scholarly journals Verification of Possibility of Molten Steels Decopperization with ZnAl2O4

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2030
Author(s):  
Xingwen Wei ◽  
Steffen Dudczig ◽  
Dmitry Chebykin ◽  
Christos G. Aneziris ◽  
Olena Volkova
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Layer ◽  
Copper Content ◽  
Interaction Process ◽  
Evaporation Process ◽  
Complex Composition ◽  
Copper Loss ◽  
Alloy Droplet ◽  
Cu Alloys ◽  
Gas Atmosphere ◽  
Iron Based

In the previous research works, ZnAl2O4 material was considered as one of the solutions for the decopperization process of molten steels; up to 33% of decopperization efficiency was reported by utilising the ZnAl2O4 filter. In order to verify the decopperization possibility of ZnAl2O4 materials, iron-based alloys with various copper and carbon contents were interacted with ZnAl2O4 substrates in a heating microscope under an argon gas atmosphere at 1600 °C. Fe-Cu alloys were found to react with the ZnAl2O4 substrate during the interaction process, and a reaction layer with a complex composition around the alloy droplet was formed; however, Cu was not detected in the reaction layer. Cu was later found diffused inside of the ZnAl2O4 substrates. Furthermore, the Cu-Zn compounds were detected when the copper content in Fe-Cu alloys was 10 wt% Cu. After interaction experiments, copper was decreased in all cases. Thereby, the copper evaporation and infiltration into the ZnAl2O4 substrate were considered as the reasons for copper loss. Moreover, oxygen dissolved in melt was found to have a great effect on the copper evaporation process.

Investigation of in situ synthesized TiB2 particles in iron-based composite coatings processed by hybrid submerged arc welding

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 630-638
Author(s):  
Mustafa Kaptanoglu ◽  
Mehmet Eroglu
Keyword(s):  
Arc Welding ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Tib2 Particle ◽  
Submerged Arc Welding ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Gas Atmosphere ◽  
Iron Based ◽  
Tib2 Particles ◽  
Submerged Arc

Abstract In the study for this contribution, production of in situ synthesized TiB2 particles in iron-based composite coatings using four different submerged arc welding powders (fluxes) containing increasing amounts of ferrotitanium and ferroboron with S1 welding wire, were targeted. For this purpose, coating deposition was carried out to improve the hardness and wear properties of the AISI 1020 steel surfaces using hybrid submerged arc welding. In hybrid submerged arc welding, the welding pool is protected by both welding powders and an argon gas atmosphere. To examine the composite coatings, visual, chemical, microstructural analyses and hardness and wear tests were carried out. With the use of increasing amounts of ferrotitanium and ferroboron in the welding powders, it was observed that the microstructure of the coatings changed in terms of TiB2 particle geometries such as rectangular and hexagonal; volume fractions of TiB2 particles in the coating microstructures increased; hardness values of coatings were enhanced from 34 HRC to 41 HRC; the wear resistance of the coatings improved, and worn surface images of the coatings caused by the counter body changed from continuous with deep scratches to discontinuous with fine scratches and crater cavities.

LIGHT EMISSION DURING EVAPORATION OF Ge IN AN Ar-GAS ATMOSPHERE

1996 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 499-504
Author(s):  
Y. SASAKI ◽  
J. SATO ◽  
A. KASUYA ◽  
Y. NISHINA
Keyword(s):  
Emission Spectrum ◽  
Emission Intensity ◽  
Light Emission ◽  
Evaporation Process ◽  
Vapor Density ◽  
Gas Atmosphere ◽  
High Emission ◽  
Evaporation Source ◽  
Ar Gas ◽  
High Emission Intensity

We have observed light emission from Ar atoms [Ar(I)], Ge atoms [Ge(I)]/clusters[Ge2], and Ge ions [Ge(II)] during the evaporation process of Ge in an Ar-gas atmosphere of a few Torr. The Ar(I) lines are observed regardless of whether the crucible is empty or filled with Ge. Ar atoms are excited through discharge initiated by electrons thermionically emitted from the hot W wire heating the crucible and accelerated by the potential applied to the wire. Since the emission due to Ge is observed only when the Ar(I) lines are observed, it is concluded that Ge atoms are excited by excited Ar atoms and possibly ions. Intensities of Ar(I) lines decrease by transferring energy to Ge atoms/clusters if the density of Ge vapor is high. Emission intensity diminishes with distance from the crucible surrounded by a heat reflector and a water-cooled shroud, dropping most rapidly for Ge(II), and progressively less rapidly for Ge(I), Ar(I), and Ge2. The Ge(II) lines are stronger for lower Ar pressures and for lower Ge vapor density, while the Ge2 line is stronger for higher Ar pressures. The relative intensities of Ar(I), Ge(I), GE(II), and Ge2 also depend on the structure of the evaporation source. Reabsorption of emitted light by Ge clusters modifies the profile of the emission spectrum at ~3.7 and 4.3 eV.

Rheological Properties of Molten Al-Cu Alloys for Manufacturing Metallic Foam

2006 ◽  
Vol 116-117 ◽  
pp. 656-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo Han Park ◽  
Yong Su Um ◽  
Bo Young Hur
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Anomalous Behavior ◽  
Metallic Foam ◽  
Cu Alloys ◽  
Gas Atmosphere ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Ring Method ◽  
Ar Gas ◽  
Increasing Temperature

The surface tension and the viscosity characteristics of molten metal are the most important factors in casting process and metallic foam manufacturing especially. The surface tension (by the modified ring method) and the viscosity (by the rotational method) of molten Al-Cu alloys have been measured under high purity Ar gas atmosphere. The surface tension and the viscosity of Al-Cu alloys were investigated in the temperature range of 660-800oC, and the effects of the additional elements were investigated at the 660~680. The result show that the surface tension and viscosity of these alloys decrease with increasing temperature together. The viscosity of Al-Cu alloys near the melting point is about 4.7 to 5.7 [mPa.s]. The effect of additional thickening elements has the tendency that is the surface tension decreased and the viscosity increased. This anomalous behavior has the relation of the preferential adsorption of high activity elements on the surface.

Cluster Dynamics Simulation of Reactor Pressure Vessel Steels under Irradiation

2008 ◽  
Vol 277 ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandr R. Gokhman ◽  
F. Bergner ◽  
Andreas Ulbricht ◽  
Uwe Birkenheuer
Keyword(s):  
Copper Content ◽  
Strain Energy ◽  
Regular Solution Model ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Energy Effect ◽  
Pressure Vessel Steels ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Iron Based ◽  
Reactor Pressure ◽  
Good Agreement

The coupling between copper rich precipitates (CRP) and point defects in neutron irradiated iron alloys and VVER steels was investigated by means of cluster dynamics (CD) simulations. The consideration of the strain energy effect on CRP kinetics as well as the application of the regular solution model for the case of different fixed copper contents of CRP provides a good agreement between the simulation results and experimental data for complex iron based alloys with small (0.015 wt%) and high (0.42 wt%) copper content. It was found that the CD simulation is applicable to irradiated VVER steel with 0.07 wt% of copper.

The influence of copper content on intergranular corrosion of model AlMgSi(Cu) alloys

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 670-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Zhan ◽  
J. M. C. Mol ◽  
F. Hannour ◽  
L. Zhuang ◽  
H. Terryn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intergranular Corrosion ◽  
Copper Content ◽  
Cu Alloys

Effect of copper content on the corrosion behaviors and antibacterial properties of binary Mg–Cu alloys

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junxiu Chen ◽  
Wei Peng ◽  
Lin Zhu ◽  
Lili Tan ◽  
Iniobong P. Etim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Copper Content ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Cu Alloys ◽  
Corrosion Behaviors ◽  
Effect Of Copper

scholarly journals Oxide Spallation During Post-isothermal High Temperature Oxidation Cooling of Cr-rich Cast Alloys Highly Alloyed with Hf

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elodie Conrath ◽  
Patrice Berthod
Keyword(s):  
Oxide Scales ◽  
Scale Spallation ◽  
Complex Composition ◽  
Temperature Oxidation ◽  
Cobalt Nickel ◽  
Major Parameter ◽  
Cast Alloys ◽  
Oxide Spallation ◽  
Iron Based ◽  
Cooling Part

Cobalt, nickel and iron-based alloys containing 25wt.%Cr and strengthened either by chromium carbides or by HfC were oxidized at 1000, 1100 and 1200°C to obtain external oxide scales. The spallation of these oxides during the post-oxidation cooling was studied by exploiting the cooling part of the thermogravimetry curves. The best resistant alloys against scale spallation were the iron-based alloys which did not lose oxide. The nickel-based alloys well behaved too. The worst alloys were the cobalt alloys, principally due to the complex composition of the oxide scales. Beside the base element, the thickness of the oxide was also identified as a major parameter. The presence of Hf with contents much higher than usual was also beneficial for the resistance against spallation.

scholarly journals Influence of Overheating and Cooling Rate on the Structure and Physicochemical Properties of Al-Cu Alloys

2019 ◽  
Vol 291 ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
Nataliia Filonenko ◽  
Oleksandr Babachenko ◽  
Ludmila Bartashevska ◽  
Ganna Kononenko ◽  
Nikita Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Copper Content ◽  
Eutectic Structure ◽  
Primary Aluminum ◽  
Liquid Line ◽  
Cu Alloys ◽  
Primary Crystals ◽  
Alloys Of The Al

The effect of overheating of the melt and cooling rate of alloys of the Al-Cu system with a copper content of 25.0 – 36.0% ( mass.), the rest of the aluminum is investigated. It is shown that an overheating of the liquid at 50 – 100 K above the liquid-liquid line leads to the formation of a fine-dispersed eutectic structure and the inhibition of the formation of primary aluminum crystals in the pre-evacuation of alloys and the Al2Cu phase in hypereuvtectic alloys, in accordance. An increase in the melt overheating temperature by 150 K above the liquid-liquid line and the subsequent cooling at 103 – 104 K/s leads to the complete inhibition of the formation of primary crystals. An overheating of the melt on 100 – 150 K alloys above the liquid line and subsequent cooling with a velocity of 103 – 104 K /s reduces the rate of corrosion by 30 – 45% and increases the numerical value in 1.3 – 1.45 times the relative wear resistance, and the brittleness of alloys decreases in 1.2 – 1.35 times in comparison with the samples after casting.

The Effect of Nitrogen Partial Pressure on Microstructure of Reaction Bonded Silicon Nitride

2007 ◽  
Vol 121-123 ◽  
pp. 231-234
Author(s):  
Chan Park ◽  
Kook Soo Bang ◽  
Kwon Taek Lim ◽  
Dong Soo Park ◽  
Hai Doo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Nitride ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Reaction Layer ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Nitrogen Partial Pressure ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Band Formation ◽  
Static State ◽  
Gas Atmosphere ◽  
Computer Controlled

The interaction between gas atmosphere and silicon during reaction bonded silicon nitride(RBSN)process leads to a non-uniform band formation of alpha silicon nitride. The reaction layer, α -Si3N4, was formed near the surface of the sample in the early stage of RBSN. Reactive nitrogen gas was supplied as static state using computer controlled gas delivery system. The formation of α -Si3N4 band near the surface of the sample can be explained thermodynamically, based on the nitrogen partial pressure in the gas mixtures.

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