scholarly journals Long-Term Variability in Ground Thermal State in Central Yakutia’s Tuymaada Valley

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1231
Author(s):  
Stepan Prokopievich Varlamov ◽  
Yuri Borisovich Skachkov ◽  
Pavel Nikolaevich Skryabin
Keyword(s):  
Active Layer ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Thermal State ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Ground Temperature ◽  
Active Layer Thickness ◽  
Lena River ◽  
The North ◽  
Term Data

This paper presents the results of long-term temperature monitoring at the Yakutsk and Zeleny Lug stations, which are experimental sites, for the thermal state of valley permafrost landscapes under the conditions of modern climate warming. An analysis of the long-term data from meteorological stations in the region clearly showed one of the highest trends of increase in the mean annual air temperature in the north of Russia. Here, we established quantitative regularities in the long-term variability of the ground temperature at the bottom of the active layer and at zero amplitude. The dynamics of the ground temperature of the layer of zero amplitude during climate warming indicate the thermal stability of permafrost. The main regulating factor of the thermal state of grounds in permafrost landscapes is short-term fluctuations in the regime of snow accumulation. Active layer thickness is characterized by low interannual variability, weak climate warming responses, and insignificant trends. The results of studies of the thermal regime of soils can be extended to the same types of valley landscapes in the Lena River, and are a reliable basis for predicting heat transfer in natural and disturbed landscapes.

Evolution of the thermal state of permafrost under climate warming in Central Yakutia

The Holocene ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1401-1410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stepan P Varlamov ◽  
Yuri B Skachkov ◽  
Pavel N Skryabin
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchange ◽  
Active Layer ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Thermal State ◽  
Thermal Response ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
Exchange Layer ◽  
Central Yakutia

The relevance of the problem under review is explained by the need to study the thermal response of permafrost to the modern climate change. Evolution of the thermal state of grounds has been studied with a view to evaluate the effects of modern climate warming on permafrost in Central Yakutia. The leading method to study this problem is the arrangement and performance of long-term monitoring observations of the permafrost thermal state that enable quantitative evaluation of the thermal response of upper permafrost layers to climatic fluctuations of recent decades. The analysis of long-term records from weather stations in the region has clearly revealed one of the highest increasing trends in the mean annual air temperature in northern Russia. Quantitative relationships in the long-term variability of ground thermal parameters, such as ground temperature at the bottom of the active layer, at the bottom of the annual heat exchange layer, and active thaw depth, have been established. The thermal state dynamics of the annual heat exchange layer under climate warming indicates that both warm and cold permafrost are thermally stable. Short-term variability of the snow accumulation regime is the main factor controlling the thermal state of the ground in permafrost landscapes. The active-layer thickness is characterized by low interannual variability and exhibits little response to climate warming, with no statistically meaningful increasing or decreasing trend. The results of ground thermal monitoring can be extended to similar landscapes in the region, providing a reliable basis for predicting heat transfer in natural landscapes.

scholarly journals Permafrost, active layer and meteorological data (2010–2020) from a relict permafrost site at Mahan Mountain, Northeast of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonghua Wu ◽  
Changwei Xie ◽  
Xiaofan Zhu ◽  
Jie Chen ◽  
Wu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Active Layer ◽  
Thermal State ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Water Vapor Pressure ◽  
Ground Temperature ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau

Abstract. Relict permafrost presents an ideal opportunity to understand the impacts of climatic warming on the ground thermal regime since it is characterized by mean annual ground temperature close to 0 °C and relatively thin permafrost. The long-term and continuous observations of permafrost thermal state and climate background are of great importance to reveal the links between the energy balance on hourly to annual timescales, to evaluate the variations of permafrost thermal state over multi-annual periods and to validate the remote sensing dataset. Until now there are few data available in relict permafrost regions although those data are important to understand the impacts of climate changes on permafrost especially in the boundary regions between permafrost and seasonally frozen ground regions. In this study, we present 11 years of meteorological and soil data in a relict permafrost site of the Mahan Mountain on the northeast of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The meteorological data are comprised of air and ground surface temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction, shortwave and longwave downward and upward radiation, water vapor pressure, and precipitation on half-an-hour timescale. The active layer data include daily soil temperature and soil moisture at five different depths. The permafrost data consist of ground temperature at twenty different depths up to 28.4 m. The high-quality and long-term datasets are expected to serve as accurate forcing data in land surface models and evaluate remote-sensing products for a broader geoscientific community. The datasets are available from the National Tibetan Plateau/Third Pole Environment Data Center (https://doi.org/10.11888/Cryos.tpdc.271838, Wu and Xie, 2021).

scholarly journals Influence of Climate Change on the Thermal Condition of Yakutia’s Permafrost Landscapes (Chabyda Station)

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stepan P Varlamov ◽  
Yuri B Skachkov ◽  
Pavel N Skryabin
Keyword(s):  
Thermal State ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Ground Temperature ◽  
Thermal Monitoring ◽  
Thaw Depth ◽  
Landscape Units ◽  
Northern Russia ◽  
Increasing Trends ◽  
Main Factor

This paper presents the results of 39 years of observations conducted at the Chabyda station to monitor the thermal state of permafrost landscapes under current climatic warming. The analysis of long-term records from weather stations in the region has revealed one of the highest increasing trends in mean annual air temperature in northern Russia. The partitioning of the energy balance in different landscape units within the study area has been analyzed. Quantitative relationships in the long-term variability of ground thermal parameters, such as the ground temperature at the bottom of the active layer and seasonal thaw depth, have been established. The ground temperature dynamics within the depth of zero annual amplitude indicates that both warm and cold permafrost are thermally stable. The short-term variability of the snow accumulation regime is the main factor controlling the thermal state of the ground in permafrost landscapes. The depth of seasonal thaw is characterized by low interannual variability and exhibits little response to climate warming, with no statistically significant increasing or decreasing trend. The results of the ground thermal monitoring can be extended to similar landscapes in the region, providing a reliable basis for predicting heat transfer in natural, undisturbed landscapes.

Permafrost and active layer research on James Ross Island: An overview

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Hrbáček ◽  
Daniel Nývlt ◽  
Kamil Láska ◽  
Michaela Kňažková ◽  
Barbora Kampová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Active Layer ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Thermal Regime ◽  
Ground Temperature ◽  
Active Layer Thickness ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
James Ross Island ◽  
The Mean

This study summarizes the current state of the active layer and permafrost research on James Ross Island. The analysis of climate parameters covers the reference period 2011–2017. The mean annual air temperature at the AWS-JGM site was -6.9°C (ranged from -3.9°C to -8.2°C). The mean annual ground temperature at the depth of 5 cm was -5.5°C (ranged from -3.3°C to -6.7°C) and it also reached -5.6°C (ranged from -4.0 to -6.8°C) at the depth of 50 cm. The mean daily ground temperature at the depth of 5 cm correlated moderately up to strongly with the air temperature depending on the season of the year. Analysis of the snow effect on the ground thermal regime confirmed a low insulating effect of snow cover when snow thickness reached up to 50 cm. A thicker snow accumulation, reaching at least 70 cm, can develop around the hyaloclastite breccia boulders where a well pronounced insulation effect on the near-surface ground thermal regime was observed. The effect of lithology on the ground physical properties and the active layer thickness was also investigated. Laboratory analysis of ground thermal properties showed variation in thermal conductivity (0.3 to 0.9 W m-1 K-1). The thickest active layer (89 cm) was observed on the Berry Hill slopes site, where the lowest thawing degree days index (321 to 382°C·day) and the highest value of thermal conductivity (0.9 W m-1 K-1) was observed. The clearest influence of lithological conditions on active layer thickness was observed on the CALM-S grid. The site comprises a sandy Holocene marine terrace and muddy sand of the Whisky Bay Formation. Surveying using a manual probe, ground penetrating radar, and an electromagnetic conductivity meter clearly showed the effect of the lithological boundary on local variability of the active layer thickness.

Winter streamflow, ground temperature and active-layer thickness in Northeast China

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingshi Liu ◽  
Norio Hayakawa ◽  
Mingjiao Lu ◽  
Shuhua Dong ◽  
Jinying Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Active Layer ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Ground Temperature ◽  
Active Layer Thickness

scholarly journals Water tracks in the lower Lena River basin

2020 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. 04007
Author(s):  
Anna Tarbeeva ◽  
Lyudmila Lebedeva ◽  
Vladimir Efremov ◽  
Vladimir Shamov ◽  
Olga Makarieva
Keyword(s):  
Active Layer ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Lena River ◽  
The North ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
North Western ◽  
Cryogenic Processes ◽  
Permafrost Regions

In the permafrost regions, where water filtration zone is limited by the shallow active layer, the surface flow forms a network of hollows, called «water tracks», oriented along the slope gradient. Water tracks are clearly distinguished on satellite images, but poorly defined in the field. The pattern of the water tracks network depends on geomorphological position, permafrost and geological conditions and dominant cryogenic processes. Surface flow could occur in the water tracks during the snowmelt and heavy rains, when the soil is entirely frozen or fully saturated by water. In dry periods, the water tracks form retention zones due to low filtration rates and significant capacity of thawed soil beneath the troughs. Our study of water tracks in the north-western Yakutia showed the changes of their morphology from upstream towards downstream. The water levels in the water tracks have a pronounced diurnal course in reverse phase to the water temperature variation. They are related to diurnal ground thawing dynamics. Hydrology of water tracks depends on the peat thickness, active layer properties and lithology. Water tracks formed by rubble rocks respond to a storm event with rapidly increasing water level. The deeper thawing layer, the smoother water levels rise and decrease.

Contrasting thermal responses of permafrost to winter warming events under different snow regimes in the subarctic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didac Pascual Descarrega ◽  
Margareta Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Active Layer ◽  
Snow Depth ◽  
Thermal Response ◽  
Winter Precipitation ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Active Layer Thickness ◽  
Thermal Dynamics ◽  
Winter Warming

<p>Winter warming events (WWE) in the Swedish subarctic are abrupt and short-lasting (hours-to-days) events of positive air temperature that occur during wintertime, sometimes accompanied by rainfall (rain on snow; ROS). These events cause changes in snow properties, which affect the below-ground thermal regime that, in turn, controls a suite of ecosystem processes ranging from microbial activity to permafrost and vegetation dynamics. For instance, winter melting can cause ground warming due to the shortening of the snow cover season, or ground cooling as the reduced snow depth and the formation of refrozen layers of high thermal conductivity at the base of the snowpack facilitate the release of soil heat. Apart from these interacting processes, the overall impacts of WWE on ground temperatures may also depend on the timing of the events and the preceding snowpack characteristics. The frequency and intensity of these events in the Arctic, including the Swedish subarctic, has increased remarkably during the recent decades, and is expected to increase even further during the 21st Century. In addition, snow depth (not necessarily snow duration) is projected to increase in many parts of the Arctic, including the Swedish subarctic. In 2005, a manipulation experiment was set up on a lowland permafrost mire in the Swedish subarctic, to simulate projected future increases in winter precipitation. In this study, we analyse this 15-year record of ground temperature, active layer thickness, and meteorological variables, to evaluate the short- (days to weeks) and long-term (up to 1 year) impacts of WWE on the thermal dynamics of lowland permafrost, and provide new insights into the influence of the timing of WWE and the underlying snowpack conditions on the thermal response of permafrost. On the short-term, the thermal responses to WWE are faster and stronger in areas with a shallow snowpack (5-10 cm), although these responses are more persistent in areas with a thicker snowpack (>25 cm), especially after ROS events. On the long term, permafrost in areas with a thicker snowpack exhibit a more durable warming response to WWE that results in thicker active layers at the end of the season. On the contrary, we do not observe a correlation between WWE and end of season active layer thickness in areas with a shallow snowpack. </p>

Maps of Active Layer Thickness on the North Slope of Alaska by Upscaling P-Band Polarimetric SAR Retrievals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Whitcomb ◽  
Richard Chen ◽  
Daniel Clewley ◽  
Yonghong Yi ◽  
John Kimball ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Active Layer ◽  
North Slope ◽  
Active Layer Thickness ◽  
Polarimetric Sar ◽  
The North ◽  
North Slope Of Alaska
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