Mechanical Properties of concrete by reused coarse aggregate with substitution of different percentages instead of natural aggregate and incorporation of Glass fiber

Waste recycling is an option to mitigate the environmental impact resulting from the significant amount of debris generated by the productive activities of the construction. Thus, the aim of the research work to evaluate the use of Recycled Coarse aggregates (RCA) instead of natural coarse aggregate (NCA) in concrete ingredients with 30 MPa compressive strength. The experimental program began with the physical and particle size characterization of the Recycled Coarse aggregates (RCA), and subsequent comparison with the properties of the natural coarse aggregate (NCA). Based on the knowledge of these properties, the production stage began of concretes. Different procedures and literature have been studied in order to achieve the strength of concrete up to 30Mpa by incorporated glass fiber (2 % by addition of cement). It was also the influence of the use of different contents (0, 10%, 20%, 50%, and 100%) of Substitution of natural coarse aggregate by the recycled coarse concrete aggregate in the properties of the fresh and hardened state of concrete. Regarding the strength, parameters increased gradually proportional to the amount of RCA in the concrete from 10 to 20% and decrease strength to the amount of RCA in the concrete from 50 to 100% Substitution of natural coarse aggregate (NCA) in concrete

Aerosol delivery through high flow nasal cannula compared to biphasic positive airway pressure, at two different pressure: an in-vitro study

Background Both non-invasive ventilation and high flow oxygen therapy are preferred over low flow oxygen therapy in many conditions. Nebulizers, for aerosol delivery, can be used within them without interrupting the circuit. The present study aimed to compare the efficiency of drug delivery within high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) and biphasic positive airway pressure (BiPAP) ventilation mode using two different inspiratory positive airway pressures. The aerosol delivery was examined in HFNC system at low flow, 5 L min−1, and BiPAP non-invasive ventilation under 2 different pressures [high pressure; inspiratory positive airway pressure/expiratory positive airway pressure (IPAP/EPAP) of 20/5 cm water, and low pressure; IPAP/EPAP of 10/5 cm water]. The total inhalable dose (TID) was measured by inserting an Aerogen Solo nebulizer installed with 1 mL salbutamol respiratory solution (5000 μg mL−1) within the circuit, and the salbutamol was collected on an inhalation filter placed in a filter holder connected to a breathing simulator. The breathing simulator was adjusted at a tidal volume of 500 mL, respiratory rate of 15 breaths min−1, and inhalation to exhalation (I:E) ratio of 1:1 for the adult setting. In each technique of the three (HFNC, and low, and high-pressures BiPAP), TID was determined 5 times (n = 5). For particle size characterization, cooled Anderson Cascade Impactor (ACI) was inserted instead of the inhalation filter and the breathing simulator with the same scheme. In each technique of the three, particle size characterization was determined 3 times (n = 3). Results The BiPAP mode at low inspiratory pressure had the highest TID, followed by HFNC at flow 5 L min−1, then BiPAP mode at high inspiratory pressure. There was a significant difference only between low and high inspiratory pressure modes of BiPAP mode. Low-inspiratory pressure BiPAP delivered the highest mean ± SD fine particle dose (FPD). It was significantly higher than that delivered in high inspiratory pressure BiPAP, and HFNC. Also, FPD in HFNC was significantly higher than that in high inspiratory pressure BiPAP. HFNC system had the smallest mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) and the highest FPF followed by low then high inspiratory pressure BiPAP. Conclusions Increasing the inspiratory positive airway pressure in BiPAP, from 10 to 20 cm water, decreased the total inhalable dose and FPF nearly by half. Low inspiratory pressure BiPAP delivered the highest TID and FPD. The HFNC system at low oxygen flow resulted in the least MMAD, and the highest FPF. Using HFNC delivered a TID that was non-significant from that delivered by low inspiratory pressure BiPAP. Graphical Abstract

Production and Characterization of Sumac PlantCrystals: Influence of High-Pressure Homogenization on Antioxidant Activity of Sumac (Rhus coriaria L.)

Oxidative stress diseases are usually treated or prevented by using antioxidants from natural or artificial sources. However, as a sustainable source of phytochemicals, plants got a renewed interest in obtaining their active agents using green extraction technologies, i.e., sustainable extraction techniques that reduce energy consumption, use renewable sources and result in less post-extraction wastes. The high-pressure homogenization (HPH) technique was introduced into the food industry since it was invented in 1900 to homogenize milk and later to produce fruit juices with a longer shelf-life without preservatives. Recently, HPH was introduced as an eco-friendly method to nanomill plants for improved extraction efficacy without using organic solvents. In this study, sumac was used as an antioxidants-rich spice model to investigate the effects of HPH on its antioxidant capacity (AOC). Sumac was rendered into PlantCrystals by using HPH. Particle size characterization proved the presence of submicron-sized particles (about 750 nm). Thus, HPH was able to produce sumac PlantCrystals and increased the AOC of bulk sumac by more than 650% according to the ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity) assay. The polyphenol and flavonoid contents showed higher values after HPH. Interestingly, the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assay also showed a well improved AOC (similar to ascorbic acid) after HPH. In fact, in this study, the PlantCrystal-technology was demonstrated to cause an efficient cell rupture of the sumac plant cells. This caused an efficient release of antioxidants and resulted in sumac PlantCrystals with a 6.5-fold higher antioxidant capacity when compared to non-processed sumac bulk material.

Effects of Dietary Inclusion of Canthaxanthin- and α-Tocopherol-Loaded Liposomes on Growth and Muscle Pigmentation of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Dietary inclusion of canthaxanthin, a common carotenoid pigment, has been long practiced in aquaculture to give the favorable flesh color in farmed salmonids. However, carotenoids are associated with limited solubility and poor physicochemical stability, and their dose in fish feed is widely regulated. In this study, we included canthaxanthin- and α-tocopherol-loaded liposomes into fish diets and evaluated the effects of supplemented fish feed on fish growth, color, nutrition, and canthaxanthin deposition in fillets of cultured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The liposomes were fabricated using lecithin as phospholipids with the initial concentrations (IC = mcanthaxanthin/mlipids, % wt/wt) of canthaxanthin at 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1.0%. Particle size characterization showed that liposome mean sizes were 109.70 ± 6.36, 105.10 ± 8.41, and 109.20 ± 5.66 nm (mean ± SD; n = 3), respectively, corresponding with liposomes synthesized at canthaxanthin IC = 0.1%, IC = 0.5%, and IC = 1%. The polydispersity index (PDI) of all samples remained lower than 0.2. There were no significant differences in the mean size and PDI between blank lecithin liposome and canthaxanthin- and α-tocopherol-loaded liposomes. The encapsulation efficiency of canthaxanthin- and α-tocopherol-loaded liposomes decreased when increasing the concentration of canthaxanthin in lecithin liposomes, with EE% values of IC = 0.1%, IC = 0.5%, and IC = 1% being 85.3 ± 2.1, 72.9 ± 1.8, and 55.3 ± 2.6, respectively. For fish growth, at the end of the experiment, final weight was significantly higher in fish fed with diet supplemented with 1 g/kg canthaxanthin- and α-tocopherol-loaded liposomes (IC = 0.5%) in comparison to other experimental control groups. The difference in color of the salmon muscle was most apparent after two months of feeding. However, after three months, there was no noticeable change in the color score of the fish muscle, indicating saturation of color of the fish muscle. The above results suggest the potential of canthaxanthin- and a-tocopherol-loaded liposomes as the red pigment in fish aquaculture.

Production and Characterization Of Sumac Plantcrystals: Influence of High-Pressure Homogenization on Antioxidant Activity of Sumac (Rhus Coriaria L.)

· Background: Oxidative stress diseases are usually treated or prevented by using antioxidants from natural or artificial sources. However, as a sustainable source of phytochemicals, plants got a renewed interest in obtaining their active agents using green technologies. Green chemistry is the ability to obtain commercially viable products with desirable properties from widely available renewable sources using eco-friendly methods. The high-pressure homogenization (HPH) technique was introduced into the food industry since it was invented in 1900 to homogenize milk and later to produce fruit juices with a longer shelf-life without preservatives. Recently, HPH was introduced as an eco-friendly method to nano mill plants for improved extraction efficacy without using organic solvents. ·Results: In this study, sumac was used as an antioxidants-rich spice model to investigate the effects of HPH on its antioxidant capacity (AOC). Sumac was rendered into PlantCrystals by using HPH. Particle size characterization proved the presence of submicron-sized particles (about 750 nm). Thus, HPH was able to produce sumac PlantCrystals and increase the AOC of bulk sumac by more than 500% according to the ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity) assay. The polyphenol and flavonoid contents showed higher values after HPH. Interestingly, the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assay also showed a well improved AOC (similar to ascorbic acid) after HPH. · Conclusion: In fact, in this study, the great potential of the green PlantCrystal-technology could be demonstrated.

Feasibility Study for a Chemical Process Particle Size Characterization System for Explosive Environments Using Low Laser Power

The industrial particle sensor market lacks simple, easy to use, low cost yet robust, safe and fast response solutions. Towards development of such a sensor, for in-line use in micro channels under continuous flow conditions, this work introduces static light scattering (SLS) determination of particle diameter using a laser with an emission power of less than 5 µW together with sensitive detectors with detection times of 1 ms. The measurements for the feasibility studies are made in an angular range between 20° and 160° in 2° increments. We focus on the range between 300 and 1000 nm, for applications in the production of paints, colors, pigments and crystallites. Due to the fast response time, reaction characteristics in microchannel designs for precipitation and crystallization processes can be studied. A novel method for particle diameter characterization is developed using the positions of maxima and minima and slope distribution. The novel algorithm to classify particle diameter is especially developed to be independent of dispersed phase concentration or concentration fluctuations like product flares or signal instability. Measurement signals are post processed and particle diameters are validated against Mie light scattering simulations. The design of a low cost instrument for industrial use is proposed.

The Effect of Acidity and Aging Time in The Synthesis of Al(OH)3 from The Anodized-waste with a Sol-Gel Method

Synthesis of alumina has been carried out by utilizing anodized waste as raw material. Anodized waste is a by-product of metal anodizing processes such as aluminium. This study aims to determine the effect of acidity (pH) and aging time on the mass of Al(OH)3 and the property of Al(OH)3 as well as Al2O3 that produced. Anodized waste was deposited into Al(OH)3 and then purified. Alumina synthesized by the sol-gel method with pH variations of 7, 8, 9, and 10 and aging times of 24, 48, and 72 hours. The Al(OH)3, which has been produced, was characterized by PSA and powder XRD spectrophotometer. The results showed that the synthesis of Al(OH)3 was influenced by pH and aging time. It affects the yield and particle size of Al(OH)3. The optimum condition of the synthesis was pH 7 and aging time of 24 hours with yield of 1.85 grams. Characterization by PSA at a current diameter of 90% indicate that higher pH value and longer aging time produces smaller particle size. Characterization by powder XRD shows that the Al(OH)3 has gibbsite crystal phase with d values of 3.360, 3.217, 2.252, 2.029, and 1.649 Å.