scholarly journals Effect of Low-Concentration Hydrofluoric Acid Etching on Shear Bond Strength and Biaxial Flexural Strength after Thermocycling

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1409
Author(s):  
You-Jung Kang ◽  
Yooseok Shin ◽  
Jee-Hwan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Hydrofluoric Acid ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Tetragonal Zirconia ◽  
Resin Cement ◽  
Air Abrasion ◽  
Biaxial Flexural Strength ◽  
Group A

This study evaluated the shear bond strength (SBS) and biaxial flexural strength (BFS) of resin cements according to the surface treatment method using low-temperature hot etching with hydrofluoric acid (HF) on a yttrium-stabilized tetragonal zirconia (Y-TZP) surface; 96 discs and 72 cubes for BFS and SBS tests for Y-TZP were randomly divided into four groups of BFS and three groups of SBS. Specimens were subjected to the following surface treatments: (1) no treatment (C), (2) air abrasion with 50 μm Al2O3 particles (A), (3) hot etching with HF at 100 °C for 10 min (E), and (4) air abrasion + hot etching (AE). After treatments, the specimens were coated with primer, and resin cement was applied with molds. The specimens were evaluated for roughness (Ra) via scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction, and the data were analyzed by an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Group E produced significantly higher SBS compared to group A and AE before and after thermocycling. The BFSs of all groups showed no significant differences before thermocycling; however, after thermocycling, C and E treatment groups were significantly higher compared to group A and AE. All groups showed phase transformation. Group E was observed lower monoclinic phase transformation compared to other groups.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effect of Different Types of Abrasive Surface Treatment before and after Zirconia Sintering on Its Structural Composition and Bond Strength with Resin Cement

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Skienhe ◽  
Roland Habchi ◽  
Hani Ounsi ◽  
Marco Ferrari ◽  
Ziad Salameh
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Monoclinic Phase ◽  
Resin Cement ◽  
Silica Powder ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

This study evaluated the effect of air abrasion before and after sintering with different particle type, shape, and size on the surface morphology, monoclinic phase transformation, and bond strength between resin cement and zirconia surface using primer containing silane and MDP. Airborne particle abrasion (APA) was performed on zirconia before and after sintering with different particle shape and size (50 μm Al2O3 and 25 μm silica powder). 120 square shaped presintered zirconia samples (Amann Girrbach) were prepared (3 mm height × 10 mm width × 10 mm length) and polished with grit papers #800, 1000, 1200, 1500, and 2000. Samples were divided into 6 groups according to surface treatment—group A: (control) no surface treatment; group B: APA 50 μm Al2O3 before sintering (BS); group C: APA 50 μm Al2O3 after sintering (AS); group D: APA25 μm silica powder (BS); group E: APA25 μm silica powder (AS) at a pressure of 3.5 bar; and group F: APA 25 μm silica powder (AS) at a pressure of 4 bar. Samples were analyzed using XRD, AFM, and SEM. The samples were submitted to shear bond strength (SBS) test. A dual cure resin cement (RelyX Ultimate) and primer (Scotchbond Universal) were used. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey test (α≥0.05). APA in group B significantly increased the surface roughness when compared to all other groups. A significant monoclinic phase transformation (t-m) value was observed in groups C and F and a reverse transformation occurred in presintered groups. The SBS value of group A was 11.58±1.43 and the highest significant shear bond strength value was for groups B (15.86±1.92) and C (17.59±2.21 MPa) with no significant difference between them. Conclusions. The use of APA 50 μm Al2O3 before sintering and the application of primer containing MDP seem to be valuable methods for durable bonding with zirconia. The use of APA 50 μm Al2O3 after sintering induced the highest (t-m) phase transformation.

scholarly journals Air Abrasion Before and/or After Zirconia Sintering: Surface Characterization, Flexural Strength, and Resin Cement Bond Strength

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. E66-E75 ◽  
Author(s):  
FO Abi-Rached ◽  
SB Martins ◽  
AA Almeida-Júnior ◽  
GL Adabo ◽  
M Sousa Góes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Monoclinic Phase ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Resin Cement ◽  
Air Abrasion ◽  
Significant Difference

SUMMARY The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of air-abrasion/zirconia sintering order on the yttria partially stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) surface characterization (roughness, morphology, and phase transformation), flexural strength (FS), and shear bond strength (SBS) to a resin cement. Y-TZP specimens were air abraded with 50-μm Al2O3 particles after (AS), before (BS), or before and after zirconia sintering (BAS). For roughness (Ra), 30 block specimens (12×12×3.0 mm; n=10) had their surfaces analyzed by a profilometer. Next, on the air-abraded surfaces of these specimens, composite resin discs (n=30) were bonded with RelyX ARC. The bonded specimens were stored for 24 hours in distilled water at 37°C before shear testing. Failure mode was determined with a stereomicroscope (20×). The surface morphology (n=2) was evaluated by SEM (500×). For the four-point flexural strength test (EMIC DL2000), 39 bar-shaped specimens (20×4.0×1.2 mm; n=13) were air abraded according to the three conditions proposed, and an additional group (nonabraded) was evaluated (n=13). The quantitative analysis of phase transformation (n=1) was completed with Rietveld refinement with X-ray diffraction data. Ra (μm) and SBS (MPa) data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey test (α=0.05). Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine if there was a correlation between roughness and SBS. For FS (MPa) data, one-way ANOVA and the Dunnett C-test (α=0.05) were used. The air-abrasion/zirconia sintering order influenced significantly (p<0.001) Ra, SBS, and FS. The BS and AS groups presented the highest (1.3 μm) and the lowest (0.7 μm) Ra. The highest SBS (7.0 MPa) was exhibited by the BAS group, followed by the AS group (5.4 MPa) and finally by the BS group (2.6 MPa). All groups presented 100% adhesive failure. A weak correlation (r=−0.45, p<0.05) was found between roughness and SBS. The air-abrasion/zirconia sintering order provided differences in the surface morphology. The nonabraded (926.8 MPa) and BS (816.3 MPa) groups exhibited statistically similar FS values but lower values than the AS (1249.1 MPa) and BAS (1181.4 MPa) groups, with no significant difference between them. The nonabraded, AS, BS, and BAS groups exhibited, respectively, percentages of monoclinic phase of 0.0 wt%, 12.2 wt%, 0.0 wt%, and 8.6 wt%. The rougher surface provided by the air-abrasion before zirconia sintering may have impaired the bonding with the resin cement. The morphological patterns were consistent with the surface roughness. Considering the short-term SBS and FS, the BAS group exhibited the best performance. Air abrasion, regardless of its performance order, provides tetragonal to monoclinic transformation, while sintering tends to zero the monoclinic phase content.

The Effect of Sandblasting and Different Primers on Shear Bond Strength Between Yttria-tetragonal Zirconia Polycrystal Ceramic and a Self-adhesive Resin Cement

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y-A Yi ◽  
J-S Ahn ◽  
Y-J Park ◽  
S-H Jun ◽  
I-B Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Tetragonal Zirconia ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Resin Cement ◽  
Air Abrasion ◽  
Adhesive Resin ◽  
Multiple Comparison Test ◽  
Adhesive Resin Cement ◽  
Tetragonal Zirconia Polycrystal

SUMMARY Purpose To evaluate the effect of zirconia primers, air-abrasion, and tribochemical surface treatment methods on the shear bond strength between yttria-tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) ceramic and self-adhesive resin cement. Methods and Materials Y-TZP ceramic surfaces were ground flat with 600-grit silicon carbide paper and then divided into seven groups of 10 and treated as follows: untreated (control), Monobond Plus, Z-PRIME Plus, ESPE Sil with CoJet, air-abrasion, Monobond Plus with air-abrasion, and Z-PRIME Plus with air-abrasion. Self-adhesive resin cement was placed onto the treated Y-TZP specimens for each group. All specimens were thermocycled and subjected to a shear bond strength test. Scanning electron microscope images of the fractured areas and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the surface-treated Y-TZP specimens were performed. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and the Student-Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test (p<0.05). Results The Z-PRIME Plus treatment in combination with air-abrasion produced the highest bond strength (16.50±2.26 MPa), followed by air-abrasion (10.56±3.32 MPa), and then Monobond Plus combined with air-abrasion (8.93±3.13 MPa), ESPE Sil after CoJet application (8.54±3.98 MPa), and the Z-PRIME Plus group (8.27±2.79 MPa). The control (3.91±0.72 MPa) and Monobond Plus (4.86±1.77 MPa) groups indicated the lowest results (p<0.05). The XRD results showed the peaks of the monoclinic phase for the air-abrasion and CoJet treatment groups compared with the Y-TZP control. Conclusion Z-PRIME Plus primer application after air-abrasion presented the best results for improving the bond strength between Y-TZP ceramic and self-adhesive resin cement.

scholarly journals Shear Bond Strength of MDP-Containing Self-Adhesive Resin Cement and Y-TZP Ceramics: Effect of Phosphate Monomer-Containing Primers

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Soo Ahn ◽  
Young-Ah Yi ◽  
Yoon Lee ◽  
Deog-Gyu Seo
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Tetragonal Zirconia ◽  
Resin Cement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Air Abrasion ◽  
Adhesive Resin ◽  
Multiple Comparison Test ◽  
Ceramic Surfaces ◽  
Adhesive Resin Cement

Purpose. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different phosphate monomer-containing primers on the shear bond strength between yttria-tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) ceramics and MDP-containing self-adhesive resin cement.Materials and Methods. Y-TZP ceramic surfaces were ground flat with #600-grit SiC paper and divided into six groups (n=10). They were treated as follows: untreated (control), Metal/Zirconia Primer, Z-PRIME Plus, air abrasion, Metal/Zirconia Primer with air abrasion, and Z-PRIME Plus with air abrasion. MDP-containing self-adhesive resin cement was applied to the surface-treated Y-TZP specimens. After thermocycling, a shear bond strength test was performed. The surfaces of the Y-TZP specimens were analyzed under a scanning electron microscope. The bond strength values were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and the Student–Newman–Keuls multiple comparison test (P<0.05).Results. The Z-PRIME Plus treatment combined with air abrasion produced the highest bond strength, followed by Z-PRIME Plus application, Metal/Zirconia Primer combined with air abrasion, air abrasion alone, and, lastly, Metal/Zirconia Primer application. The control group yielded the lowest results (P<0.05).Conclusion. The application of MDP-containing primer resulted in increased bond strength between Y-TZP ceramics and MDP-containing self-adhesive resin cements.

scholarly journals Influence of irradiation with Er:YAG laser on the shear bond strength of a resin cement to feldspathic ceramic - in vitro study

Cerâmica ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (358) ◽  
pp. 244-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Loffredo ◽  
F. S. Hanashiro ◽  
W. Steagall Júnior ◽  
M. N. Youssef ◽  
W. C. de Souza-Zaroni
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Hydrofluoric Acid ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Er:Yag Laser ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Surface Treatments ◽  
Resin Cement ◽  
Air Abrasion ◽  
Yag Laser

<p>Although several conventional surface treatments have been used on feldspathic ceramic, a few studies investigated the effects of the irradiation with Er: YAG laser using different parameters. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of a resin cement to feldspathic ceramic, after the application of different surface treatments, especially the irradiation with Er:YAG laser. Forty-two discs made of a feldspathic ceramic were divided into six groups (n = 7): G1: control group - 10% hydrofluoric acid (HF), G2: Air abrasion with Al2O3 + HF; G3: Er: YAG laser with 500 mJ/4Hz, G4: Er: YAG laser with 500 mJ/4Hz: + HF; G5: Er: YAG laser with 400 mJ/6Hz and G6: Er:YAG laser with 400 mJ/6Hz + HF. After this, all the specimens were treated with silane, and then a resin cement cylinder was built on the treated ceramic surface. After 24 h at 37 oC, specimens were submitted to the shear bond strenght test and stereoscopic evaluation to determine the type of failure. The mean bond strength values (MPa) obtained were: G1 - 17.55, G2 - 18.80, G3 - 21.80, G4 - 12.62, G5 - and 15.81 G6- 11.59. After performing the ANOVA and Tukey's test, it was concluded that the group irradiated with Er:YAG laser at 500mJ/4Hz performed similarly to the groups that received the conventional treatments, such as hydrofluoric acid etching and the combination of air abrasion plus hydrofluoric acid, and was higher than the other groups irradiated with Er:YAG laser.</p>

scholarly journals Effect of surface treatment on the shear bond strength of a resin-based cement to porcelain

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 290-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Paulo Nagayassu ◽  
Luciana Keiko Shintome ◽  
Eduardo Shigueyuki Uemura ◽  
José Eduardo Junho de Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Hydrofluoric Acid ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Resin Cement ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
And Control

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of different surface treatments on the shear bond strength of a resin-based cement to porcelain. Sixty pairs of 50% aluminous porcelain discs were fabricated. In each pair, one disc measured 6 mm in diameter X 3 mm thickness (A) and the other measured 3 mm in diameter X 3mm thickness (B). The specimens were randomly assigned to 6 groups (n=10 pairs of discs), according to the surface treatment: etching with 10% hydrofluoric acid for 2 or 4min (G1 and G2); 50-µm particle aluminum oxide sandblasting for 5 s (G3); sandblasting followed by etching for 2 or 4min (G4 and G5) and control - no treatment (G6). A silane agent was applied to the treated surface of both discs of each pair. Bistite II DC dual-cure resin cement was applied and the B discs were bonded to their respective A discs. Specimens were stored in distilled water at 37ºC for 24 h and were tested in shear strength at a crosshead speed of 2 mm/min. Means in MPa were: G1: 14.21 ± 4.68; G2: 8.92 ± 3.02; G3: 10.04 ± 2.37; G4: 12.74 ± 5.15; G5: 10.99 ± 3.35; G6: 6.09 ± 1.84. Data were compared by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test at 5% significance level. Bond strength recorded after 2-min acid etching was significantly higher than 4-min etching (p<0.05) and control (p<0.05), but did not differ significantlyfrom sandblasting alone (p>0.05) or followed by etching for 2 or 4 min (p>0.05). Within the limitations of an in vitro study, it may be concluded that 2-min hydrofluoric acid etching produced a favorable micromechanical retention that enhanced resin cement bond strength to porcelain.

scholarly journals Y-TZP surface treatments and their effects on the bond strength to resin cement

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. e190918
Author(s):  
Michele Mirian May ◽  
Ana Maria Estivalete Marchionatti ◽  
Luiz Felipe Valandro ◽  
Edson Luiz Foletto ◽  
Lucio Strazzabosco Dorneles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Tetragonal Zirconia ◽  
Silica Coating ◽  
Surface Treatments ◽  
Resin Cement ◽  
Air Abrasion ◽  
Universal Primer ◽  
Alumina Particles ◽  
Bond Strengths ◽  
Microshear Bond Strength

Aim: This study evaluated the effect of surface treatments of yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) ceramics on their bond strength to a resin cement. Methods: Seventy zirconia blocks (6 × 6 × 2 mm3, IPS e.max ZirCAD) were assigned into 7 groups (n=10) – as-sintered (AS), no treatment; tribochemical silica coating + silanization (TBS; Cojet-sand; ProSil); airabrasion with 45 μm alumina particles + universal primer (AAP; Monobond®Plus); fusion sputtering (FS); SiO2 nanofilm + silanization (SN; ProSil); FS+SN+ silanization (FSSN; ProSil); FS+SN+Universal Primer (FSSNP; Monobond®Plus). Afterwards, a resin cement (RelyX™ ARC) was applied inside cylinders (Ø = 0.96 mm × 1 mm height) placed on the zirconia surfaces. Microshear bond strength tests (μSBS) were carried out (1 mm/min). Failure and phase transformation analysis were performed. Bond strength data (MPa) were subjected to Kruskal-Wallis/Mann Whitney tests. Results: TBS (27 ± 1.2) and AAP (24.7 ± 0.8) showed higher bond strengths than the other groups, followed by FSSNP (15.5 ± 4.2) and FSSN (13.3 ± 3.6). FS (3.4 ± 0.44) and SN (9.5 ± 2.7) showed the lowest values (p < 0.001). Most of the specimens exhibited an adhesive failure. Conclusion: Air-abrasion by silica-coated alumina particles followed by silanization or by alumina particles followed by universal primer resulted in the highest resin bond strength to zirconia. Fusion sputtering and silica nanofilm deposition induced low strengths. However, when these methods are applied in combination and with a primer (FSSN and FSSNP), higher bond strengths may be achieved. Low bond strengths are obtained when no zirconia treatment is performed.

The Effect of Aging and Surface treatments on Micro-shear Bond Strength of Resin Nano-Ceramic Material Using Two Resin Cements

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman Mohammed Said
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Hydrofluoric Acid ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Surface Treatments ◽  
Resin Cement ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Resin Cements ◽  
Adhesive Resin ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Adhesive Resin Cement

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of aging and different surface treatments on micro-shear bond strength of two resin cements to resin nano-ceramic composite blocks using an in-vitro study. Materials and methods: Blocks of resin nano-ceramic (Lava Ultimate, 3M, St Paul, Minnesota, USA) were used to prepare eight plates having the following dimensions: (14mm × 12mm × 2mm). After plates preparation they were assigned to two main groups according to the surface treatment applied, either hydrofluoric acid etching and silane or sandblasting and silane. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to analyze the surface topography of the Lava-Ultimate plates before and after application of surface treatments. Two resin cements were used; dual cured adhesive resin cement (Bifix QM, VOCO, Cuxhafen, Germany) and dual cured self-adhesive resin cement (Bifix SE, VOCO, Cuxhafen, Germany) to create a five resin micro-cylinders received on each lava ultimate plate. Ten specimens from each subgroup were tested after 24 hours and the other ten specimens were tested after aging in saline for 6 months. Micro-shear bond strength test was applied until failure. . Multi-factorial ANOVA test and One-way ANOVA followed by pair-wise Tukey’s post-hoc tests were used to analyze the data. Results: Both resin cements showed statistically significant decrease on bond strength after aging. Before aging, both surface treatments with adhesive resin cement showed statistically significant higher micro-shear bond strength mean values than with self-adhesive resin cement. After aging sandblasting showed a statistically significant higher micro-shear bond strength mean values with adhesive resin cement, while hydrofluoric acid etching revealed a statistically non-significant higher values with adhesive resin cement than self-adhesive resin cement. Conclusion: For both surface treatments and resin cements aging had a detrimental effect on micro- shear bond strength.

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