scholarly journals Worldwide Genetic Structure Elucidates the Eurasian Origin and Invasion Pathways of Dothistroma septosporum, Causal Agent of Dothistroma Needle Blight

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Martin S. Mullett ◽  
Rein Drenkhan ◽  
Kalev Adamson ◽  
Piotr Boroń ◽  
Anna Lenart-Boroń ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Ancestral Population ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Invasion Pathways ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
Dothistroma Needle Blight ◽  
Migration Pathways ◽  
Dothistroma Septosporum ◽  
Needle Blight

Dothistroma septosporum, the primary causal agent of Dothistroma needle blight, is one of the most significant foliar pathogens of pine worldwide. Its wide host and environmental ranges have led to its global success as a pathogen and severe economic damage to pine forests in many regions. This comprehensive global population study elucidated the historical migration pathways of the pathogen to reveal the Eurasian origin of the fungus. When over 3800 isolates were examined, three major population clusters were revealed: North America, Western Europe, and Eastern Europe, with distinct subclusters in the highly diverse Eastern European cluster. Modeling of historical scenarios using approximate Bayesian computation revealed the North American cluster was derived from an ancestral population in Eurasia. The Northeastern European subcluster was shown to be ancestral to all other European clusters and subclusters. The Turkish subcluster diverged first, followed by the Central European subcluster, then the Western European cluster, which has subsequently spread to much of the Southern Hemisphere. All clusters and subclusters contained both mating-types of the fungus, indicating the potential for sexual reproduction, although asexual reproduction remained the primary mode of reproduction. The study strongly suggests the native range of D. septosporum to be in Eastern Europe (i.e., the Baltic and Western Russia) and Western Asia.

scholarly journals New data on the spread of the invasive species Dothistroma septosporum (Dorogin) M. Morelet in Belarus

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-158
Author(s):  
L. A. Golovchenko ◽  
N. G. Dishuk ◽  
S. V. Panteleev ◽  
O. Yu. Baranov
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Forest Nurseries ◽  
Dothistroma Needle Blight ◽  
Dothistroma Pini ◽  
Dothistroma Septosporum ◽  
Needle Blight

Red band needle blight, or Dothistroma needle blight is one of the most common and harmful diseases of pine. The causative agents of the disease are pathogenic micromycetes Dothistroma septosporum (Dorogin) M. Morelet and Dothistroma pini Hulbary. Dothistroma needle blight was firstly detected in Belarus in 2012 year, but till now information about this disease in the republic is fragmentary. The article presents the results of a survey of different pine trees, carried out in the period 2016–2020 years in botanical and dendrological gardens, forest nurseries and mini-arboretums at forestry enterprises, urban stands, nurseries of decorative plants, garden centers, for the presence of Dothistroma needle blight. The species identification of the causative agent of the disease was carried out by mycological and molecular genetic methods. In this study, Dothistroma needle blight was revealed on individual trees of Pinus mugo, P. nigra and P. ponderosa in the stands of the Central Botanical Garden of the NAS of Belarus, the dendrological garden of the Glubokoe experimental forestry enterprise, in the nurseries of decorative plants in the Grodno and Minsk regions. In the collected samples of needles, the invasive species Dothistroma septosporum was identified. The frequency of occurrence of the pathogen was 4.8–7.2 %, the proportion of observation sites in which this disease was detected at 60 %. The detection of Dothistroma needle blight on pine trees, mainly on planting material imported from abroad, indicates a transboundary route of D. septosporum entering the country. Analysis of literature data indicates the potential danger of Dothistroma needle blight for pine stands in the republic, which in turn requires the organization of regular monitoring of the disease and the development of methods to limit the spread of D. septosporum in the republic.

scholarly journals Neotypification of Dothistroma septosporum and epitypification of D. pini, causal agents of Dothistroma needle blight of pine

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 388-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Barnes ◽  
A. van der Nest ◽  
M. S. Mullett ◽  
P. W. Crous ◽  
R. Drenkhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dothistroma Needle Blight ◽  
Dothistroma Septosporum ◽  
Needle Blight

scholarly journals Warmer and wetter might not be better

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 484-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. Woods
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Primary Driver ◽  
Dothistroma Needle Blight ◽  
Dothistroma Septosporum ◽  
Needle Blight

As the climate continues to change, gaps in our understanding of how the altered environment will affect forest hosts and their pathogens widen. In some areas pathogens thought to be present for centuries are changing their behaviour. Dothistroma needle blight caused by the fungus Dothistroma septosporum in northwest British Columbia (BC), Canada, is a good example. In this area both the pathogen and the host, lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia), are considered native species, but here Dothistroma has been responsible for killing mature host trees, which is unprecedented. A plausible link between warmer, wetter summers and directional climate change has been suggested as the primary driver. Those environmental conditions appear to be affecting the host/pathogen relationship for other diseases in the neighbouring central interior of BC including comandra blister rust (Cronartium comandrae). Disrupted host/pathogen relationships tend to favour the short-lived more adaptable pathogens rather than their long-lived hosts. These changes in forest health have not been well accounted for in fields of forest science that have been built on stability and predictability.    

scholarly journals Effector identification in the pine pathogen Dothistroma septosporum

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 94-98
Author(s):  
L. Hunziker ◽  
C.H. Mesarich ◽  
R.L. McDougal ◽  
R.E. Bradshaw
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Host Defence ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Bioinformatics Pipeline ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Effector Genes ◽  
Defence Responses ◽  
Dothistroma Needle Blight ◽  
Dothistroma Septosporum ◽  
Needle Blight

Effectors are molecules produced by plantassociated organisms such as fungal pathogens that facilitate infection of specific plant hosts Some effectors directly or indirectly suppress host defence responses while others help to mask the foreign invader from recognition by the plant Plants can also recognise and respond to specific effectors to mount a resistance response Thus the study of effectors is important for an understanding of plantpathogen interactions Dothistroma septosporum causes Dothistroma needle blight (DNB) a conifer disease of worldwide importance In this study effector genes specific to the D septosporumPinus radiata interaction were identified A bioinformatics pipeline was employed to predict effector candidates on the basis of characteristics such as secretion from the fungus and expression in planta Using this pipeline 55 effector candidates for future analysis were identified

Forest health and climate change: A British Columbia perspective

2010 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 412-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex J. Woods ◽  
Don Heppner ◽  
Harry H. Kope ◽  
Jennifer Burleigh ◽  
Lorraine Maclauchlan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Forest Insects ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
The World ◽  
Dothistroma Needle Blight ◽  
Management Recommendations ◽  
Needle Blight

BC’s forests have already faced two simultaneous, globally significant, epidemics linked to climate change; the Dothistroma needle blight epidemic in NW BC and the massive mountain pine beetle epidemic throughout the BC Interior. Building on these experiences, we have compiled our best estimates of how we believe other forest health agents may behave as climate change continues to influence our forests. We have drawn on literature from around the world but have focused on the situation in BC. We have made management recommendations based on what we have seen so far and what we expect to come.Key words: climate change, forest health, forest insects, forest pathogens, forest management, British Columbia

Breeding against dothistroma needle blight of radiata pine in Australia

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1653-1660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miloš Ivković ◽  
Brian Baltunis ◽  
Washington Gapare ◽  
Jo Sasse ◽  
Gregory Dutkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Residual Variance ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Economic Analyses ◽  
Dothistroma Needle Blight ◽  
Pinus Spp ◽  
Needle Blight

Pine needle blight, caused by Dothistroma septosporum (Dorog.) M. Morelet, is one of the most serious foliar diseases of Pinus spp. in Australia and New Zealand. In 16 Pinus radiata (D.Don.) progeny trials in northeastern Victoria, Australia, Dothistroma-caused defoliation varied widely among trials and assessment years, ranging from 5% to 65%. The estimated narrow sense heritability ranged from nonsignificant to as high as 0.69 with a median of 0.36. Spatial autocorrelation of residuals accounted for a significant proportion of residual variance, and that increased heritability estimates. Genetic correlation between defoliation scores at an early age and growth at a later age was negative with a median value of –0.39. Phenotypic correlation between defoliation and survival was low and negative with a median value of –0.11. Economic analyses indicated that at sites with a high risk of infection, the effect of reducing defoliation on profitability was comparable with that of increasing growth at sites free from infection. The genetic parameters and economic impacts of Dothistroma were used to derive selection indices and include resistance to defoliation into the current breeding objective for radiata pine.

scholarly journals Spore Dispersal by Dothistroma septosporum in Northwest British Columbia

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kennedy Boateng ◽  
Kathy J. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Summer Precipitation ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Spore Dispersal ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
Inoculum Sources ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Dothistroma Septosporum ◽  
Needle Blight

We studied spore dispersal by Dothistroma septosporum, causal agent of a serious outbreak of red band needle blight in lodgepole pine plantations in northwest British Columbia. Spore abundance was assessed at different distances and heights from inoculum sources and microclimatic factors were recorded during two consecutive years. Conidia were observed on spore traps from June to September during periods of rainfall. It was rare to detect spores more than 2 m away from inoculum sources. The timing and number of conidia dispersed were strongly tied to the climatic variables, particularly rainfall and leaf wetness. Should the trend toward increased spring and summer precipitation in the study area continue, the results suggest that disease spread and intensification will also increase. Increasing the planting distances between lodgepole pine trees through mixed species plantations and overall reduction in use of lodgepole pine for regeneration in wet areas are the best strategies to reduce the spread of the disease and enhance future productivity of plantations in the study area.

IV.—The Absence of Glacial Phenomena in large Parts of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, Etc

1892 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-64
Author(s):  
Henry H. Howorth
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
New World ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Glacial Period ◽  
Altai Mountains ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
Interesting Area ◽  
Geological Magazine

In some papers which you have done me the favour to print in the GEOLOGICAL MAGAZINE, I have endeavoured to apply a new touchstone to test the age of high mountain chains and of land of high elevation, namely, the presence or absence of distinct and prominent traces of former glaciation, and I have argued that where such traces are not forthcoming in a very unmistakable manner, we are justified in concluding that these highlands have been elevated since the so-called Glacial Period. I have endeavoured to apply the touchstone in question to the Ural and Altai Mountains, to the Thian Shan and Himalaya ranges in Asia, and to the great Cordillera which binds together the two continents forming the New World. I wish to make my survey more complete by an examination of an interesting area comprising Eastern Europe and South Western Asia.

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