scholarly journals Study on Properties of Automatically Designed 3D-Printed Customized Prosthetic Sockets

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5240
Author(s):  
Filip Górski ◽  
Radosław Wichniarek ◽  
Wiesław Kuczko ◽  
Magdalena Żukowska
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Automated Design ◽  
Process Stability ◽  
Strength Criteria ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Comfort Criteria

This paper presents the results of experiments conducted on a batch of additively manufactured customized prosthetic sockets for upper limbs, made of thermoplastics and designed automatically on the basis of a 3D-scanned limb of a 3-year-old patient. The aim of this work was to compare sockets made of two different materials—rigid PLA and elastic TPE. Two distinct socket designs with various mounting systems were prepared. To find a reliable set of parameters for cheap and stable manufacturing of usable prostheses using 3D printers, realizing the fused deposition modeling (FDM) process, sets of sockets were manufactured with various process parameters. This paper presents the methodology of the design, the plan of the experiments and the obtained results in terms of process stability, fit and assessment by patient, as well as strength of the obtained sockets and their measured surface roughness. The results are promising, as most of the obtained products fulfil the strength criteria, although not all of them meet the fitting and use comfort criteria. As a result, recommendations of materials and process parameters were determined. These parameters were included in a prototype of the automated design and production system developed by the authors, and prostheses for several other patients were manufactured.

Evaluation of Fused Deposition Modeling Process Parameters Influence on 3D Printed Components by High Precision Metrology

2021 ◽  
pp. 281-295
Author(s):  
Alexandru D. Sterca ◽  
Roxana-Anamaria Calin ◽  
Lucian Cristian ◽  
Eva Maria Walcher ◽  
Osman Bodur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Modeling Process ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Precision Metrology

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of FDM Printed PLA Parts before and after Thermal Treatment

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1239
Author(s):  
Ali Chalgham ◽  
Andrea Ehrmann ◽  
Inge Wickenkamp
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is one of the most often-used technologies in additive manufacturing. Several materials are used with this technology, such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA), which is most commonly applied. The mechanical properties of 3D-printed parts depend on the process parameters. This is why, in this study, three-point bending tests were carried out to characterize the influence of build orientation, layer thickness, printing temperature and printing speed on the mechanical properties of PLA samples. Not only the process parameters may affect the mechanical properties, but heat after-treatment also has an influence on them. For this reason, additional samples were printed with optimal process parameters and characterized after pure heat treatment as well as after deformation at a temperature above the glass transition temperature, cooling with applied deformation, and subsequent recovery under heat treatment. These findings are planned to be used in a future study on finger orthoses that could either be printed according to shape or in a flat shape and afterwards heated and bent around the finger.

Robot Arm Platform for Additive Manufacturing Using Multi-Plane Toolpaths

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismayuzri Bin Ishak ◽  
Joseph Fisher ◽  
Pierre Larochelle
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Industrial Robot ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Robot Arm ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Modeling Techniques ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed

This article discusses the concept of using an industrial robot arm platform for additive manufacturing. The concept being explored is the integration of existing additive manufacturing process technologies with an industrial robot arm to create a 3D printer with a multi-plane layering capability. The objective is to develop multi-plane toolpath motions that will leverage the increased capability of the robot arm platform compared to conventional gantry-style 3D printers. This approach enables print layering in multiple planes whereas existing conventional 3D printers are restricted to a single toolpath plane (e.g. x-y plane). This integration combines the fused deposition modeling techniques using an extruder head that is typically used in 3D printing and a 6 degree of freedom robot arm. Here, a Motoman SV3X is used as the platform for the robot arm. A higher level controller is used to control the robot and the extruder. To communicate with the robot, MotoCom SDK libraries is used to develop the interfacing software between the higher level controller and the robot arm controller. The integration of these systems enabled multi-plane toolpath motions to be utilized to produce 3D printed parts. A test block has been 3D printed using this integrated system.

Biodegradable 3D Printed Polymer Microneedles for Transdermal Drug Delivery

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Luzuriaga ◽  
Danielle R. Berry ◽  
John C. Reagan ◽  
Ronald A. Smaldone ◽  
Jeremiah J. Gassensmith
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Modeling Software ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Microfabrication Technique ◽  
Mechanical Strengths

Biodegradable polymer microneedle (MN) arrays are an emerging class of transdermal drug delivery devices that promise a painless and sanitary alternative to syringes; however, prototyping bespoke needle architectures is expensive and requires production of new master templates. Here, we present a new microfabrication technique for MNs using fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing using polylactic acid, an FDA approved, renewable, biodegradable, thermoplastic material. We show how this natural degradability can be exploited to overcome a key challenge of FDM 3D printing, in particular the low resolution of these printers. We improved the feature size of the printed parts significantly by developing a post fabrication chemical etching protocol, which allowed us to access tip sizes as small as 1 μm. With 3D modeling software, various MN shapes were designed and printed rapidly with custom needle density, length, and shape. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that our method resulted in needle tip sizes in the range of 1 – 55 µm, which could successfully penetrate and break off into porcine skin. We have also shown that these MNs have comparable mechanical strengths to currently fabricated MNs and we further demonstrated how the swellability of PLA can be exploited to load small molecule drugs and how its degradability in skin can release those small molecules over time.

scholarly journals Controlling magnetic properties of 3D-printed magnetic elastomer structures via fused deposition modeling

AIP Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 025223
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Calascione ◽  
Nathan A. Fischer ◽  
Thomas J. Lee ◽  
Hannah G. Thatcher ◽  
Brittany B. Nelson-Cheeseman
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed

scholarly journals Pressure Orientation-Dependent Recovery of 3D-Printed PLA Objects with Varying Infill Degree

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Ehrmann ◽  
Andrea Ehrmann
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Static Load ◽  
Shape Memory Polymer ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Load Tests ◽  
3D Printed

Poly(lactic acid) is not only one of the most often used materials for 3D printing via fused deposition modeling (FDM), but also a shape-memory polymer. This means that objects printed from PLA can, to a certain extent, be deformed and regenerate their original shape automatically when they are heated to a moderate temperature of about 60–100 °C. It is important to note that pure PLA cannot restore broken bonds, so that it is necessary to find structures which can take up large forces by deformation without full breaks. Here we report on the continuation of previous tests on 3D-printed cubes with different infill patterns and degrees, now investigating the influence of the orientation of the applied pressure on the recovery properties. We find that for the applied gyroid pattern, indentation on the front parallel to the layers gives the worst recovery due to nearly full layer separation, while indentation on the front perpendicular to the layers or diagonal gives significantly better results. Pressing from the top, either diagonal or parallel to an edge, interestingly leads to a different residual strain than pressing from front, with indentation on top always firstly leading to an expansion towards the indenter after the first few quasi-static load tests. To quantitatively evaluate these results, new measures are suggested which could be adopted by other groups working on shape-memory polymers.

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