scholarly journals Development of Cultured Muscles with Tendon Structures for Modular Bio-Actuators

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 379
Author(s):  
Takuto Nomura ◽  
Masaru Takeuchi ◽  
Eunhye Kim ◽  
Qiang Huang ◽  
Yasuhisa Hasegawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Total Output Power ◽  
Dc Voltage ◽  
Design Flexibility ◽  
Micro Robot ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Robot Body

In this article, we propose a new actuator named the modular bio-actuator (MBA). The MBA has two tendon structures made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) at both ends of the bio-actuator. The MBA can be easily handled and fixed on an artificial micro-robot body to increase its design flexibility and output power. The tendon structures were connected to a bio-actuator in the form of a chain structure, and the connection between the tendon structures and the bio-actuator was maintained for more than three weeks. The contraction length of the MBA was linearly increased when the DC voltage applied to the MBA was increased. The MBA contracted over 200 µm when a DC voltage of 10 V and 1 Hz was applied to the bio-actuator. The output power of the MBA was measured using a PDMS cantilever, and the total output power of the MBA increased linearly when multiple MBAs were stacked on a PDMS cantilever. This study was aimed at improving the design flexibility and controllability of micro-robots and bionic systems.

Solar Concentration of 50,000 Achieved With Output Power Approaching 1 kW

1996 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Jenkins ◽  
R. Winston ◽  
J. Bliss ◽  
J. O’Gallagher ◽  
A. Lewandowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Total Output ◽  
National Renewable Energy Laboratory ◽  
Total Output Power ◽  
Electric Power Generation ◽  
New Device ◽  
The Future

We have achieved a 50,000 ± 3,000 times concentration of sunlight using a unique dielectric nonimaging concentrator in an experiment performed at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The scale of the experiment is several times larger than that of previous experiments. Total output power approaching 1 kW passes through a 4.6 mm diameter aperture. An extractor tip is added to the concentrator profile which allows measurement of flux levels using an air calorimeter. This new device has the potential to allow the use of dielectric concentrators at larger scale for thermal electric power generation. We report on the implications of this experiment for the future use of dielectric concentrators.

scholarly journals Variability in Effective Radiating Area at 1 MHz Affects Ultrasound Treatment Intensity

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J Straub ◽  
Lennart D Johns ◽  
Samuel M Howard
Keyword(s):  
Large Deviations ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Treatment Intensity ◽  
Average Intensity ◽  
Spatial Average ◽  
Ultrasound Transducers ◽  
Total Output Power ◽  
Standardized Measurement

Background and Purpose Previous research has indicated that not all ultrasound transducers heat at equal rates; however, the cause of this disparity is unclear. Variability in spatial average intensity (SAI) has been implicated in this disparity at 3 MHz. This variability has not been explored at 1 MHz. Methods Sixty-six 5-cm2 ultrasound transducers were purchased from 6 different manufacturers. Transducers were calibrated and assessed for effective radiating area (ERA), total output power, and SAI using standardized measurement techniques. Results Total output power values fell within US Food and Drug Administration guidelines, but there were large variations in ERA. The resulting SAI values showed large deviations (−43% to +61%) from the digitally displayed value. Intra-manufacturer SAI values varied up to 53%. Discussion and Conclusion Spatial average intensity can vary largely from the values displayed on these ultrasound generators; in a calibrated cohort, this difference is primarily attributable to differences in measured ERA. Patterns of SAI variability within the manufacturer at 1 MHz do not follow previous reports of variability at 3 MHz.

scholarly journals TUNABLE ULTRA-LONG RANDOM DISTRIBUTED FEEDBACK FIBER LASER

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadiah H. Z. Abidin ◽  
M. H. Abu Bakar ◽  
N. Tamchek ◽  
M. A. Mahdi
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Laser ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Rayleigh Scattering ◽  
Stimulated Raman Scattering ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Gain Medium ◽  
Distributed Feedback ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Total Output Power ◽  
Symmetrical Configuration

A 72 km open-ended symmetrical tunable random distributed feedback fiber laser (RDB-FL) with different pumping schemes is presented in this study. The random distributed feedback was contributed by Rayleigh scattering in the single-mode fiber while distributed gain was provided by the effect of stimulated Raman scattering. The pumping schemes tested with the configuration was outward and inward pumping, where these would be backward and forward pumping in a non-symmetrical configuration of a fiber laser, respectively. The tuning range was also varied in conjunction with the different pumping schemes to determine the optimum performance. Random lasing in the RDB-FL was achieved by utilizing multiple scattering in the disordered gain medium to achieve resonance. With pump power limited to 1.5 W, the best threshold was measured as low as 1.4 W while the highest total output power was at 8 mW. In outward pumping configuration, the wavelengths that are within the maximum Raman gain (1555-1565 nm) show the best peak powers and total output power with a narrow linewidth, as low as 0.25 nm.

Impact of Generator Rating Increase, Ambient Pressure and Coolant Composition and Temperature on Power Generator Heat Exchangers

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis P. Zea
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Total Output Power ◽  
Transfer Rates

Heat exchangers’ operating requirements vary depending on several parameters such as plant location, coolant input conditions and generator total output power. Some of these parameters play a more important role than others and understanding these roles is key to designing heat exchangers that will better suit their operating conditions. This paper analytically examines the implications that varying four parameters have on a heat exchanger with a fixed geometry and heat transfer area. Ambient pressure decrease translates into changes on the thermodynamic conditions of the gas flow. Coolant composition variances (from condensate to increased glycol percentages) also play an important role on the exchanger’s heat transfer rates, the higher the glycol percentage the lower the heat transfer rate. In the same manner, the coolant inlet temperature will partly determine heat transfer rates. Lastly, a generator total output power increase will yield higher heat losses on several points of the generator and thus, a higher heat load for the heat exchanger. The graphs and data hereby presented should be of assistance to those designing new coolers as well as those operating current ones.

The Power of Wind Turbine Generators Prediction Model Based on Time Series

2013 ◽  
Vol 860-863 ◽  
pp. 394-397
Author(s):  
Guan Jia Huang ◽  
Shao Mei Fang ◽  
Si Tu Qiaojun
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Arima Model ◽  
Garch Model ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Total Output Power ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Turbine Generators ◽  
Wind Turbine Generators ◽  
Short Term Prediction

Author constructed ARIMA model and GARCH model to predict the output power of the 4 wind turbine generators (A, B, C, D) and the total output power of the 4 and 58 wind turbine generators. Whats more, by comparing the results of two methods, it shows that the result of GARCH model is more accurate than ARIMA model in short-term prediction.

Novel Synthetic Routes to s-Block Metal 2,5-Diphenylphospholides and Crystal Structures of the Bis(tetrahydrofuran) Complexes of the Potassium, Calcium, and Strontium Derivatives

2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1360-1368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Wimmer ◽  
Christin Birg ◽  
Robert Kretschmer ◽  
Tareq M.A. Al-Shboul ◽  
Helmar Görls ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Metathesis Reaction ◽  
Sandwich Complex ◽  
Coordination Site ◽  
Metal Atoms ◽  
Synthetic Routes ◽  
A Chain

The reduction of 1,4-diphenyl-1,4-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)buta-1,3-diene (1) (1,4-diphenyl- NUPHOS) with potassium in THF yields bis(THF)potassium 2,5-diphenylphospholide (2) which crystallizes with a chain structure. The metathesis reaction of 2 with the iodides of calcium, strontium, and barium leads to the formation of [bis(THF)calcium bis(2,5-diphenylphospholide)] (3), [bis(THF)strontium bis(2,5-diphenylphospholide)] (4), and [bis(THF)barium bis(2,5-diphenylphospholide)] (5). The reaction of M{P(H)SiiPr3}2 with diphenylbutadiyne in THF also leads to the formation of the 2,5-diphenylphospholides of calcium (3), strontium (4), and barium (5). The molecular structures of 2 to 4 are discussed. The environment of the metal atoms is very similar in all these compounds: The metal atoms show an η5 coordination to the phospholide rings forming a bent sandwich complex. The open coordination site is occupied by two THF molecules

Syntheses, Structural Characterization and Fluorescence of Zn(II) and Cd(II) Polymers from 5-(Pyridin-2-ylmethylamino)isophthalic acid

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 1007-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Chun Cheng ◽  
Xiao-Hong Zhu ◽  
Hai-Wei Kuai
Keyword(s):  
Water Clusters ◽  
Hydrothermal Reaction ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
Isophthalic Acid ◽  
Auxiliary Ligand ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Alkaline Reaction ◽  
A Chain

The hydrothermal reaction of Zn(II) nitrate with 5-(pyridin-2-ylmethylamino)isophthalic acid (H2L) yields the complex [Zn(L)(H2O)] 2H2O (1). When 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) as auxiliary ligand and Cd(II) nitrate were used in the alkaline reaction system, [Cd(L)(H2O)(bpy)] 3H2O (2) was obtained. Complexes 1 and 2 have been characterized by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, IR, elemental and thermogravimetric analyses. Complex 1 shows a 2D fes network structure with uninodal 3-connected (4.82) topology, which is further linked by hydrogen bonding to give rise to a 3D supramolecular framework; complex 2 displays a chain structure. Interestingly, tetranuclear water clusters were generated in 1, which are interlinked to fabricate a water chain structure. The fluorescence properties of 1 and 2 were investigated

Hydrothermal Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Magnetic Properties of a New Inorganic Vanadium(III) Phosphate with a Chain Structure

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (21) ◽  
pp. 10062-10066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Ferdov ◽  
Mario S. Reis ◽  
Zhi Lin ◽  
Rute A. Sá Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Hydrothermal Synthesis ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
A Chain

scholarly journals Application of Blockchain Technology in Supply Chain Finance of Beibu Gulf Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
RenLan Wang ◽  
Yanhong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
Beibu Gulf ◽  
Application Research ◽  
Gulf Region ◽  
Processing Efficiency ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Supply Chain Finance ◽  
A Chain

Blockchain technology is a database that is operated by multiple parts and forms a chain structure through hash index. The blockchain uses multiple nodes and distributes multiple accesses to data, thereby reducing the dependence on the central Internet server and avoiding the possibility of damage to the central server point due to data and data loss. Encryption technology is used to ensure its integrity and ensure that the data files stored in the blockchain are not tampered with or deleted maliciously. Blockchain technology has inherent advantages in supply chain finance with its technical attributes such as nontampering, distributed ledger, and traceability and has great potential to build trust to solve the main problems of supply chain finance, which is conducive to promoting financial development in the Beibu Gulf region. This article mainly introduces the application research of blockchain technology in supply chain finance in the Beibu Gulf region and intends to provide some ideas for the development of supply chain finance in the Beibu Gulf region combined with blockchain technology. This article proposes the application research methods of blockchain technology in supply chain finance in the Beibu Gulf region, including blockchain technology, supply chain financial risk evaluation on the blockchain, and supply chain finance game for relevant experiments. The experimental results of this article show that the average processing time of the algorithm of the designed blockchain supply chain financial system is 4.10 seconds, the algorithm processing efficiency is faster, and the relevant risks can be better assessed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document