scholarly journals Phloretin Ameliorates Testosterone-Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rats by Regulating the Inflammatory Response, Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 743
Author(s):  
Chao Yu Hsu ◽  
Yi Sheng Lin ◽  
Wei Chun Weng ◽  
Lauren Panny ◽  
Hsiang Lai Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase ◽  
Body Weight Ratio ◽  
Proliferative Cell Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Prostate Weight ◽  
Prostatic Enlargement ◽  
Inflammatory Proteins ◽  
Proliferative Cell

The inflammatory process is proposed to be one of the factors to benign prostatic enlargement (BPH), and this is the first study examining the anti-inflammatory ability of phloretin in treating rats with testosterone-induced BPH. BPH would be induced by testosterone (10 mg/kg/day testosterone subcutaneously for 28 days), and the other groups of rats were treated with phloretin 50 mg/kg/day or 100 mg/kg/day orally (phr50 or phr100 group) after induction. Prostate weight and prostate weight to body weight ratio were significantly reduced in the Phr100 group. Reduced dihydrotestosterone without interfering with 5α-reductase was observed in the phr100 group. In inflammatory proteins, reduced IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, NF-κB, and COX-2 were seen in the phr100 group. In reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde was reduced, and superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were elevated in the phr100 group. In apoptotic assessment, elevated cleaved caspase-3 was observed in rats of the phr100 group. Enhanced pro-apoptotic Bax and reduced anti-apoptotic Bc1-2 could be seen in the phr100 group. In histological stains, markedly decreased glandular hyperplasia and proliferative cell nuclear antigen were observed with reduced expression in the phr100 group. Meanwhile, positive cells of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling were increased in the phr100 group. In conclusion, the treatment of phloretin 100 mg/kg/day could ameliorate testosterone-induced BPH.

scholarly journals Aldose Reductase Regulates Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation by Modulating G1/S Phase Transition of Cell Cycle

Endocrinology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 151 (5) ◽  
pp. 2140-2150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravinder Tammali ◽  
Ashish Saxena ◽  
Satish K. Srivastava ◽  
Kota V. Ramana
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Vascular Smooth Muscle ◽  
Aldose Reductase ◽  
S Phase ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Proliferative Cell Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Vsmc Proliferation ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Proliferative Cell

Abnormal proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) is a key feature of development of cardiovascular complications, atherosclerosis, and restenosis. Patients with diabetes have higher risk for restenosis after coronary angioplasty than nondiabetic patients due to hyperglycemia-induced release of cytokines such as TNF-α. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating VSMC proliferation remain unclear. Herein, we report that inhibition of the polyol pathway enzyme aldose reductase (AR) prevents high glucose (HG)- and/or TNF-α-induced VSMC proliferation by accumulating cells at the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Treatment of VSMC with AR inhibitor sorbinil prevented HG- as well as TNF-α-induced phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein and activation of E2F-1. Inhibition of AR also prevented HG- and TNF-α-induced phosphorylation of cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk)-2 and expression of G1/S transition regulatory proteins such as cyclin D1, cyclin E, cdk-4, c-myc, and proliferative cell nuclear antigen. More importantly, inhibition of AR prevented the increased expression of E2F-1 and proliferative cell nuclear antigen in diabetic rat aorta. Treatment of VSMC with the most abundant and toxic lipid aldehyde 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal (HNE) or its glutathione conjugate [glutathionyl (GS)-HNE] or AR-catalyzed product of GS-HNE, GS-1,4-dihydroxynonane, resulted in increased E2F-1 expression. Inhibition of AR prevented HNE- or GS-HNE-induced but not GS-1,4-dihydroxynonane-induced up-regulation of E2F-1. Collectively, these results show that AR could regulate HG- and TNF-α-induced VSMC proliferation by altering the activation of G1/S-phase proteins such as E2F-1, cdks, and cyclins. Thus, inhibition of AR may be a useful therapeutic approach in preventing vascular complications.

scholarly journals Bioassay-Guided Isolation of Cytotoxic Cycloartane Triterpenoid Glycosides from the Traditionally Used Medicinal PlantLeea indica

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yau Hsiung Wong ◽  
Habsah Abdul Kadir ◽  
Sui Kiong Ling
Keyword(s):  
Selectivity Index ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Proliferative Cell Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Anticancer Effects ◽  
Cervical Cancer Cells ◽  
Cytotoxic Compounds ◽  
G1 Cells ◽  
Triterpenoid Glycosides ◽  
Leea Indica ◽  
Proliferative Cell

Leea indicais a medicinal plant used traditionally to cure cancer. In this study, the cytotoxic compounds ofL. indicawere isolated using bioassay-guided approach. Two cycloartane triterpenoid glycosides, mollic acid arabinoside (MAA) and mollic acid xyloside (MAX), were firstly isolated fromL. indica. They inhibited the growth of Ca Ski cervical cancer cells with IC50of 19.21 μM (MAA) and 33.33 μM (MAX). MRC5 normal cell line was used to calculate selectivity index. MAA and MAX were about 8 and 4 times more cytotoxic to Ca Ski cells compared to MRC5. The cytotoxicity of MAA was characterized by both cytostatic and cytocidal effects. MAA decreased the expression of proliferative cell nuclear antigen, increased sub-G1 cells, and arrested cells in S and G2/M phases. This study provides the evidence for the ethnomedicinal use ofL. indicaand paves the way for future mechanism studies on the anticancer effects of MAA.

scholarly journals Proliferative Activity of Myoepithelial Cells in of Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (A) ◽  
pp. 451-454
Author(s):  
Faisal Mehsen Alali ◽  
Bassel Tarakji ◽  
Nasser Raqe Alqhtani ◽  
Abdullah Bin Nabhan ◽  
Ali Alrafedah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma ◽  
Proliferative Activity ◽  
Myoepithelial Cells ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Muscle Actin ◽  
Proliferative Cell Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Double Immunohistochemical Staining ◽  
Proliferative Cell

AIM: The aim of the study is to investigate the role of myoepithelial cells in the pathogenesis of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) using the double immunohistochemical staining; α _smooth muscle actin (_α-SMA)as specific marker for the myoepithelial cell differentiation and proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) as a marker for proliferative activity of myoepithelial cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study of twenty salivary gland specimens (ten MEC and ten normal salivary glands) were studied using double immunohistochemical labeling for α _smooth muscle actin α-SMA) and proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). The SPSS statistical package was used for data analysis (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20.0, Released 2011, IBM Corp, and Armonk, NY, USA). RESULTS: In mucoepidermoid carcinomas, no positivity of α-SMA was seen in neoplastic cells (Frequent test), and it was just observed in the stroma of tumor, in the walls of blood vessels whereas, PCNA was positive, especially in high-grade tumors. In contrast, in normal salivary glands, the proliferating myoepithelial cells are stained by both α-SMA and PCNA. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that the myoepithelial cells have no a role in the development of mucoepidermoid carcinoma.

scholarly journals Auricular chondritis in young ear-tagged Crj:CD(SD)IGS rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kitagaki ◽  
T. Suwa ◽  
M. Yanagi ◽  
K. Shiratori
Keyword(s):  
Granulomatous Inflammation ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Osseous Metaplasia ◽  
Proliferative Cell Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Histopathological Features ◽  
Auricular Chondritis ◽  
Plate Formation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Proliferative Cell

Gross and histopathological features of auricular chondritis in young Crj:CD(SD)IGS rats were examined. Although the rats were identified with metallic ear tags on the right pinnae, auricular chondritis was also observed on the contralateral (left) ear in some animals. Histopathologically, the lesions were characterized by granulomatous inflammation with destruction of the normal cartilaginous plate, formation of new cartilaginous nodules and osseous metaplasia. Proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) positive cells were present predominantly in chondrocytes found in the centre of the newly-formed cartilaginous nodules. The results suggest that the newly-formed cartilaginous nodules were due to interstitial proliferation of chondrocytes.

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