scholarly journals The Relationship between Risk Perception and Risk Definition and Risk-Addressing Behaviour during the Early COVID-19 Stages

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
Simon Grima ◽  
Bahattin Hamarat ◽  
Ercan Özen ◽  
Alessandra Girlando ◽  
Rebecca Dalli-Gonzi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Partial Least Squares ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Peer Influences ◽  
Fear Level ◽  
Risk Definition

The purpose of this article is to show the effect of Risk Perception RP and Risk Definition RD on the Risk-Addressing Behaviour RB. To carry out this study secondary data was used from a semi-structured survey administered between February and June 2020, a period during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study identified six dimensions of risk perception and thus tested six structural models. Risk perception (ξ RP) is defined as an external latent variable in the study. It is also assumed that the risk perception variable may affect the risk definition variable (η RD). The application software SmartPLS was used to analyse data through exploratory factor analysis and partial least squares structural equation modelling on our research model. To achieve Convergent validity of the structural equation model of partial least squares, three criteria were met. In the study, Discriminant Validity was examined using the Fornell-Larcker criterion and Heterotrain-Monotrait Ratio (HTMT) coefficients. Results reveal that there is no direct relationship between the RB and “religion and beliefs”, the “fear level, the experience”, the “peer influences level” and the “openness”. However, we found a positive relationship between the agreement on “knowledge” and on RB and statistically significant relationships between the agreement on the RD and the agreement on the “religion and beliefs”, the “fear level”, the “experience”, the “knowledge”, the “peer influences level” and the RB. Moreover, there is an indirect relationship when controlling for the agreement on the RD between the agreement on the RB and the agreement on the “fear level”, the “experience”, the “knowledge” and the “peer influences level”. However, there is no relationship between the agreement on the “openness” and the agreement on the RB and a statistically significant but moderate relationship between the agreement on the RD and the agreement on the RB. Although, there seems to be abundant research on RP, so far we have found only a few studies on the influencing factors of RP, as effected by RB and RD, especially in distressed times such as during this current pandemic period of COVID-19. This study adds to body of literature and sheds new light on the interaction between RP, RB and RD in a time of distress. It provides important and original information that may be useful for government agencies, businesses, individuals, and the media when setting policies, governance structures, regulations, procedures and determining how to communicate.

EXAMINING THE PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF A MALAYSIAN RELEVANCE OF SCIENCE EDUCATION (MROSE) QUESTIONNAIRE USING PARTIAL LEAST SQUARES STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING (PLS-SEM)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lay Yoon Fah ◽  
◽  
Ng Khar Thoe ◽  
Khoo Chwee Hoon ◽  
Chan Sane Hwui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Science Education ◽  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Partial Least Squares ◽  
Secondary Students ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Validity And Reliability

This research is aimed to validate an instrument, the Malaysian version of ROSE or MROSE to gauge Malaysian secondary students’ interests, attitudes, values, and priorities in S&T-related issues. Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling approach was used to evaluate the validity and reliability of the instrument. The internal consistency reliability (composite reliability and Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient), convergent validity (Average Variance Extracted), and discriminant validity (cross loadings, Fornell-Larcker criterion, and Heterotrait-Monotrait ratio) for each individual item of the instrument were being assessed. Keywords: affective factor, PLS-SEM, science and technology, relevance of science education (ROSE).

Diseño y validación de la escala Evaluación de los Aprendizajes (EEA)

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-126
Author(s):  
Melany Hebles Ortiz ◽  
Manuel Alonso-Dos-Santos ◽  
Concepción Yaniz Alvarez-de-Eulate ◽  
Lourdes Villardon-Gallego
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Partial Least Squares ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Learning Assessment ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Dimensions Of Learning

Resumen:El objetivo de esta investigación ha sido diseñar y validar un instrumento para evaluar la práctica evaluadora en la enseñanza universitaria desde un enfoque de Evaluación Orientada al Aprendizaje, caracterizado por incorporar las actividades de evaluación como actividades de aprendizaje, implicar a los estudiantes en el proceso y ofrecer retroalimentación con información precisa para orientar cambios hacia la mejora del aprendizaje. Para ello se elaboró la Escala sobre la Evaluación de los Aprendizajes (EEA) y se aplicó a una muestra de 1205 estudiantes de una Universidad Chilena. A partir de los datos recogidos se evaluaron las propiedades psicométricas de la escala propuesta así como su capacidad para reflejar los conceptos teóricos y constructos utilizados. Para el análisis estadístico se empleó el método de mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS, partial least squares) en un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM, structural equation modeling). Los resultados indican que la escala es válida y fiable para medir el proceso de evaluación de los aprendizajes. Se han corroborado la fiabilidad de los ítems y de las dimensiones, y su validez discriminante y convergente. En consecuencia, los resultados de la investigación permiten confirmar el modelo teórico de nueve dimensiones de la Evaluación Orientada al Aprendizaje: coherencia entre objetivos de aprendizaje y evaluación, cobertura, utilización de los resultados, planificación, contenidos, sistematización, agentes, retroalimentación y momentos.Abstract:The goal of this research has been to design and validate an instrument to evaluate the assessment process in higher education from the perspective of a learning-oriented assessment, characterized by incorporating evaluation activities as learning activities, involve students in the process and provide accurate feedback to guide changes towards improving learning. For this, a scale on the Assessment of Learning (EEA, Escala de Evaluación de los Aprendizajes) was developed and applied to a sample of 1205 students of a Chilean university. The psychometric properties of the proposed scale were evaluated as well as its capability to reflect the theoretical concepts and constructs used. For statistical analysis, the method of partial least squares (PLS) was used in a structural equation modeling (SEM). The results show that the scale is valid and reliable to measure the process of learning assessment. Moreover, they have confirmed the reliability of the items, dimensions and discriminant and convergent validity. Consequently, the results of the research can confirm the theoretical model of nine dimensions of learning-oriented assessment: coherence between learning objectives and evaluation, hedging, use of results obtained, planning, contents, systemizing, agents, feedback and moments.

Relationships Among Knowledge Management, Organisational Innovativeness and Performance: Covariance-Based Versus Partial Least-Squares Structural Equation Modelling

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (01) ◽  
pp. 1850008 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Roberto Frega ◽  
Alex Antonio Ferraresi ◽  
Carlos Olavo Quandt ◽  
Claudimar Pereira da Veiga
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Partial Least Squares ◽  
Structural Equation Modelling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Model Stability ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
Path Modelling ◽  
And Performance

The relationships among effective knowledge management (KM), organisational innovativeness (OI), market orientation (MO) and organisational performance (OP) have been explored in the literature. These constructs are generally analysed in pairs, such as the influence of KM on OI, or KM on OP, and other combinations, but the relationships among the full set of constructs in question are not fully understood yet. In the extant literature, the relationships among them are analysed for the most part with covariance-based structural equation modelling (CB-SEM). Partial least-squares (PLS) path modelling is a component-based approach to SEM that is not as widely used as CB-SEM, but it has the potential to allow increased flexibility in handling various modelling problems in comparison with CB models, particularly for predictive and exploratory purposes. This paper aims to verify whether the PLS method could confirm or reject the results of the more restrictive covariance-based method in modelling the relationships among KM, OI, MO and OP. The results indicate that both methods yielded convergent and discriminant validity for the constructs, displaying stability across model analysis and depuration. The PLS model revealed the influence of KM on MO, OI and OP. It also shows that OI is the main driving factor for OP. KM seems to have a direct effect on OP, which is greatly magnified when mediated by OI. The sample size, although borderline adequate for the CB method, was more than adequate for PLS, yielding excellent model stability.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Preventive, Supportive and Awareness Building Measures among International Students in China in Response to COVID-19: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanwne Sarker ◽  
Apurbo Sarkar ◽  
Md. Ghulam Rabbany ◽  
Milon Barmon ◽  
Rana Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
International Students ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Partial Least Squares ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) with its high mortality, stigma and panic has compelled many cities and countries to complete lockdown. The worldwide student group is one of the most affected and vulnerable communities in this situation. Our current study aimed to assess the impact of the behavior change communication among international students in China in current COVID-19 crisis.Methods In this paper, we have utilized partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to understand the health behaviour changes of international students in China in response to novel Coronavirus outbreak. We mainly analyzed the relationship among the three selected latent variables (preventive, supportive and awareness building) based on a survey among the international students (n=467) in China in February 2020. We obtained their valuable responses regarding level of awareness, satisfaction and trust in authorities (i.e., government, local authorities and institutions) during this emergency period. Results We utilized 22 indicators in the conceptual framework model with the help of Smart PLS 2.0 version software. The lowest average variance extracted (AVE) for all the constructs of our paper exceeded the minimum accepted value of 0.5, representing the adequate convergent validity. Prediction of students’ satisfaction, the key outcome degree of the model, was nearly moderate, with an R2 = 0.507 whereas the prediction of trust in authorities was above substantial, with an R2 = 0.797. Therefore, our PLS-SEM model showed a strong and significant positive association between preventive and supportive measures taken for the study population and gaining trust, awareness and satisfaction in authorities. Conclusions Integrated partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) can be a great way to measure the satisfaction and trust level of various population groups over government, local authorities, and institutions in public health emergency like COVID-19 crisis. We believe that our findings are important for travel and global health perspectives. Other countries can learn and take necessary initiatives for their international students and general public to halt this deadly epidemic with gaining their satisfaction and trust as well.

scholarly journals The Impact of Perceived Organizational Support on Organizational Commitment

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-425
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Partial Least Squares ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Perceived Organizational Support ◽  
Path Model ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
The Impact

This study measure the relationship between perceived organizational support and organizational commitment. Data were collected from 100 government employee in Malaysia in a cross-sectional study using survey method. The partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM) version 3.3 was used for data analysis to test on convergent validity. The outcomes of testing hypothesis using Smart Partial Least Squares (Smart PLS) path model analysis reveals two findings, first: supervisor support significantly positive with organizational commitment. Second, co-workers support significantly positive with organizational commitment. Further, theoretical, discussion, implications and conclusion are elaborated

scholarly journals eWOM in C2C Platforms: Combining IAM and Customer Satisfaction to Examine the Impact on Purchase Intention

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1612-1630
Author(s):  
Salvador Bueno ◽  
M. Dolores Gallego
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Partial Least Squares ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Source Credibility ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Argument Quality ◽  
The Impact

This study is focused on communications that come from consumer-to-consumer (C2C) ecommerce relationships. This topic is directly associated with the electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) phenomenon. eWOM is related to the set of positive or negative opinions made by potential, actual, or former customers about a seller. The present study proposes a structural equation modeling with partial least squares (PLS-SEM) research model to analyze consumers’ opinions impact on attitude toward purchasing. This model is based on the Information Adoption Model (IAM) in combination with an ecommerce satisfaction perspective, comprising five constructs: (1) service quality, (2) ecommerce satisfaction, (3) argument quality, (4) source credibility and (5) purchase intention. The model was tested by applying the Smart Partial Least Squares (SmartPLS) software for which 116 effective data from customers of the Taobao C2C platform were used. The findings reveal that all of the defined relationships were supported, confirming the positive impact of all the proposed constructs on the purchase intention. In this respect, the findings suggest that C2C platforms should strengthen the analyzed connections to grow the business and to promote transactions. Finally, implications and limitations related to the explanatory capacity and the sample are identified.

Latent Variable Path Modeling with Partial Least Squares

Technometrics ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles K. Bayne ◽  
Jan-Bernd Lohmöller ◽  
Jan-Bernd Lohmoller
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Partial Least Squares ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Path Modeling ◽  
Latent Variable Path

Estimating Store Brand Shelf Space: A New Framework Using Neural Networks and Partial Least Squares

2009 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Gomez ◽  
Shintaro Okazaki
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Partial Least Squares ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Statistical Treatment ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Store Brand ◽  
Shelf Space ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Space Data

Despite abundant research that examines the effects of store brands on retail decision making, little attention has been paid to the predictive model of store brand shelf space. This paper intends to fill this research gap by proposing and testing a theoretical model of store brand shelf space. From the literature review, 11 independent variables were identified (i.e. store format, reputation, brand assortment, depth of assortment, in-store promotions, leading national brands’ rivalry, retailers’ rivalry, manufacturers’ concentration, store brand market share, advertising, and innovation) and analysed as potential predictors of the dependent variable (i.e. store brand shelf space). Data were collected for 29 product categories in 55 retail stores. In designing the statistical treatment, a three-phase procedure was adopted: (1) interdependence analysis via principal component analysis; (2) dependence analysis via neural network simulation; and (3) structural equation modelling via partial least squares. The findings corroborate our proposed model, in that all hypothesised relationships and directions are supported. On this basis, we draw theoretical as well as managerial implications. In closing, we acknowledge the limitations of this study and suggest future research directions.

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