observed at all the sites; these were identified as photochemically produced secondary aerosol particles, regional pollutants (including accumulation mode aerosol particles), and trace gas variations associated with boundary layer dynamics. Each site also exhibited a factor associated specifically with that site: local industrial emissions in Hamilton (urban site), processed nucleation mode particles at Simcoe (polluted rural site), and transported fine particles at Egbert (downwind from Toronto).

Size Reduction of Clay Particles in Nanometer Dimensions

2002 ◽  
Vol 740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopinath Mani ◽  
Qinguo Fan ◽  
Samuel C. Ugbolue ◽  
Isabelle M. Eiff
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Laser Diffraction ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
Nano Size

ABSTRACTThis research work focuses on combining ball milling and ultrasonication to produce nano-size clay particles. Our work also emphasizes on increasing the specific surface area of montmorillonite clay particles by reducing the particle size to nanometer dimensions. We have characterized the as-received clay particles by using particle size analysis based on laser diffraction and found that the size of the clay particles is not consistent and the particle size distribution is very broad. However, after the unique treatment and processing, the clay particles were obtained in nanometer dimensions with narrowed particle size distribution.

scholarly journals Effects of Particle Size Distribution on the Properties of Natural-Based Composite

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 170-177
Author(s):  
J. Abutu ◽  
S.A. Lawal ◽  
M.B. Ndaliman ◽  
R.A. Lafia-Araga ◽  
A.S. Abdulrahman
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Coconut Shells

In this study, locally sourced natural materials (coconut shells and seashells) were used separately to produce composites. The powders were sieved with sieve size of 10 µm and characterized using a particle size analyser (DLS) in order to ascertain their particle size distribution. Also, the effects of particle size distribution on the performance of sourced coconut shells and seashells-based composite was investigated. About 52% of the characterized powder was afterward used along with other ingredients (35% binder, 8% alumina and 5% graphite) to produced composites using moulding pressure (14 MPa), moulding temperature (160 ºC), curing time (12 min) and heat treatment time (1 hr). The performance of the composites was thereafter evaluated using standard testing procedures. The results of particle size analysis indicated that the seashell powder (0.27) possesses lower distribution width (PDI) compared to the coconut shell powder (0.342) while the coconut shell (542.3 nm) showed lower Z-average diameter compared to the seashell powder (1096 nm) with some little traces of nanoparticles (<10 µm). Also, the experimental results obtained from composite characterization indicated that the coconut shell-based samples exhibited better performance in terms of its mechanical and tribological properties compared to the seashell-based samples.

scholarly journals Particle size distribution of fly ash from co-incineration of bituminous coal with municipal solid waste

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 01008
Author(s):  
Ewelina Cieślik ◽  
Tomasz Konieczny ◽  
Bartłomiej Bobik
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Bituminous Coal ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Exhaust Gas

One of the source of air pollutants is emission from local coal-fired boiler-houses and domestic heating boilers. The consequence of incineration of municipal waste is the introduction of additional pollutants into the atmosphere, including fly ash. The aim of this work was to evaluate the particle size distribution of fly ash emitted by coal combustion and co-incineration of coal with municipal waste in a domestic 18 kW central heating boiler equipped with an automatic fuel feeder. Mixtures of bituminous coal with different types of solid waste (5, 10 and 15% of mass fraction) were used. Solid waste types consisted of: printed, colored PE caps, fragmented cable trunking, fragmented car gaskets and shredded tires from trucks. During the incineration of a given mixture of municipal waste with bituminous coal, the velocity of exhaust gas was specified, the concentration and mass flow of fly ash were determined together with the physico-chemical parameters of the exhaust gas, the samples of emitted fly ash were taken as the test material. Particle size analysis of fly ash was performed using laser particle sizer Fritch Analysette 22. The PM10 share from all fly ashes from incineration of mixtures was about 100%. Differences were noted between PM2.5 and PM1.

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