scholarly journals Chitosan Use in Dentistry: A Systematic Review of Recent Clinical Studies

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cicciù ◽  
Fiorillo ◽  
Cervino
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Biomedical Field

This study aims to highlight the latest marine-derived technologies in the biomedical field. The dental field, in particular, uses many marine-derived biomaterials, including chitosan. Chitosan that is used in different fields of medicine, is analyzed in this review with the aim of highlighting its uses and advantages in the dental field. A literature search was conducted in scientific search engines, using keywords in order to achieve the highest possible number of results. A review of randomized controlled trials (RCT) was conducted to evaluate and process all the relevant results for chitosan and oral health. After a screening and a careful analysis of the literature, there were only 12 results highlighted. Chitosan performs different functions and it is used in different fields of dentistry in a safe and effective way. Among the uses of chitosan, we report on the remineralizing property of chitosan which hardens tissues of the tooth, and therefore its role as a desensibilizer used in toothpastes. According to our systematic review, the use of chitosan has shown better surgical healing of post-extraction oral wounds. Furthermore, some studies show a reduction in bacterial biofilm when used in dental cements. In addition, it has antibacterial, antifungal, hemostatic and other systemic properties which aid its use for drug delivering.

Teledentistry and mHealth for Promotion and Prevention of Oral Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 002203452110038
Author(s):  
C.E. Fernández ◽  
C.A. Maturana ◽  
S.I. Coloma ◽  
A. Carrasco-Labra ◽  
R.A. Giacaman
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Large Reduction ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Standardized Mean Difference

The dental profession has experienced a dramatic acceleration in the use of communication systems and information-based technologies over recent years, originating new paradigms for the prevention and promotion of oral health. The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the effect of teledentistry-based (telematic) strategies, reported in randomized controlled trials and quasi-randomized trials, with a focus on oral health prevention and promotion–related outcomes in patients of all ages. We searched Medline via PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science from inception until August 2020, regardless of the language of publication. We selected studies for inclusion and conducted data extraction, assessed risk of bias (Cochrane tool), and evaluated the certainty of the evidence (GRADE approach) in duplicate and independently. Out of 898 potentially eligible references, we selected 43 for full-text screening, of which 19 studies proved eligible: 18 randomized controlled trials and 1 quasi-randomized study. Virtual interventions were mostly asynchronous via apps ( n = 9), text messages ( n = 9), or computer-aided learning ( n = 1). The use of teledentistry as compared with conventional strategies may result in a large reduction in the plaque index (standardized mean difference, −1.18; 95% CI, −1.54 to −0.82; I2 = 92%; low certainty) and will likely result in a large reduction in the gingival index (standardized mean difference, −2.17; 95% CI, −3.15 to −1.19; I2 = 97%; moderate certainty) and in the incidence of white spot lesions (risk ratio, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.35 to 0.66; I2 = 0%; moderate certainty), with an increased effect over time. Evidence suggests that teledentistry, particularly mHealth (messages and apps), is a promising clinical tool for preventing and promoting oral health, especially under the accelerated virtualization of dentistry. Future studies should include a broader spectrum of the population, including adults and elders, to better inform policy and implementation of teledentistry (PROSPERO: CRD42020192685).

Motivational Interviewing in Improving Oral Health: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

2014 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 426-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoli Gao ◽  
Edward Chin Man Lo ◽  
Shirley Ching Ching Kot ◽  
Kevin Chi Wai Chan
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Motivational Interviewing ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled

scholarly journals Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang Yu ◽  
Runfeng Zhang ◽  
Yi-li Mao ◽  
Heng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Clinical Endpoints ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Abstract Background and Objectives: The adjuvant treatment of stem cell therapy for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has been studied in multiple clinical trials, but many questions remain to be answered, such as the best seed cells, transplant dosage, and transplant timing. We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to explore the issues related to the treatment of AMI based on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation and to guide the design of subsequent clinical studies to achieve better clinical endpoints.Methods: The Pubmed, Embase databases, and Cochrane Library were searched for clinical studies between January 1, 2000, and January 23, 2021. Studies that evaluated the effect of MSCs transplantation on AMI were identifified. According to the Cochrane systematic review method, the literature quality of the included studies was evaluated, and valid data were extracted. RevMan 5.3 and Stata 15.1 software were used for Meta-analysis.Results: After a literature search and detailed evaluation, 9 randomized controlled trials with a total of 460 individuals were included in the quantitative analysis. Pooled analyses indicated that MSCs transplantation was associated with a greater improvement of left-ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (mean difference [MD], 3.08%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.81 to 4.35; P< 0.00001; I2=89%) than controls. A subgroup analysis was conducted to explore the results according to differences in follow-up time, transplantation dose and time of MSCs injected. The improvement effect of LVEF was maintained for up to 24 months after MSCs treatment. For transplantation dose, the LVEF of patients who accepted a MSC dose of 107-108 cells exhibited an LVEF improvement of 2.62% (95% CI 1.54 to 3.70; P < 0.00001; I2 =0%), but this improvement was insignificant in the subgroup that accepted a MSC dose of < 107 cells (1.65% in LVEF, 95% CI, 0.03 to 3.27; P=0.05; I2 =75%) or >108 cells (4.65% in LVEF, 95% CI, -4.55 to 13.48; P=0.32; I2 =95%), compared with the control. The LVEF of patients accepting a MSCs infusion within 2 to 14 days after Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was significantly increased by 3.18% (95% CI, 2.89 to 3.47; P<0.00001; I2 = 0). MSCs therapy was not associated with an increased risk of major adverse events.Conclusion: Results from our systematic review suggest that MSCs transplantation can improve the heart function of patients with AMI, and the effect was maintained for up to 24 months. MSC dose of 107-108 cells was more likely to achieve better clinical endpoints than <107 or >108 cells. The optimal time window for cell transplantation may be within 2-14 days after PCI.

scholarly journals Impact of Meal Frequency on Anthropometric Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1108-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Schwingshackl ◽  
Kai Nitschke ◽  
Jasmin Zähringer ◽  
Karin Bischoff ◽  
Szimonetta Lohner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Meal Frequency ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Robust Evidence

ABSTRACT The relation between meal frequency and measures of obesity is inconclusive. Therefore, this systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) set out to compare the isocaloric effects of different meal frequencies on anthropometric outcomes and energy intake (EI). A systematic literature search was conducted in 3 electronic databases (Medline, Cochrane Library, Web of Science; search date, 11 March 2019). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included with ≥2 wk intervention duration comparing any 2 of the eligible isocaloric meal frequencies (i.e., 1 to ≥8 meals/d). Random-effects NMA was performed for 4 outcomes [body weight (BW), waist circumference (WC), fat mass (FM), and EI], and surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) was estimated using a frequentist approach (P-score: value is between 0 and 1). Twenty-two RCTs with 647 participants were included. Our results suggest that 2 meals/d probably slightly reduces BW compared with 3 meals/d [mean difference (MD): −1.02 kg; 95% CI: −1.70, −0.35 kg) or 6 meals/d (MD: −1.29 kg; 95% CI: −1.74, −0.84 kg; moderate certainty of evidence). We are uncertain whether 1 or 2 meals/d reduces BW compared with ≥8 meals/d (MD1 meal/d vs. ≥8 meals/d: −2.25 kg; 95% CI: −5.13, 0.63 kg; MD2 meals/d vs. ≥8 meals/d: −1.32 kg; 95% CI: −2.19, −0.45 kg) and whether 1 meal/d probably reduces FM compared with 3 meals/d (MD: −1.84 kg; 95% CI: −3.72, 0.05 kg; very low certainty of evidence). Two meals per day compared with 6 meals/d probably reduce WC (MD: −3.77 cm; 95% CI: −4.68, −2.86 cm; moderate certainty of evidence). One meal per day was ranked as the best frequency for reducing BW (P-score: 0.81), followed by 2 meals/d (P-score: 0.74), whereas 2 meals/d performed best for WC (P-score: 0.96). EI was not affected by meal frequency. In conclusion, our findings indicate that there is little robust evidence that reducing meal frequency is beneficial.

The use of leucocyte-depleting and conventional arterial line filters in cardiac surgery: a systematic review of clinical studies

Perfusion ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 433-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
D C Whitaker ◽  
J A Stygall ◽  
S P Newman ◽  
M JG Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Additional Benefit ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Arterial Line ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Definite Effect

Although various forms of arterial line filter have been available for use during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) for 30 years, their use is not universal. The aim of this review was to seek evidence of the clinical benefit of using conventional or leucocyte-depleting arterial line filters during bypass. A literature search revealed 28 relevant clinical studies. Despite the wide variety of patient populations, types of filter and outcome measures utilized in studies, a few conclusions are possible. Whereas conventional filtration has the definite effect of reducing neuropsychological deficit post-CPB, the results of studies using the leucocyte-depleting filter are less clear cut. Leucocyte-depleting filters have potential for reducing inflammatory mediated heart and lung injury, however it is recommended that any additional benefit of leucocyte-depleting filters over conventional filters should be further tested by randomized controlled trials of sufficient size.

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