scholarly journals Application of Shape Memory Alloys in Retrofitting of Masonry and Heritage Structures Based on Their Vulnerability Revealed in the Bam 2003 Earthquake

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4480
Author(s):  
Alireza Tabrizikahou ◽  
Marijana Hadzima-Nyarko ◽  
Mieczysław Kuczma ◽  
Silva Lozančić
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory Alloys ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Masonry Structure ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Structural Failure ◽  
Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
The City

For decades, one of the most critical considerations of civil engineers has been the construction of structures that can sufficiently resist earthquakes. However, in many parts of the globe, ancient and contemporary buildings were constructed without regard for engineering; thus, there is a rising necessity to adapt existing structures to avoid accidents and preserve historical artefacts. There are various techniques for retrofitting a masonry structure, including foundation isolations, the use of Fibre-Reinforced Plastics (FRPs), shotcrete, etc. One innovative technique is the use of Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs), which improve structures by exhibiting high strength, good re-centring capabilities, self-repair, etc. One recent disastrous earthquake that happened in the city of Bam, Iran, (with a large proportion of masonry buildings) in 2003, with over 45,000 casualties, is analysed to discover the primary causes of the structural failure of buildings and its ancient citadel. It is followed by introducing the basic properties of SMAs and their applications in retrofitting masonry buildings. The outcomes of preceding implementations of SMAs in retrofitting of masonry buildings are then employed to present two comprehensive schemes as well as an implementation algorithm for strengthening masonry structures using SMA-based devices.

scholarly journals Electro-bending characterization of adaptive 3D fiber reinforced plastics based on shape memory alloys

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 035041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moniruddoza Ashir ◽  
Lars Hahn ◽  
Axel Kluge ◽  
Andreas Nocke ◽  
Chokri Cherif
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory Alloys ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Plastics

Development of High-Strength, Fine, and Ultrafine-Grained Shape Memory Alloys

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 (13) ◽  
pp. 1346-1349
Author(s):  
V. G. Pushin ◽  
N. N. Kuranova ◽  
A. V. Pushin
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory Alloys ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Ultrafine Grained

scholarly journals Methods for the Assessment of Critical Properties in Existing Masonry Structures under Seismic Loads—The ARES Project

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mislav Stepinac ◽  
Tomislav Kisicek ◽  
Tvrtko Renić ◽  
Ivan Hafner ◽  
Chiara Bedon
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Reliable Design ◽  
Basic Features

Masonry structures are notoriously vulnerable to horizontal actions caused by earthquakes. Given the high seismicity of the European region, and that the European building stock comprises a lot of masonry buildings, knowledge about their structural response to seismic excitation is particularly important, but at the same time difficult to determine, due to the heterogenous nature of materials and/or constructional techniques in use. An additional issue is represented by the current methods for mechanical properties assessment, that do not provide a reliable framework for accurate structural estimations of existing buildings characterized by different typological properties. Every structure, in other words, should be separately inspected in regard to its mechanical behaviour, based on dedicated approaches able to capture potential critical issues. In this review paper, an insight on the Croatian ARES project is presented (Assessment and Rehabilitation of Existing Structures), including a state-of-the-art of the actual building stock and giving evidence of major difficulties concerning the assessment of existing structures. The most commonly used techniques and tools are compared, with a focus on their basic features and field of application. A brief overview of prevailing structural behaviours and Finite Element numerical modelling issues are also mentioned. As shown, the general tendency is to ensure “sustainable” and energy-efficient building systems. The latter, however, seem in disagreement with basic principles of structural maintenance and renovation. The aim of the ongoing ARES project, in this context, is to improve the current knowledge regarding the assessment and strengthening of structures, with a focus on a more reliable design and maintenance process for existing masonry buildings.

scholarly journals Making Wellington: earthquakes, survivors and creating heritage

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
Robert McClean
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Masonry Structure ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Original Plan ◽  
Christ Church ◽  
Future Earthquake ◽  
The City ◽  
English Heritage

Landing at Te Whanganui a Tara in 1840, New Zealand Company settlers lost no time to construct the "England of the South" using familiar building materials of brick, stone, clay and mortar. Within months of settling at Pito-one (Petone), the newly arrived people not only experienced earthquakes, but also flooding of Te Awa kai Rangi (Hutt River). Consequently, the original plan to build the City of Britannia at Pito-one was transferred to Lambton Harbour at Pipitea and Te Aro. The construction of Wellington was severely disrupted by the first visitation occurring on 16 October 1848 when the Awatere fault ruptured releasing an earthquake of Mw 7.8. The earthquake sequence, lasting until October 1849, damaged nearly all masonry buildings in Wellington, including newly constructed Paremata Barracks. This event was soon followed by the 2nd visitation of 23 January 1855. This time it was a rupture of the Wairarapa fault and a huge 8.2 Mw earthquake lasting until 10 October 1855. Perceptions of buildings as "permanent" symbols of progress and English heritage were fundamentally challenged as a result of the earthquakes. Instead, the settlers looked to the survivors – small timber-framed buildings as markers of security and continued occupation. A small number of survivors will be explored in detail – Taylor-Stace Cottage, Porirua, and Homewood, Karori, both buildings of 1847 and both still in existence today. Also the ruins of Paremata Barracks as the only remnant of a masonry structure pre-dating 1848 in the Wellington region. There are also a few survivors of 1855 earthquake including Christ Church, Taita (1854) and St Joseph's Providence Porch, St Mary's College, Thorndon (1852).  There are also the post-1855 timber-framed legacies of Old St Paul's Cathedral (1866), Government Buildings (1876) and St Peter's Church (1879). Improved knowledge about the historical evolution of perceptions of heritage in Wellington as a result of past earthquake visitations can help inform public education about heritage values, how to build today and strengthen existing buildings in readiness for future earthquake visitations.

Development and characterization of textile-processable actuators based on shape-memory alloys for adaptive fiber-reinforced plastics

2013 ◽  
Vol 83 (18) ◽  
pp. 1936-1948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Kluge ◽  
Andreas Nocke ◽  
Christian Paul ◽  
Chokri Cherif ◽  
Thomas Linse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory Alloys ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Plastics

Shape Memory Alloys for Seismic Response Modification: A State-of-the-Art Review

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 569-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Wilson ◽  
Michael J. Wesolowsky
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory Alloys ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Seismic Response ◽  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
High Strength ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Hysteretic Behavior ◽  
Seismic Engineering

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are a remarkable class of metals that can offer high strength, large energy dissipation through hysteretic behavior, extraordinary strain capacity (up to 8%) with full shape recovery to zero residual strain, and a high resistance to corrosion and fatigue—aspects that are all desirable from an earthquake engineering perspective. Their various physical characteristics result from solid-solid transformation between austenite and martensite phases of the alloy that may be induced by stress or temperature. The most commercially successful SMA is a binary alloy of nickel and titanium (NiTi). Although SMAs are expensive relative to most other materials used in seismic engineering, in certain forms their capacity for high energy loss per unit volume means that comparatively small quantities can be made to be especially effective, for example when used in wire form as part of a seismic bracing system. This state-of-the-art paper presents current materials science aspects, material models, and mechanical behavior of SMAs relevant to seismic engineering, and examines the current state of design of SMA-based seismic response modification devices and their use in buildings and bridges. SMA-based devices offer promising advantages for development of next-generation seismic protection systems.

Mechanical Properties of (Pt, Ir)Ti

2005 ◽  
Vol 475-479 ◽  
pp. 1987-1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Yamabe-Mitarai ◽  
Toru Hara ◽  
Seiji Miura ◽  
Hideki Hosoda
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformation ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Shape Memory Alloys ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Dislocation Motion ◽  
Phase Transformation Temperature ◽  
High Temperature Strength ◽  
Thermal Expansion Measurement ◽  
Cyclic Compression

We have suggested B2-(Pt, Ir)Ti as high temperature shape memory alloys. The phase transformation of (Pt, Ir)-50at% Ti from B2 to B19(2H) or 4H(4O) structures was investigated in our previous study. The microstructure suggested martensitic transformation. In this study, thermal expansion measurement and cyclic compression test were performed for (Pt, Ir)Ti to investigate if the shape memory effect appears. High temperature strength was also investigated because phase transformation temperature of the (Pt, Ir)Ti is above 1273 K and high strength is necessary as high temperature shape memory alloys in order to suppress dislocation motion and stabilize martenstic transformation. The potential of (Pt, Ir)Ti as high temperature shape memory alloys will be also discussed.

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