scholarly journals Modulation of Physiological Stress Response of Triticum aestivum L. to Glyphosate by Brassinosteroid Application

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1156
Author(s):  
Elena Shopova ◽  
Zornitsa Katerova ◽  
Liliana Brankova ◽  
Ljudmila Dimitrova ◽  
Iskren Sergiev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Wheat Seedlings

The potential of brassinosteroids to modulate the physiological responses of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to herbicide stress was evaluated. Young winter wheat seedlings were treated with 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) and 24 h later were sprayed with glyphosate. The physiological responses of treated plants were assessed 14 days after herbicide application. Wheat growth was noticeably inhibited by glyphosate. The herbicide application significantly increased the content of the stress markers proline and malondialdehyde (MDA) evidencing oxidative damage. The content of phenolic compounds was decreased in the herbicide-treated plants. Slight activation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and considerable increase of glutathione reductase (GR) and guaiacol peroxidase (POX) activities were found. Increased POX and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities were anticipated to be involved in herbicide detoxification. Conjugation with glutathione in herbicide-treated plants could explain the reduction of thiols suggesting unbalanced redox state. EBL application did not alter the plant growth but a moderate activation of antioxidant defense (POX, GR, and CAT activities and phenolic levels) and detoxifying enzyme GST was observed. The hormonal priming provoked a slight decrease in MDA and proline levels. The results demonstrate that EBL-pretreatment partly restored shoot growth and has a potential to mitigate the oxidative damages in glyphosate-treated plants through activation of the enzymatic antioxidant defense and increase of the phenolic compounds.

INFLUENCE OF FALL AND SPRING HERBICIDE APPLICATION ON WINTER WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L. ’NORSTAR’)

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 881-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. DERKSEN ◽  
K. J. KIRKLAND ◽  
B. R. McLENNAN ◽  
J. H. HUNTER ◽  
H. A. LOEPPKY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Current Increase ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Fall Application

Recommendations regarding the timing of herbicide application in winter wheat vary among production areas. The current increase in area of winter wheat production in Saskatchewan warrants an examination of herbicide recommendations for this non-traditional production area. Field research was conducted for 2 yr at several locations in Saskatchewan using 2,4-D, MCPA, dicamba, bromoxynil, chlorsulfuron, and clopyralid, applied in the late fall or early spring, to determine the effects of time and rate of application on winter wheat grain yield. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ’Norstar’) was tolerant to fall application of all herbicides at rates recommended for spring application. Grain yield was reduced in some cases when double the recommended spring rate of 2,4-D, MCPA, bromoxynil, and clopyralid was applied in the fall. Spring application of clopyralid resulted in significantly lower grain yield than fall application. All herbicides tested show potential for use in winter wheat production, although caution is warranted for spring application of clopyralid.Key words: Wheat (winter), 2,4-D, MCPA, dicamba, bromoxynil, chlorsulfuron

scholarly journals CHANGES IN PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS FROM winter wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (341) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Zh. M. Eralieva ◽  
M. S. Kurmanbayeva ◽  
Zh. O. Ospanbayev ◽  
A. A. Ramazanova
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Seedlings

Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) response to herbicides as affected by application timing and temperature

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melody A. Robinson ◽  
Jocelyne Letarte ◽  
Michael J. Cowbrough ◽  
Peter H. Sikkema ◽  
François J. Tardif
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Time Of Application

Robinson, M. A., Letarte, J., Cowbrough, M. J., Sikkema, P. H. and Tardif, F. J. 2015. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) response to herbicides as affected by application timing and temperature. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 325–333. Field studies were conducted to determine the effects of cold temperatures and physiological growth stage at the time of application on the tolerance of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to 10 herbicides used in Ontario, Canada. Herbicides were applied: early during a frost event (when forecasted temperatures ≤ 0°C); at a normal timing (Zadoks 21–29); and a late timing (Zadoks 39). Visible injury, yield, plant height at maturity, test weight and 1000-kernel weight were measured to determine if environmental conditions or growth stage at the time of herbicide application influenced wheat tolerance. Cold temperatures at the time of herbicide application resulted in injury with three treatments: 2,4-D, dicamba/MCPA/mecoprop and dichlorprop/2,4-D. Visible injury was greatest at 14 d after treatment (DAT); it was, however, transient and yield, plant height, test weight and 1000-kernel weight were not affected. The herbicides 2,4-D, dichlorprop/2,4-D, and fenoxaprop-p-ethyl caused visible injury 14 DAT when applied at the normal timing, while 2,4-D at this timing, also caused injury 7 DAT. Dicamba/MCPA/mecoprop was the most injurious herbicide, causing 4% injury at the normal timing and 11% injury at the late application timing (42 DAT). Dicamba/MCPA/mecoprop caused yield reductions of 11 to 24% at two locations in 2010 when applied at the normal timing. Dicamba/MCPA/mecoprop reduced yield at 6 of the 8 site-years when applied late, and also reduced plant height. Cold temperatures at the time of application did not affect tolerance of winter wheat; however, visible injury was more likely to occur when herbicides were applied at later growth stages. In most cases, herbicide injury was transient and no impact on yield was observed. Dicamba/MCPA/mecoprop was the most injurious herbicide, causing prolonged injury at all application timings and reducing yields when applied at the normal timing. In addition, yield and plant height were affected negatively when this herbicide was applied late.

Effect of 24-epibrassinolide on localization of ABA, AZP, and dehydrins in wheat plant roots during dehydration

Biomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-336
Author(s):  
A.R. Lubyanova ◽  
F.M. Shakirova ◽  
M.V. Bezrukova
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Immunohistochemical Localization ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Apoplastic Barrier ◽  
Protective Proteins

We studied the immunohistochemical localization of abscisic acid (ABA), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and dehydrins in the roots of wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.) during 24-epibrassinolide-pretreatment (EB-pretreatment) and PEG-induced dehydration. It was found coimmunolocalization of ABA, WGA and dehydrins in the cells of central cylinder of basal part untreated and EB-pretreated roots of wheat seedlings under normal conditions and under osmotic stress. Such mutual localization ABA and protective proteins, WGA and dehydrins, indicates the possible effect of their distribution in the tissues of EB-pretreated wheat roots during dehydration on the apoplastic barrier functioning, which apparently contributes to decrease the water loss under dehydration. Perhaps, the significant localization of ABA and wheat lectin in the metaxylem region enhances EB-induced transport of ABA and WGA from roots to shoots under stress. It can be assumed that brassinosteroids can serve as intermediates in the realization of the protective effect of WGA and wheat dehydrins during water deficit.

scholarly journals Naturally Occurring Ecdysteroids in Triticum aestivum L. and Evaluation of Fenarimol as a Potential Inhibitor of Their Biosynthesis in Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 2855
Author(s):  
Anna Janeczko ◽  
Jana Oklestkova ◽  
Danuše Tarkowská ◽  
Barbara Drygaś
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Animal Kingdom ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
P450 Monooxygenase ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Regulatory Effects ◽  
Potential Use

Ecdysteroids (ECs) are steroid hormones originally found in the animal kingdom where they function as insect molting hormones. Interestingly, a relatively high number of these substances can also be formed in plant cells. Moreover, ECs have certain regulatory effects on plant physiology, but their role in plants still requires further study. One of the main aims of the present study was to verify a hypothesis that fenarimol, an inhibitor of the biosynthesis of ECs in the animal kingdom, also affects the content of endogenous ECs in plants using winter wheat Triticum aestivum L. as a model plant. The levels of endogenous ECs in winter wheat, including the estimation of their changes during a course of different temperature treatments, have been determined using a sensitive analytical method based on UHPLC-MS/MS. Under our experimental conditions, four substances of EC character were detected in the tissue of interest in amounts ranging from less than 1 to over 200 pg·g−1 FW: 20-hydroxyecdysone, polypodine B, turkesterone, and isovitexirone. Among them, turkesterone was observed to be the most abundant EC and accumulated mainly in the crowns and leaves of wheat. Importantly, the level of ECs was observed to be dependent on the age of the plants, as well as on growth conditions (especially temperature). Fenarimol, an inhibitor of a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, was shown to significantly decrease the level of naturally occurring ECs in experimental plants, which may indicate its potential use in studies related to the biosynthesis and physiological function of these substances in plants.

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