scholarly journals Experimental Study on a Microwave Composite Forming Process Based on a SiC Mold for Manufacturing Fiber Metal Laminate

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 5547
Author(s):  
Eu-Tteum Park ◽  
Jeong Kim ◽  
Beom-Soo Kang ◽  
Woojin Song
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Thickness Distribution ◽  
Microwave Oven ◽  
Process Time ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Fiber Metal Laminate ◽  
Composite Forming ◽  
Fiber Metal

The microwave composite forming (MCF) process can reduce manufacturing cost because the process time is reduced by the dielectric heating of the mold and the composite material. In a previous study, the MCF process using a commercial microwave oven with a polytetrafluoroethylene mold was applied. Disadvantages of the previous MCF process have been investigated. These included the difference in tensile properties according to the cutting location, absence of a method to measure temperature during the MCF process, and the fact that the input power cannot be controlled according to the temperature. To solve these problems, a microwave oven with a silicon carbide mold was proposed in this study. Uniaxial tensile tests were conducted to obtain the tensile properties of the fiber metal laminate (FML) specimen. In addition, a microscopic image was captured to investigate the non-adhesive area. The tensile properties and thickness distribution of the FML specimens manufactured by the proposed and previous MCF processes were compared according to the cutting location of the FML sheets. Furthermore, the non-adhesive area was quantified to compare the processes. The results revealed that the proposed MCF process improved the tensile properties of the FML specimen and reduced the non-adhesive area.

scholarly journals Springback Behavior of Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Laminates With Metal Cover Layers in V-Die Bending

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlon Hahn ◽  
Nooman Ben Khalifa ◽  
Christian Weddeling ◽  
Arash Shabaninejad
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Thickness Distribution ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Reinforced Plastic ◽  
Fiber Metal Laminate ◽  
Carbon Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Fiber Metal ◽  
Metal Layers ◽  
Springback Behavior ◽  
Suitable Process

The V-die bending of a carbon-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic laminate bonded to thin cover layers made of microalloyed steel was investigated. Such hybrid semifinished products are gaining importance in transport-related lightweight designs. Experiments were conducted for different forming temperatures and dwell times to determine suitable process parameters. The punch radius was varied to evaluate its influence on the springback/negative springback of the fiber–metal laminate (FML). The results, which are in good accordance with a simple analytical model, showed that the solidification of the composite core can compensate for the springback of the metal layers. Micrographs further revealed that the fiber orientation can affect the thickness distribution in the bend area.

Prediction of Process Forces in Fiber Metal Laminate Stamping

2017 ◽  
Vol 140 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlon Hahn ◽  
Nooman Ben Khalifa ◽  
Arash Shabaninejad
Keyword(s):  
Load Distribution ◽  
Core Layer ◽  
Force Measurements ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Punch Force ◽  
Thermoplastic Matrix ◽  
Process Forces ◽  
Fiber Metal Laminate ◽  
Fiber Metal ◽  
The Individual

The stamping of fiber metal laminates (FMLs) at thermoforming temperature of the thermoplastic matrix is investigated. The studied FML types consist of a unidirectional carbon fiber-reinforced core that is attached to metal cover layers either made of a steel or magnesium alloy. An analytical model is established in order to predict the process forces during forming, which are the blankholder force required to make the metal covers yield plastically, the punch force, and the corresponding load distribution on the individual layers (outer layer, core layer, and inner layer). The global forces are primarily verified through experimental force measurements, while numerical simulations are mainly performed to assess the resulting load distribution with the help of strain distributions in the cover layers. The results show that the introduced model can be applied successfully if the stamp-forming process is dominated by friction-induced tensional loading rather than by bending.

Investigation of Uniaxial Tensile Properties of AA6082 under HFQ® Conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 716 ◽  
pp. 337-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Li ◽  
Zhu Tao Shao ◽  
Jian Guo Lin ◽  
Trevor A. Dean
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Form Complex ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile Testing ◽  
Dog Bone ◽  
Gauge Section

For a metal forming process, the uniaxial tensile properties of a material are the most fundamental and important properties to investigate. Solution heat treatment, forming and in-die quenching (HFQ®) is a patented process to form complex shape panel components using aluminium alloys at high efficiency and low cost. A Gleeble materials thermo-mechanical simulator was used to conduct uniaxial tensile testing of AA6082 under HFQ® conditions. A set of grips were specially designed to reduce the heat loss of specimen during testing in a Gleeble and allow the strain measurement by using digital image correlation (DIC) system. A large dog-bone specimen with parallel length of 80mm was designed to minimise the temperature gradient along the gauge section. Temperature gradient was measured and uniaxial tensile tests were conducted at the range of deformation temperature of 350-535 °C and the range of strain rate of 0.1-4 /s. The uniaxial tensile properties of AA6082 at different temperatures and strain rates under HFQ® conditions were summarised and the viscoplastic response of the material was discussed.

A new constitutive bulk material model to predict the uniaxial tensile nonlinear behavior of fiber metal laminates

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gholam Hossein Majzoobi ◽  
Mohammad Kashfi ◽  
Nicola Bonora ◽  
Gianluca Iannitti ◽  
Andrew Ruggiero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Plastic Behavior ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
Fiber Metal Laminates ◽  
Constitutive Material Model ◽  
Fiber Metal Laminate ◽  
Fiber Metal

In this investigation, a constitutive material model to predict elastic–plastic behavior of fiber metal laminates is introduced. The constants of the model can be obtained from the geometry and mechanical properties of the sublayers. This model can significantly reduce the computational efforts and central processing unit time by ignoring the contact between the fiber metal laminate layers. The ability of the model to predict plastic behavior of material makes it applicable to different metallic layers. Mechanical properties of each sublayer are obtained from tensile tests. The results of finite element analysis of the fiber metal laminate specimens using layered and bulk models revealed that the influence of glue was ignorable. The proposed model was validated by performing tensile tests on fiber metal laminate grades I and II and also on low and high metal volume fraction.

GLARE Hydro-Mechanical Deep Drawing Analysis Based on the Forming Depth

2020 ◽  
Vol 982 ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Hamza Blala ◽  
Li Hui Lang ◽  
Ehsan Sherkatghanad ◽  
Lei Li
Keyword(s):  
Deep Drawing ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
Cavity Pressure ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Fiber Metal Laminate ◽  
Blank Holding Force ◽  
Fiber Metal ◽  
Blank Diameter

The Fiber metal laminates (FMLs) combine the advantages of fiber-reinforced polymer properties, like stiffness and strength, with metallic alloys, like toughness and durability. These hybrid materials can unravel some problems in the industrial sector, particularly in aerospace, and advanced automotive industry. Still, there are significant challenges in the GLARE sheets forming process even for small drawing ratios, notably smaller and complex-shaped fiber metal laminate with low thickness. As a case study, a cylindrical GLARE cup was chosen. This shape with sharp bends and vertical geometrical features, still face many challenges and difficulties in the forming process. Numerical simulations have been used utilizing ABAQUS and compared with the experimental results in the Hydro-mechanical deep drawing to achieve good forming quality with higher depth. An extensive investigation of the effect of process variables has been done such as cavity pressure, blank holding force, and blank diameter. Also, their roles in wrinkles formation, tearing and thinning, and formability has been performed. Furthermore, the friction in two cases; cured, and semi-cured condition, has been considered. The results show that the application of cavity pressure within specified limits has a positive effect on the quality of the formed cup and leads to higher depths. The same conclusion for the blank holder, which has a positive impact on wrinkling elimination and friction reducing between the aluminum layers and the fiberglass. The result shows that the semi-cured condition of the GLARE has a good effect on wrinkling reduction, due to the uniform movement of the fiberglass inside the aluminum layers. Understanding these parameters and the GLARE forming behavior and have a good selection of these parameters can give the advantage to achieve smaller and more complex shapes with higher depth, particularly for mass production. Finally, this study can extend the industrial application areas of FMLs and GLARE parts.

scholarly journals Springback Behavior of Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Laminates With Metal Cover Layers in V-Die Bending

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlon Hahn ◽  
Christian Weddeling ◽  
Nooman Ben Khalifa ◽  
Arash Shabaninejad
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Thickness Distribution ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Reinforced Plastic ◽  
Fiber Metal Laminate ◽  
Carbon Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Fiber Metal ◽  
Metal Layers ◽  
Springback Behavior ◽  
Suitable Process

The V-die bending of a carbon-fiber reinforced thermoplastic laminate bonded to thin cover layers made of microalloyed steel was investigated. Such hybrid semi-finished products are gaining importance in transport-related lightweight designs. Experiments were conducted for different forming temperatures and dwell times to determine suitable process parameters. The punch radius was varied to evaluate its influence on the springback/negative springback of the fiber-metal laminate (FML). The results, which are in good accordance with a simple analytical model, showed that the solidification of the composite core can compensate for the springback of the metal layers. Micrographs further revealed that the fiber orientation can affect the thickness distribution in the bend area.

Hydro-Mechanical Deep Drawing Simulation and Preparation of Novel Al-Li Alloy Irregular Cups

2015 ◽  
Vol 1089 ◽  
pp. 337-340
Author(s):  
Juan Ling ◽  
Hua Guan Li ◽  
Jie Tao ◽  
Xun Zhong Guo ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thickness Distribution ◽  
True Stress ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile Test ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Aluminum Lithium Alloy ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Aluminum Lithium

The true stress-strain curves of 2198-T3 aluminum-lithium alloy in three different orientations (0°,45° and 90°) were measured by uniaxial tensile test. Finite element analysis technique was used to simulate the forming process of irregular cup, and the hydro forming experiments were conducted with YB32-100t press machine. The results showed that the key forming parameter-n values were similar in three orientations. Simulation results illustrated that the thickness of the blank reached the lowest value at the round corner. Experimental results verified friction was a significant factor to manufacture a qualified competent. Meanwhile, the experimental results agreed well with the simulation ones. The practical thickness distribution of 2198-T3 irregular cup along the section line was coincided with simulation.

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