scholarly journals Genetic and Phenotypic Diversities in Experimental Populations of Diploid Inter-Lineage Hybrids in the Human Pathogenic Cryptococcus

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1579
Author(s):  
Man You ◽  
Yuxin Monica Lin ◽  
Annamaria Dobrin ◽  
Jianping Xu

To better understand the potential factors contributing to genome instability and phenotypic diversity, we conducted mutation accumulation (MA) experiments for 120 days for 7 diploid cryptococcal hybrids under fluconazole (10 MA lines each) and non-fluconazole conditions (10 MA lines each). The genomic DNA content, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) rate, growth ability, and fluconazole susceptibility were determined for all 140 evolved cultures. Compared to that of their ancestral clones, the evolved clones showed: (i) genomic DNA content changes ranging from ~22% less to ~27% more, and (ii) reduced, similar, and increased phenotypic values for each tested trait, with most evolved clones displaying increased growth at 40 °C and increased fluconazole resistance. Aside from the ancestral multi-locus genotypes (MLGs) and heterozygosity patterns (MHPs), 77 unique MLGs and 70 unique MPHs were identified among the 140 evolved cultures at day 120. The average LOH rates of the MA lines in the absence and presence of fluconazole were similar at 1.27 × 10−4 and 1.38 × 10−4 LOH events per MA line per mitotic division, respectively. While LOH rates varied among MA lines from different ancestors, there was no apparent correlation between the genetic divergence of the parental haploid genomes within ancestral clones and LOH rates. Together, our results suggest that hybrids between diverse lineages of the human pathogenic Cryptococcus can generate significant genotypic and phenotypic diversities during asexual reproduction.

1983 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Shuter ◽  
J. E. Thomas ◽  
W. D. Taylor ◽  
A. M. Zimmerman

2004 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 476-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
L R Hiorns ◽  
T D Bradshaw ◽  
L A Skelton ◽  
Q Yu ◽  
L R Kelland ◽  
...  

1981 ◽  
Vol 142 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. James Price ◽  
Kenton L. Chambers ◽  
Konrad Bachmann

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Correa Santos ◽  
Raquel dos Santos Carvalho ◽  
Livia Maria Chamma Davide

Abstract The genus Anacardium presents nine species, of these, three have sub-bush size, common in the Cerrado of the Center-West of Brazil. The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic variability of the species, collected in eleven provenances, using RAPD markers. Genomic DNA from 122 accessions was extracted and amplified with 25 decamer primers. The results indicated polymorphism, ranging from 77.71% to 96.18%. The distribution of genetic diversity among and within populations shows that 27.14% of the variability is found between populations and 37.44% within the populations, suggesting the existence of genetic variability that may be related to the reproductive strategies adopted by the species throughout its evolution. The index of variation within the provenances (93.36%) was higher than the index found among populations (6.64%). Molecular analysis indicated that there is genetic divergence between and within the studied populations of Anacardium humile A. St. - Hill. The origin of Itajá-GO presented the highest genetic diversity, presenting the highest values of genetic diversity index, phenotypic diversity and higher percentage of polymorphic loci.


Author(s):  
Ruchira Das ◽  
◽  
Avik Paul ◽  
Asmita Samadder ◽  
◽  
...  

Nutrition plays a key role in different organisms to carry out life processes at different phases of life cycle. Furthermore, specific types of food are needed to build DNA. They are further required to synthesize genes/hormones etc. Thus to evaluate the nutritional-DNA correlation in Drosophila sp. for differential life cycle events and fecundity, different nutrients medium were chosen and the phases of life cycle of Drosophila sp were assessed along with quantification of isolated DNA collected from flies of each set. All the data were compared against control set C containing banana. Other experimental set consisted of nutrient mediums like glucon-D (A1), rice (A2), sugar (A3), butter/ghee (A4), paneer (A5) and mango (A6) mixed with banana. All the life cycle stages/phases i.e., egg to larva (P1), larva to pupa (P2) and pupa to adult fly (P3) were studied. Results revealed addition of rice (A2) reduces the moulting time significantly at P1 to P2 stage when compared to control-C; whereas mango (A6) reduced the time taken to reach P2 to P3 stage. However, the DNA content of flies collected from A2, A3 and A6 set were higher than those collected from other sets. Therefore, the overall result clearly supports the fact that preference of carbohydrate was greater than other nutrients, however, an optimum level of total carbohydrate content was preferred for better survival and growth which possibly enhances the genomic DNA synthesis and aid in accelerating the production of several genes/ hormones involved in moulting of Drosophila sp.


2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 4274-4297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana M Cerritelli ◽  
Jaime Iranzo ◽  
Sushma Sharma ◽  
Andrei Chabes ◽  
Robert J Crouch ◽  
...  

Abstract Cellular levels of ribonucleoside triphosphates (rNTPs) are much higher than those of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs), thereby influencing the frequency of incorporation of ribonucleoside monophosphates (rNMPs) by DNA polymerases (Pol) into DNA. RNase H2-initiated ribonucleotide excision repair (RER) efficiently removes single rNMPs in genomic DNA. However, processing of rNMPs by Topoisomerase 1 (Top1) in absence of RER induces mutations and genome instability. Here, we greatly increased the abundance of genomic rNMPs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by depleting Rnr1, the major subunit of ribonucleotide reductase, which converts ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides. We found that in strains that are depleted of Rnr1, RER-deficient, and harbor an rNTP-permissive replicative Pol mutant, excessive accumulation of single genomic rNMPs severely compromised growth, but this was reversed in absence of Top1. Thus, under Rnr1 depletion, limited dNTP pools slow DNA synthesis by replicative Pols and provoke the incorporation of high levels of rNMPs in genomic DNA. If a threshold of single genomic rNMPs is exceeded in absence of RER and presence of limited dNTP pools, Top1-mediated genome instability leads to severe growth defects. Finally, we provide evidence showing that accumulation of RNA/DNA hybrids in absence of RNase H1 and RNase H2 leads to cell lethality under Rnr1 depletion.


2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 1131-1139
Author(s):  
Melchior du Lac ◽  
Andrew H. Scarpelli ◽  
Andrew K. D. Younger ◽  
Declan G. Bates ◽  
Joshua N. Leonard

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 2161-2164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Marchetti ◽  
Olivier Catrice ◽  
Jacques Batut ◽  
Catherine Masson-Boivin

ABSTRACTThe beta-rhizobiumCupriavidus taiwanensisforms indeterminate nodules onMimosa pudica. C. taiwanensisbacteroids resemble free-living bacteria in terms of genomic DNA content, cell size, membrane permeability, and viability, in contrast to bacteroids in indeterminate nodules of the galegoid clade. Bacteroid differentiation is thus unrelated to nodule ontogeny.


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