Using Neural Networks for Bicycle Route Planning

This paper presents the usage of artificial neural networks (NNs) in bicycle route planning. This research aimed to check the possibility of NNs to transfer human expertise in bicycle route design by training the NN on an already established set of bicycle routes and then using the trained NN to design the routes on the novel area. We created two NNs capable of choosing the best route among the given road network by training them on two different areas. The bicycle routes produced by NNs were the same at best and had 75% overlap at the worst compared to those produced by human experts. Furthermore, the mean square error for all of our NN models varied from 0.015 and 0.081. We compared this new approach to the traditional multicriteria GIS (geographic information system) analysis (MA) that requires the human expert to define the bicycle route selection criteria. The benefit of using NN over the MA was that the NN directly transfers the human expertise to a model. In contrast, the MA needs the expert to select multiple criteria and adjust their weights carefully.

A Step-by-Step Guide for Automated Plant Canopy Delineation Using Deep Learning: An Example in Strawberry Using ArcGIS Pro Software

This publication presents a guide to image analysis for researchers and farm managers who use ArcGIS software. Anyone with basic geographic information system analysis skills may follow along with the demonstration and learn to implement the Mask Region Convolutional Neural Networks model, a widely used model for object detection, to delineate strawberry canopies using ArcGIS Pro Image Analyst Extension in a simple workflow. This process is useful for precision agriculture management.

Evaluasi Kebijakan Spasial Perlindungan Lahan Pertanian Pangan Berkelanjutan di Kecamatan Kaliwungu Kabupaten Kendal

This article aims to evaluate the policy of protecting sustainable food agriculture in Kaliwungu District, Kendal Regency. Kaliwungu Subdistrict was chosen as the research location, because the rate of conversion of agricultural land to non-agricultural functions was the highest. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The data analysis technique used is the results of the GIS (Geographic Information System) analysis to view the land use map from 2011-2017, which will then be analyzed and evaluated the policy of protecting sustainable agricultural land for food, with observational data and documentation. The results showed that there was a change in land use in Kaliwungu District from 2011-2017 amounting to 166.06 Ha. Evaluation of policies for the protection of sustainable food agriculture land in Kaliwungu District, shows that there is a difference in the distribution of the designation of sustainable food agriculture between the Kendal Regency Regional Regulation Number 13 of 2013 and the Kendal Regency Regional Regulation Number 20 of 2011, while the development, research, utilization, guidance, control, transfer of functions, information systems, protection and empowerment of farmers, financing, community participation and supervision in the framework of protecting sustainable agricultural food land have not been implemented. Researchers recommend that the socialization, cooperation between agencies and the implementation of activities to protect sustainable agricultural land should be carried out quickly, carefully and precisely in order to achieve food security in Kaliwungu District in particular and Indonesia in general.

KONSENTRASI DAERAH PERHOTELAN DI KAWASAN DANAU TOBA

In today's modern world, the number of hotels and other accommodations is increasing in Indonesia in general and in the province of North Sumatra in particular. The same situation also occurs in the Toba lake region which covers seven districts surrounding Toba lake with a number of hotels that vary in each district. This study aims to analyze the possibility of classification of the hospitality area concentration in the Toba lake region and analyze the shift in the classification of the hospitality area concentration in the Toba lake region. Panel data used will be analyzed using the method of classification analysis of the hospitality area concentration in the Toba lake region. Then it will be assisted by geographic information system analysis as a visualization tool for maps of hospitality areas in the Toba lake region. This research shows that the Toba lake region consists of two classifications, namely: the classification of the main area of hospitality that cover three district and tthe non-concentration classification of hospitality areas that includes four districts. During the study period, the shift in the classification of the hospitality area concentration were not found in the Toba lake region. Keywords : Geographic Information System 1, Hospitality Area Concentration 2

MEDIEVAL COMMERCIAL SITES: AS SEEN THROUGH PORTABLE ANTIQUITIES SCHEME DATA

This paper explores some 220,000 medieval objects recorded in the Portable Antiquities Scheme (PAS) online database of archaeological small finds through Geographic Information System analysis of their relationship with contemporary market sites. First, an overview of the contents of the PAS database is presented in terms of its spatial and ‘object type’ distribution. Second, the relationship of the medieval finds data against documentary evidence of commercial activity is investigated at a national level. Finally, PAS data is contextualised in its historical landscape context through case studies. It is argued that the distribution of PAS finds on the national scale can be linked with patterns of commercial activity, and that while rural and urban finds scatters have distinguishing trends, the countryside population enjoyed access to a range of sophisticated metalwork culture; also, that certain assemblages can be analysed statistically to yield new data and perspectives on local historical development.

Potensi Pantai Panrangluhung di Bira Kabupaten Bulukumba sebagai Destinasi Wisata

This study aims to identify the characteristics of tourism in Panrangluhung Beach, Bira Village, Bontobahari District, Bulukumba Regency, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Data collection techniques by survey, documentation and observation. This study employs spatial analysis and snowball sampling to analyze and collect data on the distribution of accommodation, attractions and tourist attractions at the study site. As for data visualization, geographic information system analysis is then performed with the existing data overlay method. The results show that the Panrangluhung beach area as a typology of marine tourism attraction with a coastline of 1,650 meters and cultural tourism at the center of phinisi shipbuilding. Recommendations from this study are to revitalize the 45-meter long coastal area in the southern part of the study site, including: the installation of a sign system and directing beach cleanliness.

Access to care and outcomes for noncurative esophagogastric cancer: A population-based geographic study.

284 Background: Esophagogastric cancer (EGC) carries a heavy mortality burden owing largely to high rates of unresectable disease at diagnosis. Among patients not undergoing curative-intent therapy, access to care may vary. We examined the geographic distribution of care delivery and survival across a jurisdiction, and its relationship with distance to cancer centres (CCs), for non-curative EGC. Methods: We conducted a population-based analysis of adults with non-curative EGC from 2005-2017 using linked administrative healthcare datasets in Ontario, Canada. Outcomes were medical oncology consultation, receipt of chemotherapy, and overall survival (OS). We used geographic information system analysis to map locations of CCs and outcomes across census divisions. Regions of discordance between care use and OS were identified with bivariate choropleth maps. Multivariable modified Poisson models assessed the relationship between distance to the nearest CC and outcomes, adjusting for demographic, clinical, and socioeconomic factors. Results: Of 10,228 patients surviving a median of 5.1 months (IQR: 2.0-12.0), 68.6% had medical oncology consultation and 32.2% received chemotherapy. Regions of comparable OS and care delivery were clustered throughout the province. CCs were distributed unevenly, with higher levels in Southern Ontario. Higher-level CCs clustered in regions with higher rates of consultation, chemotherapy use, and OS. Each increment in distance from location of residence to the nearest CC (11-50, 51-100, and ≥101 km) was associated with lower likelihood of seeing medical oncology and receiving chemotherapy, and inferior OS, compared to ≤10 km. Conclusions: A third of patients with non-curative EGC did not see medical oncology, and the majority did not receive chemotherapy. Care delivery and OS exhibited high geographic variability. Location of residence influenced access to care and OS, with inferior outcomes for those living further from a CC. These findings are important for designing interventions and policies to reduce disparities in access to care and outcomes for non-curative EGC.

Proximity of Gun Stores to High Schools and Student Gun Carrying

Although research has examined various correlates of weapon and gun carrying at school and among adolescents, it has yet to consider the relationship between gun stores around schools and the carrying of guns at school. This study uses data from the 2015–2016 California Healthy Kids Survey, the California Department of Education, and geocoded data on public high schools and gun stores in Orange County, California, to examine the association between proximity of gun stores to schools and the carrying of guns by high school students. Using geographic information system analysis and hierarchical logistic regression, results indicate that the proximity of gun stores to schools is significantly associated with self-reported gun carrying at school. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.

Channel characteristics and planform dynamics of the lower Niger River, Niger Delta Basin (1985–2015)

This study used repeat satellite imagery and Geographic Information System analysis to assess the plan-form dynamics along the length of the lower Niger River Valley from Onitsha city to the coast between 1985 and 2015. The aim is to understand the altered dynamics and its plausible causes in this data-poor region. Analyses revealed that the Niger River has undergone change corresponding to enhanced instability in terms of an increased rate of erosion. In the study area, a change was observed from 3.7% of deposition in the first 10 years (1985–1995) to 3.9% of erosion in the next 10 years (1995–2005) and 4.7% of erosion in the last 10 years (2005–2015). Total erosion over the 30-year period (1985–2015) in the delta was calculated on 4.8%. The river channel has migrated toward the east in the upper and lower reaches while the mid-section of the channel is migrating towards the west. The east river bank is observed to be more unstable compared to west bank line through the study period. The maximum shifts identified were 3.35 km of deposition in 10 years (1985–1995), 3.31 km of erosion in the next 10 years (1995–2005), and another substantial erosional shift of 3.35 km in the next 10 years (2005–2015). Avulsion rates gradually moved from −42.1 m ∙ year−1 (1985–2005, segment F) to 100.2 m ∙ year−1 (1985–1995, segment D), large deposition in the first 10 years. Total avulsion rates of the delta in the last 30 years (1985–2015) has pointed on erosion (−2.2 m ∙ year−1). The altered dynamics observed would likely threaten the future of the frag-ile lower river system environment and raise concerns for operators with infrastructure within the Niger Delta.