scholarly journals Fuzzy Numerical Solution via Finite Difference Scheme of Wave Equation in Double Parametrical Fuzzy Number Form

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 667
Author(s):  
Maryam Almutairi ◽  
Hamzeh Zureigat ◽  
Ahmad Izani Ismail ◽  
Ali Fareed Jameel

The use of fuzzy partial differential equations has become an important tool in which uncertainty or vagueness exists to model real-life problems. In this article, two numerical techniques based on finite difference schemes that are the centered time center space and implicit schemes to solve fuzzy wave equations were used. The core of the article is to formulate a new form of centered time center space and implicit schemes to obtain numerical solutions fuzzy wave equations in the double parametric fuzzy number approach. Convex normalized triangular fuzzy numbers are represented by fuzziness, based on a double parametric fuzzy number form. The properties of fuzzy set theory are used for the fuzzy analysis and formulation of the proposed numerical schemes followed by the new proof stability thermos under in the double parametric form of fuzzy numbers approach. The consistency and the convergence of the proposed scheme are discussed. Two test examples are carried out to illustrate the feasibility of the numerical schemes and the new results are displayed in the forms of tables and figures where the results show that the schemes have not only been effective for accuracy but also for reducing computational cost.

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 497
Author(s):  
Gary Corey Aldunate ◽  
Reynam C. Pestana

ABSTRACT. The 3-D acoustic wave equation is generally solved using finite difference schemes on the mesh which defines the velocity model. However, whennumerical solution of the wave equation is done by finite difference schemes, attention should be taken with respect to dispersion and numerical stability. To overcomethese problems, one alternative is to solve the wave equation in the Fourier domain. This approach is stabler and makes possible to separate the full wave equation inits unidirectional equations. Thus, the full wave equation is decoupled in two first order differential equations, namely two equations related to the vertical component:upgoing (-Z) and downgoing (+Z) unidirectional equations. Among the solution methods, we can highlight the Split-Step-Plus-Interpolation (SS-PSPI). This methodhas been proven to be quite adequate for migration problems in 3-D media, providing satisfactory results at low computational cost. In this work, 3-D seismic modelingis implemented using Huygens’ principle and an equivalent simulation of the full wave equation solution is obtained by properly applying the solutions of the twouncoupled equations. In this procedure, a point source wavefield located at the surface is extrapolated downward recursively until the last depth level in the velocityfield is reached. A second extrapolation is done in order to extrapolate the wavefield upwards, from the last depth level to the surface level, and at each depth level thepreviously stored wavefield (saved during the downgoing step) is convolved with a reflectivity model in order to simulate secondary sources. To perform depth pre-stackmigration of 3-D datasets, the decoupled wave equations were used and the same process described for seismic modeling is applied for the propagation of sources andreceivers wavefields. Thus, depth migrated images are obtained using appropriate image conditions: the upgoing and downgoing wavefields of sources and receiversare correlated and the migrated images are formed. The seismic modeling and migration methods using upgoing and downgoing wavefields were tested on simple 3-Dmodels. Tests showed that the addition of upgoing wavefield in seismic migration, provide better result and highlight steep deep reflectors which do not appear in theresults using only downgoing wavefields.Keywords: 3-D seismic modeling and migration, Upoing and downgoing wavefields, Split-Step Phase Shift Plus Interpolation method, Decoupled wave equations,One-Way equations.RESUMO. A equação da onda acústica tridimensional é normalmente resolvida usando-se esquemas de diferenças finitas sobre a malha que define o modelo develocidade. Entretanto, deve-se ter cuidado com a dispersão e a estabilidade numérica durante o processo de propagação da onda na malha. Uma outra alternativa, bastante eficiente de se resolver a equação completa da onda, é desacoplando-a em duas equações de onda unidirecionais no domínio transformado de Fourier (solução pseudo-espectral). Assim, a equação completa da onda é separada em duas equações diferenciais de primeira ordem relativa á componente vertical: equação da ondaascendente (-Z) e da onda descendente (+Z). Normalmente, a equação unidirecional é resolvida com diferentes ordens de aproximação. Entre esses métodos, podemos destacar o método “Split-Step-Plus-Interpolation” (SS-PSPI), que tem sido bastante adequado para problemas de migração em meios 3-D, fornecendo resultados aum baixo custo computacional. Neste trabalho, o modelamento sísmico 3-D foi implementado usando-se o princípio de Huygens com as duas equações de onda unidirecionais desacopladas. Com o objetivo de simular uma solução equivalente à solução da equação completa, uma fonte pontual localizada na superfície é extrapoladaem profundidade, de forma recursiva, até atingir o último nível de profundidade na malha do modelo de velocidades. Uma segunda extrapolação é realizada para extrapolar para cima o campo de onda, desde o último nível em profundidade até à superfície do modelo. Assim, os receptores localizados na superfície registram ocampo de onda ascendente, que trazem informações dos refletores em subsuperfície na forma de reflexões e difrações. Para realizar a migração pré-empilhamento em profundidade de dados 3-D, usando-se as equações de onda desacopladas, o mesmo procedimento descrito para o modelamento sísmico é utilizado para a propagação dos campos de onda de fontes e receptores. Imagens migradas são obtidas usando-se condições de imagem apropriadas, onde os campos de onda da fonte e dos receptores, descendente e ascendente, são correlacionados. Sobre modelos 3-D simples foram testados os métodos de modelamento e migração, levando em conta oscampos de onda ascendente e descendente. Ficando, assim, evidenciado que no método de migração sísmica, proposto aqui, a adição do campo de onda ascendente fornece um melhor resultado, ressaltando os refletores íngremes que não aparecem nos resultados utilizando-se apenas a extrapolação do campo de onda descendente.Palavras-chave: Migração e modelagem sísmica 3-D, Migração em duas etapas mais interpolação, equações de ondas unidirecionais.


Author(s):  
Marc E. Songolo ◽  
Brigitte Bidégaray-Fesquet

In this paper, we present splitting schemes for the two-level Bloch model. After proposing two ways to split the Bloch equation, we show that it is possible in each case to generate exact numerical solutions of the obtained sub-equations. These exact solutions involve matrix exponentials which can be expensive to compute. Here, for [Formula: see text] matrices we develop equivalent formulations which reduce the computational cost. These splitting schemes are nonstandard ones and conserve all the physical properties (Hermicity, positiveness and trace) of Bloch equations. In addition, they are explicit, making effective their implementation when coupled with the Maxwell’s equations.


Author(s):  
Jairo Rodríguez-Padilla ◽  
Daniel Olmos-Liceaga

The implementation of numerical methods to solve and study equations for cardiac wave propagation in realistic geometries is very costly, in terms of computational resources. The aim of this work is to show the improvement that can be obtained with Chebyshev polynomials-based methods over the classical finite difference schemes to obtain numerical solutions of cardiac models. To this end, we present a Chebyshev multidomain (CMD) Pseudospectral method to solve a simple two variable cardiac models on three-dimensional anisotropic media and we show the usefulness of the method over the traditional finite differences scheme widely used in the literature.


1995 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
DING LEE ◽  
WILLIAM L. SIEGMANN

The application of finite difference schemes to handle a horizontal interface between two media gives numerically adequate results, as evidenced in the solution of parabolic wave equations with density variations. Using the same finite difference schemes for handling a stair-step approximation to an irregular interface gives satisfactory results provided that the slope angle is small, but a small error is introduced. In the event that the slope angle is not small, this error has to be handled carefully since it may influence the results. Using an analysis of the error, this paper derives a closed form expression for a correction term. An irregular interface can then be handled adequately by the same numerical treatment used for the horizontal interface by applying this correction term. A test case is presented to demonstrate the inaccuracy of using one standard numerical horizontal interface treatment and to show how our new development improves the accuracy.


Geophysics ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. T17-T40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiming Ren ◽  
Yang Liu

Staggered-grid finite-difference (SFD) methods are widely used in modeling seismic-wave propagation, and the coefficients of finite-difference (FD) operators can be estimated by minimizing dispersion errors using Taylor-series expansion (TE) or optimization. We developed novel optimal time-space-domain SFD schemes for acoustic- and elastic-wave-equation modeling. In our schemes, a fourth-order multiextreme value objective function with respect to FD coefficients was involved. To yield the globally optimal solution with low computational cost, we first used variable substitution to turn our optimization problem into a quadratic convex one and then used least-squares (LS) to derive the optimal SFD coefficients by minimizing the relative error of time-space-domain dispersion relations over a given frequency range. To ensure the robustness of our schemes, a constraint condition was imposed that the dispersion error at each frequency point did not exceed a given threshold. Moreover, the hybrid absorbing boundary condition was applied to remove artificial boundary reflections. We compared our optimal SFD with the conventional, TE-based time-space-domain, and LS-based SFD schemes. Dispersion analysis and numerical simulation results suggested that the new SFD schemes had a smaller numerical dispersion than the other three schemes when the same operator lengths were adopted. In addition, our LS-based time-space-domain SFD can obtain the same modeling accuracy with shorter spatial operator lengths. We also derived the stability condition of our schemes. The experiment results revealed that our new LS-based SFD schemes needed a slightly stricter stability condition.


2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinsong Hu ◽  
Bing Hu ◽  
Youcai Xu

We study the initial-boundary problem of dissipative symmetric regularized long wave equations with damping term. Crank-Nicolson nonlinear-implicit finite difference scheme is designed. Existence and uniqueness of numerical solutions are derived. It is proved that the finite difference scheme is of second-order convergence and unconditionally stable by the discrete energy method. Numerical simulations verify the theoretical analysis.


2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (04) ◽  
pp. 613-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
EVANGELIA T. FLOURI ◽  
JOHN A. EKATERINARIS ◽  
NIKOLAOS A. KAMPANIS

Efficient, high-order accurate methods for the numerical solution of the standard (narrow-angle) parabolic equation for underwater sound propagation are developed. Explicit and implicit numerical schemes, which are second- or higher-order accurate in time-like marching and fourth-order accurate in the space-like direction are presented. The explicit schemes have severe stability limitations and some of the proposed high-order accurate implicit methods were found conditionally stable. The efficiency and accuracy of various numerical methods are evaluated for Cartesian-type meshes. The standard parabolic equation is transformed to body fitted curvilinear coordinates. An unconditionally stable, implicit finite-difference scheme is used for numerical solutions in complex domains with deformed meshes. Simple boundary conditions are used and the accuracy of the numerical solutions is evaluated by comparing with an exact solution. Numerical solutions in complex domains obtained with a finite element method show excellent agreement with results obtained with the proposed finite difference methods.


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