scholarly journals An Assessment of the Molecular Diversity of Ticks and Tick-Borne Microorganisms of Small Ruminants in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Ghafar ◽  
Adil Khan ◽  
Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz ◽  
Charles G. Gauci ◽  
Sadaf Niaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Data ◽  
Health Significance ◽  
Second Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Theileria Spp

This study investigated ticks and tick-borne microorganisms of small ruminants from five districts of the Federally Administered Tribal Area (FATA) of Pakistan. Morphological (n = 104) and molecular (n = 54) characterization of the ticks revealed the presence of six ixodid ticks: Rhipicephalus (Rh.) haemaphysaloides, Rh. microplus, Rh. turanicus, Haemaphysalis (Hs.) punctata, Hs. sulcata and Hyalomma anatolicum. Phylogenetic analyses of nucleotide sequence data for two mitochondrial (16S and cytochrome c oxidase 1) and one nuclear (second internal transcribed spacer) DNA regions provided strong support for the grouping of the six tick species identified in this study. Microfluidic real-time PCR, employing multiple pre-validated nuclear and mitochondrial genetic markers, detected 11 potential pathogens and endosymbionts in 72.2% of the ticks (n = 54) tested. Rickettsia (R.) massiliae was the most common pathogen found (42.6% of ticks) followed by Theileria spp. (33.3%), Anaplasma (A.) ovis and R. slovaca (25.9% each). Anaplasma centrale, A. marginale, Ehrlichia spp., R. aeschlimannii, R. conorii and endosymbionts (Francisella- and Coxiella-like) were detected at much lower rates (1.9–22.2%) in ticks. Ticks from goats (83.9%) carried significantly higher microorganisms than those from sheep (56.5%). This study demonstrates that ticks of small ruminants from the FATA are carrying multiple microorganisms of veterinary and medical health significance and provides the basis for future investigations of ticks and tick-borne diseases of animals and humans in this and neighboring regions.

scholarly journals Sequencing and Computational Approaches to Identification and Characterization of Microbial Organisms

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. BECB.S10886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brijesh Singh Yadav ◽  
Venkateswarlu Ronda ◽  
Dinesh P. Vashista ◽  
Bhaskar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Data ◽  
Computational Approaches ◽  
Microbial Detection ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Sequencing Platforms ◽  
Identification And Characterization

The recent advances in sequencing technologies and computational approaches are propelling scientists ever closer towards complete understanding of human-microbial interactions. The powerful sequencing platforms are rapidly producing huge amounts of nucleotide sequence data which are compiled into huge databases. This sequence data can be retrieved, assembled, and analyzed for identification of microbial pathogens and diagnosis of diseases. In this article, we present a commentary on how the metagenomics incorporated with microarray and new sequencing techniques are helping microbial detection and characterization.

Anterastes davrazensis sp. n. (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae): morphology, song and 16S rDNA phylogeny

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3401 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
SARP KAYA ◽  
DRAGAN CHOBANOV ◽  
BATTAL ÇIPLAK
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
16S Rdna ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
16S Rdna Sequence ◽  
Rdna Sequence Data ◽  
Male Calling ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The new species Anterastes davrazensis sp. n. (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) is described from south-eastern Turkey. Description, diagnosis and relationships of the new species were studied utilizing morphology, male calling songs and 16S rDNA sequence data from all species in the genus. Morphology and song syllable structure indicate A. davrazensis sp. n. is related to A. uludaghensis. Phylogenetic analyses based on representative haplotypes of 16S rDNA, using Sureyaella bella, Parapholidoptera distincta and Bolua turkiyae as outgroups, also suggested strong support to the relationship of these two species. A. davrazensis sp. n. differs from its closest relative A. uludaghensis by the higher number of stridulatory pegs and the song, consisting of irregular syllable groups.

Phylogenetics and revised taxonomy of the Australian freshwater cod genus, Maccullochella (Percichthyidae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine J. Nock ◽  
Martin S. Elphinstone ◽  
Stuart J. Rowland ◽  
Peter R. Baverstock
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Protein Coding Genes ◽  
Allopatric Populations ◽  
Murray Darling Basin ◽  
Murray Cod ◽  
Australian Freshwater

Determining the phylogenetic and taxonomic relationships among allopatric populations can be difficult, especially when divergence is recent and morphology is conserved. We used mitochondrial sequence data from the control region and three protein-coding genes (1253 bp in total) and genotypes determined at 13 microsatellite loci to examine the evolutionary relationships among Australia’s largest freshwater fish, the Murray cod, Maccullochella peelii peelii, from the inland Murray–Darling Basin, and its allopatric sister taxa from coastal drainages, the eastern freshwater cod, M. ikei, and Mary River cod, M. peelii mariensis. Phylogenetic analyses provided strong support for taxon-specific clades, with a clade containing both of the eastern taxa reciprocally monophyletic to M. peelii peelii, suggesting a more recent common ancestry between M. ikei and M. peelii mariensis than between the M. peelii subspecies. This finding conflicts with the existing taxonomy and suggests that ancestral Maccullochella crossed the Great Dividing Range in the Pleistocene and subsequently diverged in eastern coastal drainages. Evidence from the present study, in combination with previous morphological and allozymatic data, demonstrates that all extant taxa are genetically and morphologically distinct. The taxonomy of Maccullochella is revised, with Mary River cod now recognised as a species, Maccullochella mariensis, a sister species to eastern freshwater cod, M. ikei. As a result of the taxonomic revision, Murray cod is M. peelii.

scholarly journals Characterization of a pigeon paramyxovirus (PPMV-1) isolated from chickens in South Africa : research communication

2004 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Abolnik ◽  
R.F. Horner ◽  
R. Maharaj ◽  
G.J. Viljoen
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Far East ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Data ◽  
Sequence Identity ◽  
Death Time ◽  
The Far East

A paramyxovirus with a thermostability of 60 min (typical of velogenic viruses) and a mean death time of > 90 h (typical of lentogenic viruses) was isolated from layers near Mooi River, South Africa. Our results, based on comparative nucleotide sequence data indicated that the virus is pigeon paramyxovirus 1 (PPMV-1), a variant of Newcastle disease virus. The F0 cleavage site contains a 112RRKKRF117 motif, and the virus had 98 % sequence identity with PPMV-1 strains from the Far East. PPMV-1 was last reported in South Africa during the 1980s, with this being the first report of PPMV-1 isolated from chickens in South Africa.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of a Toxocara variant from cats in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Parasitology ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Q. ZHU ◽  
D. E. JACOBS ◽  
N. B. CHILTON ◽  
R. A. SANI ◽  
N. A. B. Y. CHENG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Second Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Conformation Polymorphism

The ascaridoid nematode of cats from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, previously identified morphologically as Toxocara canis, was characterized using a molecular approach. The nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) region spanning the first internal transcribed spacer (ITS-1), the 5·8S gene and the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) was amplified and sequenced. The sequences for the parasite from Malaysian cats were compared with those for T. canis and T. cati. The sequence data showed that this taxon was genetically more similar to T. cati than to T. canis in the ITS-1, 5·8S and ITS-2. Differences in the ITS-1 and ITS-2 sequences between the taxa (9·4–26·1%) were markedly higher than variation between samples within T. canis and T. cati (0–2·9%). The sequence data demonstrate that the parasite from Malaysian cats is neither T. canis nor T. cati and indicate that it is a distinct species. Based on these data, PCR-linked restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) methods were employed for the unequivocal differentiation of the Toxocara variant from T. canis and T. cati. These methods should provide valuable tools for studying the life-cycle, transmission pattern(s) and zoonotic potential of this parasite.

Molecular and phylogenetic analyses of the liver amphistome Explanatum explanatum (Creplin, 1847) Fukui, 1929 in ruminants from Bangladesh and Nepal based on nuclear ribosomal ITS2 and mitochondrial nad1 sequences

2016 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
U.K. Mohanta ◽  
H.B. Rana ◽  
B. Devkota ◽  
T. Itagaki
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Group I ◽  
Severe Liver Damage ◽  
Second Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
First Time

AbstractExplanatum explanatum flukes, liver amphistomes of ruminants, cause significant economic loss in the livestock industry by inducing severe liver damage. A total of 66 flukes from 26 buffaloes and 7 cattle in four different geographic areas of Bangladesh and 20 flukes from 10 buffaloes in the Chitwan district of Nepal were subjected for analysis. The sequences (442 bp) of the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) of ribosomal DNA and the variable fragments (657 bp) of mitochondrial nicotinamide dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) of E. explanatum flukes from Bangladesh and Nepal were analysed. The aim of this study was molecular characterization of the flukes and to elucidate their origin and biogeography. In the ITS2 region, two genotypes were detected among the flukes from Bangladesh, while flukes from Nepal were of only one genotype. Phylogenetic analyses inferred from the nad1 gene revealed that at least four divergent populations (groups I–IV) are distributed in Bangladesh, whereas two divergent populations were found to be distributed in Nepal. Fst values (pairwise fixation index) suggest that Bangladeshi and Nepalese populations of group I to IV are significantly different from each other; but within groups III and IV, the populations from Bangladesh and Nepal were genetically close. This divergence in the nad1 gene indicates that each lineage of E. explanatum from diverse geography was co-adapted during the multiple domestication events of ruminants. This study, for the first time, provides molecular characterization of E. explanatum in Bangladesh and Nepal, and may provide useful information for elucidating its origin and dispersal route in Asia.

Genetic diversity and molecular characterization of Babesia motasi -like in small ruminants and ixodid ticks from China

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 8-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingli Niu ◽  
Zhijie Liu ◽  
Jifei Yang ◽  
Peifa Yu ◽  
Yuping Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Ixodid Ticks

Phylogenetic position of Sphaerospora testicularis and Latyspora scomberomori n. gen. n. sp. (Myxozoa) within the marine urinary clade

Parasitology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAVLA BARTOŠOVÁ ◽  
MARK A. FREEMAN ◽  
HIROSHI YOKOYAMA ◽  
MONICA CAFFARA ◽  
IVAN FIALA
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Species Cluster ◽  
The Family ◽  
Sutural Line ◽  
Taxonomic Changes

SUMMARYAn amendment of the family Sinuolineidae (Myxosporea) is proposed in order to include a newly described genus Latyspora n. gen. The type species Latyspora scomberomori n. gen. n. sp. is a coelozoic parasite in the kidney tubules of Scomberomorus guttatus. In addition to the morphological and molecular characterization of L. scomberomori n. gen. n. sp., we also present novel SSU rDNA data on Sphaerospora testicularis, a serious parasite of Dicentrarchus labrax. Performed phylogenetic analyses revealed that both species cluster within the marine urinary clade encompassing the representatives with a shared insertion within their V4 SSU rRNA region and grouping according to the shape of their spores’ sutural line and their similar tissue tropism in the host. Sphaerospora testicularis is the closest relative to Parvicapsula minibicornis within the Parvicapsula subclade and L. scomberomori n. gen. n. sp. is the basal species of the Zschokkella subclade. The phylogenetic position of S. testicularis, outwith the basal Sphaerospora sensu stricto clade, and its morphology suggest it being a non-typical Sphaerospora. The sequence data provided on S. testicularis can help in future revisions of the strongly polyphyletic genus Sphaerospora. We recommend re-sequencing of several sphaerosporids as an essential step before such taxonomic changes are accomplished.

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