scholarly journals Critical Thinking: A Model of Intelligence for Solving Real-World Problems

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Diane F. Halpern ◽  
Dana S. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Standardized Tests ◽  
Real World ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Theories Of Intelligence ◽  
Real World Problem ◽  
High Intelligence ◽  
Rational Thought ◽  
Real World Problems

Most theories of intelligence do not directly address the question of whether people with high intelligence can successfully solve real world problems. A high IQ is correlated with many important outcomes (e.g., academic prominence, reduced crime), but it does not protect against cognitive biases, partisan thinking, reactance, or confirmation bias, among others. There are several newer theories that directly address the question about solving real-world problems. Prominent among them is Sternberg’s adaptive intelligence with “adaptation to the environment” as the central premise, a construct that does not exist on standardized IQ tests. Similarly, some scholars argue that standardized tests of intelligence are not measures of rational thought—the sort of skill/ability that would be needed to address complex real-world problems. Other investigators advocate for critical thinking as a model of intelligence specifically designed for addressing real-world problems. Yes, intelligence (i.e., critical thinking) can be enhanced and used for solving a real-world problem such as COVID-19, which we use as an example of contemporary problems that need a new approach.

scholarly journals Critical Thinking: A Model of Intelligence for Solving Real-world Problems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Halpern ◽  
Dana Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Real World ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Cold Fusion ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Theories Of Intelligence ◽  
Real World Problem ◽  
High Intelligence ◽  
Rational Thought ◽  
Real World Problems

Most traditional theories of intelligence have little to do with the question of whether people with high intelligence can successfully address real world problems. A high IQ is correlated with many important outcomes (e.g., academic prominence, reduced crime), but it does not protect against cognitive biases, partisan thinking, reactance, confirmation bias, and even falling for discredited beliefs such as alchemy, cold fusion, and astrology. There are several newer theories that directly address the question about solving real-world problems. Prominent among them is Sternberg’s adaptive intelligence with “adaptation to the environment” as the central premise, a construct that does not exist on standardized IQ tests (e.g., Sternberg, 2019). Similarly, Stanovich and West (2014) argue that standardized tests of intelligence are not measures of rational thought—the sort of skill/ability that would be needed to address complex real-world problems. Halpern and Butler (2020) advocate for critical thinking as a better model of intelligence for addressing real-world problems than those that are based on psychometric properties of general intelligence. Yes, intelligence (i.e., critical thinking) can be enhanced and used for solving a real-world problem like Covid-19, which we use as an example of contemporary problems that need a new approach. Critical thinking may be an antidote for the chaos of the modern world.

AEGA: A New Real-Coded Genetic AlgorithmTaking Account of Extrapolation

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kento Uemura ◽  
◽  
Isao Ono
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Function Optimization ◽  
Benchmark Problems ◽  
Lens Design ◽  
Real World Problem ◽  
Real Coded Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Stable Manner ◽  
Ridge Structures ◽  
Real World Problems

This study proposes a new real-coded genetic algorithm (RCGA) taking account of extrapolation, which we call adaptive extrapolation RCGA (AEGA). Real-world problems are often formulated as black-box function optimization problems and sometimes have ridge structures and implicit active constraints. mAREX/JGG is one of the most powerful RCGAs that performs well against these problems. However, mAREX/JGG has a problem of search inefficiency. To overcome this problem, we propose AEGA that generates offspring outside the current population in a more stable manner than mAREX/JGG. Moreover, AEGA adapts the width of the offspring distribution automatically to improve its search efficiency. We evaluate the performance of AEGA using benchmark problems and show that AEGA finds the optimum with fewer evaluations than mAREX/JGG with a maximum reduction ratio of 45%. Furthermore, we apply AEGA to a lens design problem that is known as a difficult real-world problem and show that AEGA reaches the known best solution with approximately 25% fewer evaluations than mAREX/JGG.

scholarly journals Using Congestion Zones for Solving the Time Dependent Vehicle Routing Problem

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonči Carić ◽  
Juraj Fosin
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Routing ◽  
Real World ◽  
Vehicle Routing Problem ◽  
Time Delays ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Routing Problem ◽  
Real World Problem ◽  
Independent Case ◽  
Real World Problems

This paper provides a framework for solving the Time Dependent Vehicle Routing Problem (TDVRP) by using historical data. The data are used to predict travel times during certain times of the day and derive zones of congestion that can be used by optimization algorithms. A combination of well-known algorithms was adapted to the time dependent setting and used to solve the real-world problems. The adapted algorithm outperforms the best-known results for TDVRP benchmarks. The proposed framework was applied to a real-world problem and results show a reduction in time delays in serving customers compared to the time independent case.

scholarly journals Preface

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdon Atangana ◽  
Hasan Bulut ◽  
Zakia Hammouch ◽  
Haci Mehmet Baskonus
Keyword(s):  
Applied Sciences ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Real World ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Computational Mathematics ◽  
Real World Problem ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Engineering Sciences ◽  
Real World Problems

In the last decade, it has been proven in several research papers that, mathematical tools are rather power in describing real world problem in all fields of science, technology and engineering. Various mathematical models that examine real world problems have been studied and developed with the aim of predicting the future. Due to the wider applicability of these tools, research observes that the field of applied sciences is a rapidly growing discipline and has engaged the minds of researchers. The recently developed mathematical models bear certain kinds of complexities. Therefore new methods have been elaborated for observing the properties of intricated models accurately. Moreover, comprehensive information about the models have been found by modifiying the existing methods in literature. By means of the outstanding increase in information, such findings uncover new aspects and properties of real world problems. In addition, structural changes of models and technical improvements in practices brought out novel challenging issues. Such challenges have resulted in new and modified methods. Therefore, the studies in such fields are essential and meaningful in understanding the diverse aspects of the models.This special issue aims at addressing these interesting research matters in the field of applied and engineering sicences. The main source of the articles in this special issue were the selected papers from those presented at the Second International Conference on Computational Mathematics and Engineering Sciences (CMES2017), which was held on May 20-22, 2017, in Istanbul, Turkey. During CMES2017, several various papers related to applied and engineering sicence have been presented. In this special issue, we have received 12 manuscripts based on rigorous reviews. This special issue has greatly benefited from the cooperation among the authors, reviewers, and editors.We would like to express our sincere gratitude to Moulay Ismail University and Firat University for organizing CMES2017 Conference and all the authors for their contributions, which has made this special issue possible. 

Developing Pre-Service Teachers' STEM Skills With Raspberry Pi Activities

2021 ◽  
pp. 327-351
Author(s):  
Georgios Bampasidis ◽  
Apostolia Galani ◽  
George Koutromanos
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Real World ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Learning Potential ◽  
Primary School Teachers ◽  
School Knowledge ◽  
Real World Problem ◽  
Real World Problems

The aim of this study was to explore the development of pre-service primary school teachers' STEM skills with Raspberry Pi activities. Data were collected from 16 pre-service teachers through semi-constructed interviews, reports, and a questionnaire. The results of the qualitative analysis showed that the participants developed the STEM skills mentioned in the literature such as confidence, computing, problem-solving, creativity, technological skills, and enhanced the learning potential of robotics. Moreover, the ready-to-use Python codes on Raspberry Pi platform could be an effective strategy for pre-service teachers with lack of programming to provide solutions on real-world problems. In addition, the participants successfully connected the Raspberry Pi, sensor kits, and Python scripts with real-world problems. This equipment motivated them to transpose a real-world problem to school knowledge. According to the results the combination of Raspberry Pi, sensors, and Python helped the participants upskill in computing.

scholarly journals A New Approach for Optimization of Real Life Transportation Problem in Neutrosophic Environment

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Thamaraiselvi ◽  
R. Santhi
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Sets ◽  
Real World ◽  
Transportation Problem ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets ◽  
Mathematical Representation ◽  
Neutrosophic Sets ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Real World Problem ◽  
First Time

Neutrosophic sets have been introduced as a generalization of crisp sets, fuzzy sets, and intuitionistic fuzzy sets to represent uncertain, inconsistent, and incomplete information about a real world problem. For the first time, this paper attempts to introduce the mathematical representation of a transportation problem in neutrosophic environment. The necessity of the model is discussed. A new method for solving transportation problem with indeterminate and inconsistent information is proposed briefly. A real life example is given to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method in neutrosophic approach.

Developing Pre-Service Teachers' STEM Skills With Raspberry Pi Activities

2022 ◽  
pp. 442-466
Author(s):  
Georgios Bampasidis ◽  
Apostolia Galani ◽  
George Koutromanos
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Real World ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Learning Potential ◽  
Primary School Teachers ◽  
School Knowledge ◽  
Real World Problem ◽  
Real World Problems

The aim of this study was to explore the development of pre-service primary school teachers' STEM skills with Raspberry Pi activities. Data were collected from 16 pre-service teachers through semi-constructed interviews, reports, and a questionnaire. The results of the qualitative analysis showed that the participants developed the STEM skills mentioned in the literature such as confidence, computing, problem-solving, creativity, technological skills, and enhanced the learning potential of robotics. Moreover, the ready-to-use Python codes on Raspberry Pi platform could be an effective strategy for pre-service teachers with lack of programming to provide solutions on real-world problems. In addition, the participants successfully connected the Raspberry Pi, sensor kits, and Python scripts with real-world problems. This equipment motivated them to transpose a real-world problem to school knowledge. According to the results the combination of Raspberry Pi, sensors, and Python helped the participants upskill in computing.

scholarly journals Covid-19 as an opportunity to teach epistemic insight: findings from exploratory workshops on Covid-19 and science with students aged 15–17 in England

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Berry Billingsley ◽  
Joshua M. Heyes ◽  
Mehdi Nassaji
Keyword(s):  
Nature Of Science ◽  
Curriculum Reform ◽  
Real World ◽  
The Public ◽  
Real World Problem ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Epistemic Insight ◽  
Pedagogical Approaches ◽  
Real World Problems

AbstractThe contributions of science and scientists to combatting Covid-19 have been at the forefront of media attention throughout 2020 and early 2021, exposing the public to the processes of science in an unprecedented manner. The pandemic has highlighted the necessity of scientists working collaboratively with other disciplines in informing thinking about a complex, evolving real-world problem. This draws attention to recent efforts, both in the UK and internationally, towards curriculum reform integrating epistemic insight (knowledge about knowledge, including about what disciplines are and how they interact), with significant implications for the teaching of science in schools. We present findings from two exploratory workshops with 15–17-year-old students in England on the role of science during the pandemic. We found that the workshops provided space for students to begin to develop epistemic insight regarding how science informs decision-making in dialogue with other disciplines. We make recommendations proposing pedagogical approaches using live, complex, real-world problems to address issues around understandings of the nature of science, misinformation, trust and participation in science.

scholarly journals New Approach to Find Fixed Point in Extended b-metric Space

2021 ◽  
Vol 2089 (1) ◽  
pp. 012042
Author(s):  
Surjeet Singh Chauhan Gonder ◽  
Kanika Rana
Keyword(s):  
Integral Equation ◽  
Fixed Point ◽  
Metric Space ◽  
Real World ◽  
Linear Analysis ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Modeling And Control ◽  
Real World Problem ◽  
And Control

Abstract A fixed point for a suitable map or operator is identical to the presence of a solution to a theoretical or real-world problem. As a result, fixed points are crucial in many fields of mathematics, science, and engineering. In this paper, we establish new fixed point results on self-mappings in setting of extended b-metric space which can be extended further to give application in real world such as in image processing, computer graphics, Nash equilibrium and many more. Our results extends the corresponding results of Mukheimer et. al. [Aimal Mukheimer, Nabil Mlaiki, Kamal Abodayeh, Wasfi Shantanawi, Non Linear Analysis: Modeling and Control, 24(6), 870-883, 2019.] and Kamran et. al. [Tayyab Kamran, Maria Samreen, Qurrat UL Ain, Mathematics, 5(19), 2017, 7 pages.]. Examples are also mentioned to check the authenticity of our results. A solution to Fredholm integral equation is also demonstrated as an application.

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