scholarly journals Transmission Network of Deer-Borne Mycobacterium bovis Infection Revealed by a WGS Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorraine Michelet ◽  
Cyril Conde ◽  
Maxime Branger ◽  
Thierry Cochard ◽  
Franck Biet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Genetic Profile ◽  
Transmission Network ◽  
Snp Calling ◽  
Multiple Loci ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sporadic Cases ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
Vntr Analysis

Bovine tuberculosis (TB) is a zoonotic disease, mainly caused by Mycobacterium bovis. France was declared officially TB free in 2001, however, the disease persists in livestock and wildlife. Among wild animals, deer are particularly susceptible to bovine TB. Here, a whole genome sequence (WGS) analysis was performed on strains with the same genetic profile—spoligotype SB0121, Multiple Loci VNTR Analysis (MLVA) 6 4 5 3 11 2 5 7—isolated from different types of outbreaks, including from deer or cattle herds, or zoological or hunting parks where the presence of infected deer was a common trait in most of them. The results of the phylogeny based on the SNP calling shows that two sub-clusters co-exist in France, one related to deer bred to be raised as livestock, and the other to hunting parks and zoos. The persistence over almost 30 years of sporadic cases due to strains belonging to these clusters highlights the deficiency in the surveillance of captive wildlife and the need for better monitoring of animals, especially before movement between parks or herds.

scholarly journals Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome and Narcolepsy: An Incidental Relationship?

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Lindsay Miliken ◽  
Karim Sedky
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Excessive Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Ehlers Danlos Syndrome ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sporadic Cases ◽  
Danlos Syndrome

Ehlers Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a collagenic disease that has often been associated with different types of sleep disorders ranging from insomnia to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). EDS usually has associated fatigue and excessive daytime sleepiness (ES), thus narcolepsy should be excluded as a cause. Literature review suggests a high prevalence of hypersomnia disorders in this population. We present two sporadic cases presenting with typical symptoms of narcolepsy.

Biology and Treatment of Epstein-Barr Virus–Associated Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas

Hematology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (1) ◽  
pp. 260-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen E. Heslop
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Secondary Immunodeficiency ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sporadic Cases ◽  
Epstein Barr

Abstract Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with several different types of aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Individuals with primary or secondary immunodeficiency are susceptible to developing B cell lymphoproliferation due to outgrowth of EBV-infected B cells that express type III latency characterized by expression of all nine latent-cycle EBV antigens. These cells would normally be susceptible to control by EBV-specific T cells, and strategies to restore EBV-specific immune responses may be effective therapeutically. EBV-associated lymphomas occurring in individuals who do not have a known immunodeficiency include NK and T malignancies with cytotoxic phenotypes, sporadic cases of B-NHL and lymphomatoid granulomatosis. These malignancies respond poorly to standard chemoradiotherapy, and immunotherapeutic or pharmacologic strategies targeting EBV are being explored.

scholarly journals The occurrence of Mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle in and around an area subject to extensive badger (Meles meles) control

1995 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Clifton-Hadley ◽  
J. W. Wilesmith ◽  
M. S. Richards ◽  
P. Upton ◽  
S. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Meles Meles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Total Clearance ◽  
Proportional Hazards Regression ◽  
South West ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
South West England

SUMMARYThe occurrence of Mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle herds during the period 1966–92 in two geographically related areas in South-West England is compared. In one area comprising 104 km2 all badgers were systematically destroyed from 1975–81, after which recolonization was allowed; in the other, comprising 116 km2, small scale, statutory badger removal operations were undertaken from 1975 onwards where specific herds were detected with M. bovis infection. In the area with total clearance, no further incidents with M. bovis isolation occurred from 1982–92. Survival analysis and proportional hazards regression indicated that the risk of herds being identified with infection was less once badgers had been cleared from their neighbourhood, whereas it was greater in herds with 50 or more animals, and once cattle in a herd had responded positively to the tuberculin skin test, even though infection with M. bovis was not confirmed subsequently. The study provides further evidence that badgers represent an important reservoir of M. bovis infection for cattle and that badger control is effective in reducing incidents of cattle infection with M. bovis if action is thorough and recolonization is prevented.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis in East Sussex. I. Outbreaks of tuberculosis in cattle herds (1964–1984)

1986 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Wilesmith ◽  
R. Bode ◽  
D. G. Pritchard ◽  
F. A. Stuart ◽  
P. E. Sayers
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Cattle Population ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
The South ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
Cattle Herds

SUMMARYThe history and epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in cattle herds in East Sussex are described. Since 1960, following the compulsory eradication scheme for tuberculosis, the incidence of herd infection has been low. The epidemiological features of herd infection have been sporadic incidents, with only small numbers of cattle becoming infected in the majority of incidents. There was no evidence of endemic Mycobacterium bovis infection in the cattle population in East Sussex in recent years, but a low risk of infection for cattle on the South Downs, from badgers, was apparent.

scholarly journals Molecular detection of Mycobacterium bovis in cattle herds of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Duarte da Silva Cezar ◽  
Norma Lucena-Silva ◽  
Antônio Fernando Barbosa Batista Filho ◽  
Jonas de Melo Borges ◽  
Pollyane Raysa Fernandes de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
The State ◽  
Cattle Herds

scholarly journals Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Antibody Response, Fecal Shedding, and Antibody Cross-Reactivity to Mycobacterium bovis in M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-Infected Cattle Herds Vaccinated against Johne's Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 698-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepanker Tewari ◽  
Ernest Hovingh ◽  
Rick Linscott ◽  
Edmond Martel ◽  
John Lawrence ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Johne's Disease ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Johne’S Disease ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fecal Shedding ◽  
Cattle Herds

ABSTRACTVaccination for Johne's disease with killed inactivated vaccine in cattle herds has shown variable success. The vaccine delays the onset of disease but does not afford complete protection. Johne's disease vaccination has also been reported to interfere with measurements of cell-mediated immune responses for the detection of bovine tuberculosis. Temporal antibody responses and fecal shedding ofMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosis, the causative agent of Johne's disease, were measured in 2 dairy cattle herds using Johne's disease vaccine (Mycopar) over a period of 7 years. Vaccination against Johne's disease resulted in positive serumM. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisantibody responses in both herds, and the responses persisted in vaccinated cattle up to 7 years of age. Some vaccinated animals (29.4% in herd A and 36.2% in herd B) showed no serological reactivity toM. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosis.M. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosis-specific antibody responses were also detected in milk from Johne's disease-vaccinated animals, but fewer animals (39.3% in herd A and 49.4% in herd B) had positive results with milk than with serum samples. With vaccination againstM. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosis, fecal shedding in both dairy herds was reduced significantly (P< 0.001). In addition, when selected Johne's disease-vaccinated and -infected animals were investigated for serological cross-reactivity toMycobacterium bovis, no cross-reactivity was observed.

Failure to identify non-bovine reservoirs of Mycobacterium bovis in a region with a history of infected dairy-cattle herds

2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh D Pillai ◽  
Kenneth W Widmer ◽  
Louis J Ivey ◽  
Kevin C Coker ◽  
Everett Newman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cattle Herds

scholarly journals Usefulness of Spoligotyping in Molecular Epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis-Related Infections in South America

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martín J. Zumárraga ◽  
Carlos Martin ◽  
Sofia Samper ◽  
Alicia Alito ◽  
Omar Latini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
South America ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Direct Repeat ◽  
South American ◽  
Discriminative Power ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

Two hundred twenty-four Mycobacterium bovis isolates, mainly from South American countries, were typed by spoligotyping, and 41 different spoligotypes were identified. A total of 202 M. bovis isolates (90%) were grouped into 19 different clusters. The largest cluster contained 96 isolates (42.8%) on the basis of the most frequently observed spoligotype, spoligotype 34. Nineteen M. bovis isolates from humans in Argentina had spoligotypes and polymorphic GC-rich repetitive sequence (PGRS) types that represented the most common types found among isolates from cattle. All five isolates from Uruguay and three of the six isolates from Paraguay had spoligotypes that were also detected for isolates from Argentina. The spoligotypes of isolates from Brazil, Costa Rica, and Mexico and of some of the isolates from Paraguay could not be found in Argentina. A total of 154 M. bovis isolates were selected in order to compare the discriminative power of spoligotyping and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis with direct repeat (DR) and PGRS probes. By spoligotyping, 31 different types were found, whileAluI-digested DR probe-associated RFLP analysis identified 42 types, and RFLP analysis with the PGRS probe also detected 42 types; these were partly independent of the DR types. By combining the results obtained by spoligotyping and by RFLP analysis with the DR and PGRS probes, 88 different types were obtained. Although the differentiation of M. bovis by spoligotyping was less discriminatory than differentiation by RFLP analysis with the DR and PGRS probes, spoligotyping is easier to perform and its results are easier to interpret. Therefore, for the purpose of typing of M. bovisisolates, spoligotyping could be performed first and the isolates could be grouped into clusters and then analyzed by RFLP analysis with the DR and PGRS probes.

Population Genomics of Filamentous Plant Pathogens—A Brief Overview of Research Questions, Approaches, and Pitfalls

2020 ◽  
pp. PHYTO-11-20-052
Author(s):  
Sydney Everhart ◽  
Nikita Gambhir ◽  
Remco Stam
Keyword(s):  
Population Biology ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Population Genomics ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Population Genomic ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Genomic Data Analysis ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Polymorphism Data

With ever-decreasing sequencing costs, research on the population biology of plant pathogens is transitioning from population genetics—using dozens of genetic markers or polymorphism data of several genes—to population genomics—using several hundred to tens of thousands of markers or whole-genome sequence data. The field of population genomics is characterized by rapid theoretical and methodological advances and by numerous steps and pitfalls in its technical and analytical workflow. In this article, we aim to provide a brief overview of topics relevant to the study of population genomics of filamentous plant pathogens and direct readers to more extensive reviews for in-depth understanding. We briefly discuss different types of population genomics-inspired research questions and give insights into the sampling strategies that can be used to answer such questions. We then consider different sequencing strategies, the various options available for data processing, and some of the currently available tools for population genomic data analysis. We conclude by highlighting some of the hurdles along the population genomic workflow, providing cautionary warnings relative to assumptions and technical challenges, and presenting our own future perspectives of the field of population genomics for filamentous plant pathogens.

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