Structural Analysis of Brain Hub Region Volume and Cortical Thickness in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia

Background and Objectives: A complex network of axonal pathways interlinks the human brain cortex. Brain networks are not distributed evenly, and brain regions making more connections with other parts are defined as brain hubs. Our objective was to analyze brain hub region volume and cortical thickness and determine the association with cognitive assessment scores in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we included 11 patients (5 mild cognitive impairment; 6 dementia). All patients underwent neurological examination, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test scores were recorded. Scans with a 3T MRI scanner were done, and cortical thickness and volumetric data were acquired using Freesurfer 7.1.0 software. Results: By analyzing differences between the MCI and dementia groups, MCI patients had higher hippocampal volumes (p < 0.05) and left entorhinal cortex thickness (p < 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between MoCA test scores and left hippocampus volume (r = 0.767, p < 0.01), right hippocampus volume (r = 0.785, p < 0.01), right precuneus cortical thickness (r = 0.648, p < 0.05), left entorhinal cortex thickness (r = 0.767, p < 0.01), and right entorhinal cortex thickness (r = 0.612, p < 0.05). Conclusions: In our study, hippocampal volume and entorhinal cortex showed significant differences in the MCI and dementia patient groups. Additionally, we found a statistically significant positive correlation between MoCA scores, hippocampal volume, entorhinal cortex thickness, and right precuneus. Although other brain hub regions did not show statistically significant differences, there should be additional research to evaluate the brain hub region association with MCI and dementia.

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Decreased White Matter Integrity in Neuropsychologically Defined Mild Cognitive Impairment Is Independent of Cortical Thinning

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society ◽

10.1017/s1355617713000660 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 19 (8) ◽

pp. 925-937 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Nikki H. Stricker ◽

David H. Salat ◽

Jessica M. Foley ◽

Tyler A. Zink ◽

Ida L. Kellison ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

White Matter ◽

Cortical Thickness ◽

Gray Matter ◽

Diffusion Tensor ◽

A Priori ◽

Hippocampal Volume ◽

White Matter Integrity ◽

White Matter Changes

AbstractImproved understanding of the pattern of white matter changes in early and prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD) states such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is necessary to support earlier preclinical detection of AD, and debate remains whether white matter changes in MCI are secondary to gray matter changes. We applied neuropsychologically based MCI criteria to a sample of normally aging older adults; 32 participants met criteria for MCI and 81 participants were classified as normal control (NC) subjects. Whole-head high resolution T1 and diffusion tensor imaging scans were completed. Tract-Based Spatial Statistics was applied and a priori selected regions of interest were extracted. Hippocampal volume and cortical thickness averaged across regions with known vulnerability to AD were derived. Controlling for cortical thickness, the MCI group showed decreased average fractional anisotropy (FA) and decreased FA in parietal white matter and in white matter underlying the entorhinal and posterior cingulate cortices relative to the NC group. Statistically controlling for cortical thickness, medial temporal FA was related to memory and parietal FA was related to executive functioning. These results provide further support for the potential role of white matter integrity as an early biomarker for individuals at risk for AD and highlight that changes in white matter may be independent of gray matter changes. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–13)

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P3-031: THE CRITICAL PATH FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: HIPPOCAMPAL VOLUME AS AN ENRICHMENT BIOMARKER IN TRIALS OF PATIENTS WITH MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT

Alzheimer s & Dementia ◽

10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.1386 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 14 (7S_Part_20) ◽

pp. P1076-P1076

Author(s):

Daniela J. Conrado ◽

Timothy Nicholas ◽

Jackson Burton ◽

Stephen P. Arnerić ◽

Danny Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Critical Path ◽

Hippocampal Volume

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Psychometric Properties of the Persian Montreal Cognitive Assessment in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer Disease

Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra ◽

10.1159/000514673 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 51-57

Author(s):

Vahid Rashedi ◽

Mahshid Foroughan ◽

Negin Chehrehnegar

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Alzheimer Disease ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Cognitive Assessment ◽

Screening Test ◽

Cognitive Status ◽

Montreal Cognitive Assessment ◽

Cutoff Score ◽

Persian Version

Introduction: The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a cognitive screening test widely used in clinical practice and suited for the detection of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). The aims were to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian MoCA as a screening test for mild cognitive dysfunction in Iranian older adults and to assess its accuracy as a screening test for MCI and mild Alzheimer disease (AD). Method: One hundred twenty elderly with a mean age of 73.52 ± 7.46 years participated in this study. Twenty-one subjects had mild AD (MMSE score ≤21), 40 had MCI, and 59 were cognitively healthy controls. All the participants were administered the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) to evaluate their general cognitive status. Also, a battery of comprehensive neuropsychological assessments was administered. Results: The mean score on the Persian version of the MoCA and the MMSE were 19.32 and 25.62 for MCI and 13.71 and 22.14 for AD patients, respectively. Using an optimal cutoff score of 22 the MoCA test detected 86% of MCI subjects, whereas the MMSE with a cutoff score of 26 detected 72% of MCI subjects. In AD patients with a cutoff score of 20, the MoCA had a sensitivity of 94% whereas the MMSE detected 61%. The specificity of the MoCA was 70% and 90% for MCI and AD, respectively. Discussion: The results of this study show that the Persian version of the MoCA is a reliable screening tool for detection of MCI and early stage AD. The MoCA is more sensitive than the MMSE in screening for cognitive impairment, proving it to be superior to MMSE in detecting MCI and mild AD.

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P3-097: SHORTENED VERSIONS OF MONTREAL COGNITIVE ASSESSMENT (MOCA) ARE FEASIBLE FOR SCREENING OF MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND DEMENTIA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF 33 CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES

Alzheimer s & Dementia ◽

10.1016/j.jalz.2019.06.3124 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

pp. P962-P966

Author(s):

Joyce YC. Chan ◽

Kelvin KF. Tsoi ◽

Tak Kit Chan ◽

Adrian Wong ◽

Timothy CY. Kwok ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Cognitive Assessment ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Montreal Cognitive Assessment ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cross Sectional Studies

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Use of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Test to Investigate the Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly Elective Surgical Population

Anaesthesia and Intensive Care ◽

10.1177/0310057x1604400507 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 44 (5) ◽

pp. 581-586 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

N. A. Smith ◽

Y. Y. Yeow

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Cognitive Assessment ◽

The Elderly ◽

Montreal Cognitive Assessment

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Cortical thickness in single- versus multiple-domain amnestic mild cognitive impairment

NeuroImage ◽

10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.02.042 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 289-297 ◽

Cited By ~ 99

Author(s):

Sang Won Seo ◽

Kiho Im ◽

Jong-Min Lee ◽

Yun-Hee Kim ◽

Sung Tae Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Cortical Thickness ◽

Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Single Versus ◽

Multiple Domain

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Entorhinal cortex volume is associated with episodic memory related brain activation in normal aging and amnesic mild cognitive impairment

Brain Imaging and Behavior ◽

10.1007/s11682-011-9117-4 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 126-136 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Mehul A. Trivedi ◽

Travis R. Stoub ◽

Christopher M. Murphy ◽

Sarah George ◽

Leyla deToledo-Morrell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Episodic Memory ◽

Entorhinal Cortex ◽

Brain Activation ◽

Normal Aging ◽

Amnesic Mild Cognitive Impairment

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Relationship between Cognitive Performance and Measures of Neurodegeneration among Hispanic and White Non-Hispanic Individuals with Normal Cognition, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Dementia

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society ◽

10.1017/s1355617717000820 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 176-187 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Shanna L. Burke ◽

Miriam J. Rodriguez ◽

Warren Barker ◽

Maria T Greig-Custo ◽

Monica Rosselli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Cognitive Performance ◽

Entorhinal Cortex ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Structural Mri ◽

Diagnostic Group ◽

Disease Stage ◽

Clinical Dementia Rating ◽

Mild Dementia

AbstractObjectives:The aim of this study was to determine the presence and severity of potential cultural and language bias in widely used cognitive and other assessment instruments, using structural MRI measures of neurodegeneration as biomarkers of disease stage and severity.Methods:Hispanic (n=75) and White non-Hispanic (WNH) (n=90) subjects were classified as cognitively normal (CN), amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and mild dementia. Performance on the culture-fair and educationally fair Fuld Object Memory Evaluation (FOME) and Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR) between Hispanics and WNHs was equivalent, in each diagnostic group. Volumetric and visually rated measures of the hippocampus entorhinal cortex, and inferior lateral ventricles (ILV) were measured on structural MRI scans for all subjects. A series of analyses of covariance, controlling for age, depression, and education, were conducted to compare the level of neurodegeneration on these MRI measures between Hispanics and WNHs in each diagnostic group.Results:Among both Hispanics and WNH groups there was a progressive decrease in volume of the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex, and an increase in volume of the ILV (indicating increasing atrophy in the regions surrounding the ILV) from CN to aMCI to mild dementia. For equivalent levels of performance on the FOME and CDR, WNHs had greater levels of neurodegeneration than did Hispanic subjects.Conclusions:Atrophy in medial temporal regions was found to be greater among WNH than Hispanic diagnostic groups, despite the lack of statistical differences in cognitive performance between these two ethnic groups. Presumably, unmeasured factors result in better cognitive performance among WNH than Hispanics for a given level of neurodegeneration. (JINS, 2018,24, 176–187)

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