scholarly journals Co-Management of Protected Areas: A Governance System Analysis of Vatnajökull National Park, Iceland

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 681
Author(s):  
Jon Geir Petursson ◽  
Dadi Mar Kristofersson
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Park ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Governance Systems ◽  
And Performance

Land allocated to protected areas (PA) is expanding as are expectations about the services these areas deliver. There is a need to advance knowledge on PA governance systems, like co-management, recognising that there is no “one-size-fits-all” solution. We analyse the co-management governance system and performance of Vatnajökull National Park (VNP), Iceland. We adapt an analytical framework from the literature on environmental governance and analyse its governance system, hence actor roles, institutional arrangements and interactions. Our findings illustrate that the co-management structure was an outcome of political negotiations and a response to the lack of legitimacy of its predecessors; resulting in a tailor-made governance system set out in park-specific legislation. Although the performance is quite positive, being adaptive to changes, inclusive, promoting rural development and an appreciated facilitator of devolution and power-sharing, it has come with challenges. It has encountered problems delineating responsibilities among its actors, causing conflict and confusion; in settling conflicting localised issues close to local stakeholders, there have been capacity issues. We argue that the VNP co-management system is fit for its purpose, aligned with Icelandic land-use governance structures but in need of systematic improvements. There are important lessons as Iceland seeks to expand its PA estate and beyond, since the global community is setting ambitious policy goals to expand site-based conservation.

scholarly journals INSTITUTIONS AND ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE: THE CASE OF ENVIRONMENTAL PERMITTING FOR OFFSHORE OIL AND GAS PROJECTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
TOMÁS DE OLIVEIRA BREDARIOL ◽  
ALEXANDRE LOUIS DE ALMEIDA D’AVIGNON
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Governance System ◽  
The Public ◽  
Development Framework ◽  
Governance Systems ◽  
Offshore Oil And Gas ◽  
Institutional Analysis And Development ◽  
Offshore Oil

Abstract This work is an effort to link institutions and environmental governance, focusing on the Brazilian offshore oil and gas sector. A case study detailing the experience of an environmental unit of Brazil`s federal environmental agency (Coordenação Geral de Petróleo e Gás, Diretoria de Licenciamento, Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis - CGPEG/DILIC/IBAMA) is used for this purpose. This unit is in charge of handling environmental permits for projects in this area. The methodology follows the institutional analysis and development framework as described by Ostrom (2011). Results reveal an environmental governance system characterized by the lack of policies that complement the issuing of environmental permits. In addition, we describe the institutional environment at CGPEG, demonstrating the existence of trust among its personnel. Finally, our conclusions indicate the importance of ensuring the permanence of the public staff, as well as the need to structure strategic governance systems.

Performance of community-based natural resource governance for the Kafue Flats (Zambia)

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
BIMO A. NKHATA ◽  
CHARLES M. BREEN
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Community Based ◽  
System Perspective ◽  
Resource Governance ◽  
Natural Resource Governance ◽  
Governance Systems ◽  
Practical Experiences

SUMMARYThe performance obstacles surrounding community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) in southern Africa have much to do with understanding of environmental governance systems and how these are devolved. CBNRM appears to be failing because of flawed environmental governance systems compounded by their ineffective devolution. A case study in Zambia is used to illustrate why and how one CBNRM scheme for the most part faltered. It draws on practical experiences involving the devolution of decision-making and benefit-distribution processes on a floodplain wetland known as the Kafue Flats. While this CBNRM scheme was designed to facilitate the devolution of key components of an environmental governance system, the resultant efforts were largely unsuccessful because of the poor social relationships between government actors and local rural communities. It is argued that in Zambia, at least from an environmental governance system perspective, CBNRM has mostly failed. While generally bringing some marginal improvements to local communities, the construction and execution of an effective environmental governance system have been largely flawed.

scholarly journals Can trail characteristics influence visitor numbers in natural protected areas? A quantitative approach to trail choice assessment

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-20
Author(s):  
Kamila Svobodova ◽  
Luis Monteiro ◽  
Jiri Vojar ◽  
Katerina Gdulova
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Natural Protected Areas ◽  
Planning And Management ◽  
Geographic Information System Analysis ◽  
New Research ◽  
Visitor Numbers

Abstract Planning for recreational activities in protected areas involves an understanding of multiple and complex factors. Trails constitute the main recreation facility in protected areas. They are an important and common infrastructure that concentrates visitor movement. Their sustainable planning and management requires an understanding of how the visitors made their selection. The aim of this study was to identify the effect of trail attributes on visitor numbers in the Krkonoše Mountains National Park in the Czech Republic. The methods used in this study present an analytical approach involving geographic information system analysis, field monitoring and data analyses using generalised linear models. The results showed the preferential tendencies among visitors to certain trail attributes. Marginal significance and a rather strong variability in preferences (over 10%) were identified for five trail characteristics: the amount of local attractions; diversity of land cover types; dominant land cover along a trail; soil erosion; and the type of trail surface. In our study, we illustrate an analytical framework for the assessment of trail characteristics that can help guide trail analyses and management efforts. On the other hand, our findings raise new research questions and point to the requirements for further research in order to better understand how environmental attributes influence visitor choice and to use this knowledge for trail planning and management.

Power Dynamics and Corporate Power in Governance Processes: Evidence From U.S. Environmental Governance Systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 027507402110552
Author(s):  
Yuhao Ba
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Corporate Power ◽  
Business Interests ◽  
Social Ecological Systems ◽  
Governance Systems ◽  
Governance Processes ◽  
Corporate Business

Prior research has documented involvement of government and civil society actors in governance processes, but has largely neglected a key player: corporate business interests. Combining insights from social-ecological systems, organizational systems theory, theories of governance and power, interest group rule-making participation, and non-state alternative environmental governance, we examine corporate involvement and power in environmental governance systems. Drawing on a sample of Twitter messages about fuel economy standards, posted between 2012 and 2020, we offer a sector-level discourse analysis of corporate power and its interaction with the sociopolitical environment. The results suggest that business interests are gaining increasing power in the participation arena of U.S. fuel economy governance processes. The results likewise indicate corporations’ response to a changing political landscape in the U.S. Taken together, our analysis advances current scholarship on power dynamics in governance processes and on empirical assessment of power, offering implications for governance system design and implementation.

A framework for analyzing and practicing Integrative Governance: The case of global animal and conservation governance

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 1391-1414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid J Visseren-Hamakers
Keyword(s):  
Animal Rights ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Governance Framework ◽  
Governance Systems ◽  
Conservation Governance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Governance Instruments

This article presents a framework to analyze and practice Integrative Governance, defined as the theories and practices that focus on the relationships between governance instruments and/or systems. The need to pay explicit attention to such relationships is increasingly recognized, especially in achieving the transformative change needed for sustainable development. The Integrative Governance framework focuses on explanatory analyses of the relationships and performance of governance instruments and/or systems, and is inspired by a pragmatic theoretical perspective. It includes three steps of analysis, with the first focused on the governance instruments and the relationships between them, the second on the combined performance of governance systems, and the third on explanations for the relationships and performance. Especially for this third step, insights from different theoretical perspectives are used, incorporating insights from rational choice theory, institutionalism, constructivism and critical theory. The application of the framework is illustrated by the example of the global animal and conservation governance systems. The preliminary analysis shows that the global conservation governance system is relatively more developed than the global animal governance system. The latter is mainly focused on animal health, with fewer instruments on welfare, and none on animal rights. The former includes more governance instruments and has some systems in place for monitoring implementation. The performance of both systems however remains limited, and there are few interactions between the systems. Main explanations include the interests of countries involved in the governance systems, the dominant anthropocentric discourses, and the current mostly animal-unfriendly and unsustainable political economy. Applying the Integrative Governance framework enables an enhanced understanding of the multiple and intertwined explanations of the relationships and performance of governance systems, allowing academics and practitioners to develop more realistic, durable solutions both in the shorter and longer term.

scholarly journals A conservação da biodiversidade na Amazônia e a Governança Transnacional Ambiental: o Programa Áreas Protegidas da Amazônia (ARPA) e a experiência local com o Parque Nacional do Cabo Orange (PNCO) / Biodiversity conservation in the Amazon and Transnational Environmental Governance: the Amazon Region Protected Areas Program (ARPA) and the local experience with the Cabo Orange National Park (CONP)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-445
Author(s):  
Márcia Rodrigues Bertoldi ◽  
Ádria Tabata De Moraes Damasceno
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Park ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
International Solidarity ◽  
Local Experience ◽  
Global Initiative

ResumoO presente artigo tem o objetivo de analisar o Programa de Áreas Protegidas da Amazônia (ARPA) como plano de iniciativa global que visa atender a conservação e uso sustentável da biodiversidade conforme o objetivo ambiental da Convenção sobre a Diversidade Biológica de 1992. Em especial, analisa-se a unidade de conservação Parque Nacional do Cabo Orange (PNCO), atendida pelo ARPA que possui um sistema de gestão fundado na governança transnacional ambiental. Para isso, a pesquisa é elaborada utilizando o método dedutivo, o caráter qualitativo e emprega o procedimento bibliográfico-documental para seu desenvolvimento. Dessa forma, seguindo o ideal de governança transnacional em prol da proteção e conservação da biodiversidade no bioma amazônico através do Programa ARPA, com consolidação na gestão local no PNCO, é possível refletir que a participação de diferentes atores sociais (nacionais e internacionais) em unidades de conservação e, sobretudo, o  financiamento de projetos, favorecem a cooperação repousada na solidariedade e responsabilidade comum para a salvaguarda de um bem comum.Palavras-chave: Conservação e Utilização Sustentável da biodiversidade. Governança Transnacional Ambiental. ARPA. PNCO. Princípio Responsabilidade. Solidariedade Internacional. AbstractThis article aims to analyze the Amazon Region Protected Areas Program (ARPA) as a global initiative plan that aims to meet the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity according to the environmental objective of the 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity. In particular, it is analyzed the Cabo Orange National Park conservation unit, which is served by ARPA, that has a management system based on transnational environmental governance. For that, the research is elaborated using the deductive method, the qualitative character, and it uses the bibliographic-documental procedure for its development. Thus, following the ideal of transnational governance for the protection and conservation of biodiversity in the Amazon biome through the ARPA Program, with consolidation of the local management in the CONP, it is possible to reflect that the participation of different social actors (national and international) in units conservation and, above all, the financing of projects favor cooperation based on solidarity and common responsibility to safeguard a common good.Keywords: Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity. Transnational Environmental Governance. ARPA. CONP. Principle of Responsibility. International Solidarity.

Marine Protected Areas: A Governance System Analysis

Human Ecology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 611-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svein Jentoft ◽  
Thijs C. van Son ◽  
Maiken Bjørkan
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Governance System

Global Governance

2018 ◽  
pp. 768-790
Author(s):  
Helmut K. Anheier
Keyword(s):  
Global Governance ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Specific Nature ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Governance Systems ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Globalized World

This chapter puts the topic of global governance in the context of governance and governance systems more generally. Although global governance has many special features and is indeed the most complex and also a frequently contested governance system, it nonetheless shares many basic principles and performance criteria with other forms of managing public problems, be they at the national or the local level or designed for one policy field or another. Global governance is set apart by the legitimacy of international or supranational government given the growing interdependence of formally sovereign nation-states; the institutionalization of measures for global problem-solving, especially regarding the challenges of transgressions and voids; and the specific nature of innovation in a system yet to gain levels of capacity and readiness to cope with the task of managing a globalized world. This chapter addresses these and related issues of global governance in turn.

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