scholarly journals Stratification by Sex and Hormone Level When Contrasting Men and Women in Schizophrenia Trials Will Improve Personalized Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 929
Author(s):  
Mary V. Seeman ◽  
Alexandre González-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Small Samples ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Female Hormone ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Epidemiologic Evidence ◽  
Improved Outcomes ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sex And Gender Differences

Background: Sex and gender differences have been reported in the prevalence, expression, treatment response, and outcome of schizophrenia, but most reports are based on relatively small samples that have not been stratified for the impact of sex hormone levels. This literature review aims to show how women’s hormone levels can impact the results of male/female comparisons. Methods: This is a narrative review of data from publications of the last decade. Results: Epidemiologic evidence, reports of the impact of hormones on cognition, results of sexually dimorphic responses to treatment, and male/female trajectories of illness over time all suggest that female hormone fluctuations exert major effects on male/female differences in schizophrenia. Conclusions: Information on hormonal status in women participants is rarely available in clinical studies in schizophrenia, which makes male/female comparisons largely uninterpretable. These are the current challenges. Opportunities for individualized treatment are growing, however, and will undoubtedly result in improved outcomes for both women and men in the future.

scholarly journals Gender-specific aspects of epidemiology, molecular genetics and outcome: lung cancer

ESMO Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (Suppl 4) ◽  
pp. e000796
Author(s):  
Nuria Mederos ◽  
Alex Friedlaender ◽  
Solange Peters ◽  
Alfredo Addeo
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Sex And Gender Differences

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide in women and men. In incidence, lung cancer ranks second, surpassed by breast cancer in women and prostate cancer in men. However, the historical differences in mortality and incidence rate between both sexes have changed in the last years. In the last decades, we have also witnessed an increased number of lung cancer in female never-smokers. These disparities have grown our interest in studying the impact of the gender and sex in the presentation of lung cancer. The aetiology is yet to be fully elucidated, but the data are clear so far: there is a growing divide between lung cancer presentation in women and men that will change our management and study of lung cancer. This article aims to review the sex and gender differences in lung cancer.

Sleep Among Older Adults

2019 ◽  
pp. 139-166
Author(s):  
Katie L. Stone, PhD ◽  
Vicki Li
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Transitions ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Social Environmental Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sex And Gender Differences ◽  
The U.S

As Americans live longer, growth in the number of older adults is unprecedented. In 2014, 14.5% (46.3 million) of the U.S. population was aged 65 or older, and this is projected to reach 23.5% (98 million) by 2060. This chapter focuses on sleep among older adults, defined as at least 65 years old, and includes a discussion on sleep and retirement. The chapter especially discusses variation of sleep and sleep disorders in this age group and associations with frailty and disease and provides a social determinants perspective. Social/environmental factors that impact sleep in older adults include the impact of retirement, caregiving, institutionalization, and other key life transitions. Important sex and gender differences among older adults are also discussed.

scholarly journals Article Commentary: Sex- and Gender-Based Medicine: The Need for Precise Terminology

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 122-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy E. Madsen ◽  
Ghada Bourjeily ◽  
Memoona Hasnain ◽  
Marjorie Jenkins ◽  
Mary F. Morrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Health Professions ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sex And Gender Differences

As our knowledge of sex- and gender-based medicine (SGBM) continues to grow, attention to precision in the use of related terminology is critical. Unfortunately, the terms sex and gender are often used interchangeably and incorrectly, both within and outside of the typical binary construct. On behalf of the Sex and Gender Women's Health Collaborative (SGWHC), a national organization whose mission is the integration of SGBM into research, health professions education, and clinical practice, our objective was to develop recommendations for the accurate use of SGBM terminology in research and clinical practice across medical specialties and across health professions. In addition, we reviewed the origins and evolution of SGBM terminology and described terms used when referring to individuals outside the typical binary categorization of sex and gender. Standardization and precision in the use of sex and gender terminology will lead to a greater understanding and appropriate translation of sex and gender evidence to patient care along with an accurate assessment of the impact sex and gender have on patient outcomes. In addition, it is critical to acknowledge that SGBM terminology will continue to evolve and become more precise as our knowledge of sex and gender differences in health and disease progresses.

scholarly journals Gender-related differences in the impact of tropical diseases on women: what do we know?

1994 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Vlassoff ◽  
Elssy Bonilla
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Tropical Diseases ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sex And Gender Differences

SummaryThis paper explores the importance of gender differences in the impact of tropical diseases on women. Malaria and schistosomiasis are used as examples but most of the observations also apply to other diseases endemic to developing countries. The distinction between sex and gender is discussed and evidence of sex and gender differences in the determinants and consequences of malaria and schistosomiasis, particularly their economic, social and personal dimensions, is reviewed. Issues on which research and intervention studies are needed are identified.

Sex and Gender Differences

2012 ◽  
Vol 220 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Hausmann ◽  
Barbara Schober
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Sex And Gender Differences

scholarly journals Influence of sex and gender on the management of late-stage knee osteoarthritis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Moretti ◽  
A. Spinarelli ◽  
G. Varrassi ◽  
L. Massari ◽  
A. Gigante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Exact Nature ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Physician Practices ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Sex And Gender Differences

Abstract Purpose The exact nature of sex and gender differences in knee osteoarthritis (OA) among patient candidates for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remains unclear and requires better elucidation to guide clinical practice. The purpose of this investigation was to survey physician practices and perceptions about the influence of sex and gender on knee OA presentation, care, and outcomes after TKA. Methods The survey questions were elaborated by a multidisciplinary scientific board composed of 1 pain specialist, 4 orthopedic specialists, 2 physiatrists, and 1 expert in gender medicine. The survey included 5 demographic questions and 20 topic questions. Eligible physician respondents were those who treat patients during all phases of care (pain specialists, orthopedic specialists, and physiatrists). All survey responses were anonymized and handled via remote dispersed geographic participation. Results Fifty-six physicians (71% male) accepted the invitation to complete the survey. In general, healthcare professionals expressed that women presented worse symptomology, higher pain intensity, and lower pain tolerance and necessitated a different pharmacological approach compared to men. Pain and orthopedic specialists were more likely to indicate sex and gender differences in knee OA than physiatrists. Physicians expressed that the absence of sex and gender-specific instruments and indications is an important limitation on available studies. Conclusions Healthcare professionals perceive multiple sex and gender-related differences in patients with knee OA, especially in the pre- and perioperative phases of TKA. Sex and gender bias sensitivity training for physicians can potentially improve the objectivity of care for knee OA among TKA candidates.

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