scholarly journals Manipulation of Alcohol and Short-Chain Fatty Acids in the Metabolome of Commensal and Virulent Klebsiella pneumoniae by Linolenic Acid

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 773
Author(s):  
Ryan Yuki Huang ◽  
Deron Raymond Herr ◽  
Shabbir Moochhala
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Glucose Fermentation ◽  
Alcohol Production ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Harmful Alcohol ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Endogenous alcohol produced by the gut microbiome is transported via the bloodstream to the liver for detoxification. Gut dysbiosis can result in chronic excess alcohol production that contributes to the development of hepatic steatosis. The aim of this study was to examine whether linolenic acid can manipulate the production of harmful alcohol and beneficial short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the metabolome of commensal Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) and the virulent K. pneumoniae K1 serotype. Glucose fermentation by the K. pneumoniae K1 serotype yielded increased production of alcohol and decreased SCFAs (especially acetate and propionate) compared to those of commensal K. pneumoniae. However, the use of linolenic acid instead of glucose significantly reduced alcohol and increased SCFAs in the fermentation media of the K. pneumoniae K1 serotype. The work highlights the value of shaping the microbial metabolome using linolenic acid, which can potentially regulate the gut–liver axis for the prevention and treatment of alcohol-induced liver diseases.

Gut dysbiosis and lack of short chain fatty acids in a Chinese cohort of patients with multiple sclerosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 104468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Zeng ◽  
Junli Gong ◽  
Xiyuan Liu ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
Xiaobo Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Chinese Cohort ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Ground flaxseed reverses protection of a reduced-fat diet against Citrobacter rodentium-induced colitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (5) ◽  
pp. G788-G798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pekka Määttänen ◽  
Eberhard Lurz ◽  
Steven R. Botts ◽  
Richard Y. Wu ◽  
C. William Yeung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Citrobacter Rodentium ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Reduced Fat ◽  
Ground Flaxseed ◽  
Pathogen Burden ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Flaxseed is high in ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, fiber, and lignans known to lower cholesterol levels. However, its use for prevention or treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases has yielded mixed results, perhaps related to dietary interactions. In this study, we evaluated the impact of ground flaxseed supplementation on the severity of Citrobacter rodentium-induced colitis in the setting of either a high-fat (HF, ~36%kcal) or reduced-fat (RF, ~12%kcal) diet. After weaning, C57BL/6 mice ( n = 8–15/treatment) were fed ground flaxseed (7 g/100 g diet) with either HF (HF Flx) or RF (RF Flx) diets for 4 wk before infection with C. rodentium or sham gavage. Weight changes, mucosal inflammation, pathogen burden, gut microbiota composition, tissue polyunsaturated fatty acids, and cecal short-chain fatty acids were compared over a 14-day infection period. The RF diet protected against C. rodentium-induced colitis, whereas the RF Flx diet increased pathogen burden, exacerbated gut inflammation, and promoted gut dysbiosis. When compared with the RF diet, both HF and HF Flx diets resulted in more severe pathology in response to C. rodentium infection. Our findings demonstrate that although an RF diet protected against C. rodentium-induced colitis and associated gut dysbiosis in mice, beneficial effects were diminished with ground flaxseed supplementation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our results demonstrate a strong protective effect of a reduced-fat diet against intestinal inflammation, dysbiosis, and pathogen burden during Citrobacter rodentium-induced colitis. However, ground flaxseed supplementation in the setting of a reduced-fat diet exacerbated colitis despite higher levels of intestinal n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and cecal short-chain fatty acids.

scholarly journals Dietary fructose-induced gut dysbiosis promotes mouse hippocampal neuroinflammation: a benefit of short-chain fatty acids

Microbiome ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Mei Li ◽  
Rong Yu ◽  
Li-Ping Zhang ◽  
Shi-Yu Wen ◽  
Shui-Juan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Dietary Fructose ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Cefazolin Improves Anesthesia and Surgery-Induced Cognitive Impairments by Modulating Blood-Brain Barrier Function, Gut Bacteria and Short Chain Fatty Acids

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ailin Luo ◽  
Shan Li ◽  
Xuan Wang ◽  
Zheng Xie ◽  
Shiyong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Emerging evidence suggests that anesthesia and surgery may induce gut dysbiosis. Gut dysbiosis leads to imbalance in circulating contents of microbiota-derived metabolites and disrupts the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), contributing to postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). The composition of gut microbiota may be influenced by various antibiotics. However, how perioperative use of antibiotics affects POCD needs more explorations. In the present study, we explored the effect of cefazolin, a common antibiotic used in perioperative period, on cognitive function, BBB integrity, gut bacteria and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), a group of widely studied metabolites in aged mice, using 18-month-old male mice. Significant BBB disruptions and decreased levels of tight junction proteins, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and Occludin (OCLN) were seen in the mice of POCD model. Cefazolin treatment attenuated these changes induced by anesthesia and surgery. Furthermore, cefazolin reversed the changes in several fecal bacteria (β-, γ/δ-, ε-Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes) as determined by qPCR tests. Analysis of plasma SCFAs showed that almost all types of SCFAs were reduced in POCD and cefazolin administration reversed the changes in expression of the two most abundant SCFAs (acetic and propionic acids). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that cefazolin improved POCD. Mechanistically, cefazolin suppressed the disruption of BBB, gut microbiota or SCFAs, thereby ameliorating POCD.

scholarly journals Short-Chain Fatty Acids: A Soldier Fighting Against Inflammation and Protecting From Tumorigenesis in People With Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiyu Yang ◽  
Jing Ouyang ◽  
Fengjun Sun ◽  
Jiadan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Microbial Translocation ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Converging evidences showed that people with diabetes mellitus (DM) have significantly higher risk for different cancers, of which the exact mechanism underlying the association has not been fully realized. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the fermentation products of the intestinal microbiota, are an essential source for energy supply in gut epithelial cells. They have been reported to improve intestinal barrier integrity, prevent microbial translocation, and further dampen inflammation. Gut dysbiosis and reduction in SCFA-producing bacteria as well as SCFAs production in the intestine are commonly seen in metabolic disorders including DM and obesity. Moreover, inflammation can contribute to tumor initiation and progression through multiple pathways, such as enhancing DNA damage, accumulating mutations in tumor suppressor genes Tp53, and activating nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways. Based on these facts, we hypothesize that lower levels of microbial SCFAs resulted from gut dysbiosis in diabetic individuals, enhance microbial translocation, and increase the inflammatory responses, inducing tumorigenesis ulteriorly. To this end, we will discuss protective properties of microbial SCFAs and explore the pivotal roles SCFAs played in the link of DM with cancer, so as to take early precautions to reduce the risk of cancer in patients with DM.

Effect of short-chain fatty acids on the ethylene pathway in embryonic axes of Cicer arietinum during germination

1994 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes Gallardo ◽  
Paloma Munoz De Rueda ◽  
Angel Jesus Matilla ◽  
Isabel Maria Sanchez-Calle
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Embryonic Axes ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Short-Chain Fatty Acids Prevent Diabetic Nephropathy In Vivo and In Vitro

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 92-OR ◽  
Author(s):  
WEI HUANG ◽  
YONG XU ◽  
YOUHUA XU ◽  
LUPING ZHOU ◽  
CHENLIN GAO
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids
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