scholarly journals Thermodynamic Limitations and Exergy Analysis of Brackish Water Reverse Osmosis Desalination Process

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Alanood A. Alsarayreh ◽  
Mudhar A. Al-Obaidi ◽  
Alejandro Ruiz-García ◽  
Raj Patel ◽  
Iqbal M. Mujtaba

The reverse osmosis (RO) process is one of the most popular membrane technologies for the generation of freshwater from seawater and brackish water resources. An industrial scale RO desalination consumes a considerable amount of energy due to the exergy destruction in several units of the process. To mitigate these limitations, several colleagues focused on delivering feasible options to resolve these issues. Most importantly, the intention was to specify the most units responsible for dissipating energy. However, in the literature, no research has been done on the analysis of exergy losses and thermodynamic limitations of the RO system of the Arab Potash Company (APC). Specifically, the RO system of the APC is designed as a medium-sized, multistage, multi pass spiral wound brackish water RO desalination plant with a capacity of 1200 m3/day. Therefore, this paper intends to fill this gap and critically investigate the distribution of exergy destruction by incorporating both physical and chemical exergies of several units and compartments of the RO system. To carry out this study, a sub-model of exergy analysis was collected from the open literature and embedded into the original RO model developed by the authors of this study. The simulation results explored the most sections that cause the highest energy destruction. Specifically, it is confirmed that the major exergy destruction happens in the product stream with 95.8% of the total exergy input. However, the lowest exergy destruction happens in the mixing location of permeate of the first pass of RO desalination system with 62.28% of the total exergy input.

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 984-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Yargholi ◽  
H. Kariman ◽  
S. Hoseinzadeh ◽  
M. Bidi ◽  
A. Naseri

Abstract In this research, the integrated carbon dioxide power cycle with a geothermal energy source to supply the required reverse osmosis desalination power for freshwater production is defined. It is also a carbon dioxide power cycle, coupled with thermal energy recovery of infrared energy of liquid natural gas (LNG) to generate more power. A sodium hypochlorite generator is considered to prevent the brine water discharging. The brine water portion of the desalination outlet was the input to this generator. The cycling power is consumed by the desalination system and sodium hypochlorite generator. After modeling, the advanced exergy analyses are studied. By exergy analysis, it is observed that in this model the condenser has the highest exergy destruction rate, equal to 952 kW. Additionally, the unavoidable part of the exergy destruction of carbon dioxide turbine constitutes 88% of its exergy destruction that is equal to 301 kW. So this component is the best option to improve exergy destruction.


2016 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 101-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Alghoul ◽  
P. Poovanaesvaran ◽  
M.H. Mohammed ◽  
A.M. Fadhil ◽  
A.F. Muftah ◽  
...  

Desalination ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 380 ◽  
pp. 60-65
Author(s):  
Naum Fraidenraich ◽  
Olga de Castro Vilela ◽  
Milton dos Santos Viana ◽  
Jeffrey M. Gordon

TECHNOLOGY ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 36-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingsong Tu ◽  
Tiange Li ◽  
Ao Deng ◽  
Kevin Zhu ◽  
Yifei Liu ◽  
...  

A scale-up nanoporous membrane centrifuge is designed and modeled. It can be used for nanoscale scale separation including reverse osmosis desalination. There are micron-size pores on the wall of the centrifuge and nanoscale pores on local graphene membrane patches that cover the micron-size pores. In this work, we derived the critical angular velocity required to counter-balance osmosis force, so that the reverse-osmosis (RO) desalination process can proceed. To validate this result, we conducted a large scale (four million atoms) full atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to examine the critical angular velocity required for reverse osmosis at nanoscale. It is shown that the analytical results derived based on fluid mechanics and the simulation results observed in MD simulation are consistent and well matched. The main advantage of such nanomaterial based centrifuge is its intrinsic anti-fouling ability to clear [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] ions accumulated at the vicinity of the pores due to the Coriolis effect. Analyses have been conducted to study the relation between osmotic pressure, centrifugal pressure, and water permeability.


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