scholarly journals Development of Plant–Fungal Endophyte Associations to Suppress Phoma Stem Canker in Brassica

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2387
Author(s):  
Davood Roodi ◽  
James P. Millner ◽  
Craig R. McGill ◽  
Richard D. Johnson ◽  
Shen-Yan Hea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Leptosphaeria Maculans ◽  
Brassica Species ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Phoma Stem Canker ◽  
Pests And Diseases

Endophytic microorganisms are found within the tissues of many plants species, with some conferring several benefits to the host plant including resistance to plant diseases. In this study, two putative endophytic fungi that were previously isolated from wild seeds of Brassica, identified as Beauveria bassiana and Pseudogymnoascus pannorum, were inoculated into cultivars of three Brassica species—Brassica napus, Br. rapa and Br. oleracea. Both fungal endophytes were reisolated from above- and below-ground tissues of inoculated plants at four different plant-growth stages, including cotyledon, one-leaf, two-leaf, and four-leaf stages. None of the plants colonised by these fungi exhibited any obvious disease symptoms, indicating the formation of novel mutualistic associations. These novel plant–endophyte associations formed between Brassica plants and Be. bassiana significantly inhibited phoma stem canker, a devastating disease of Brassica crops worldwide, caused by the fungal pathogen Leptosphaeria maculans. The novel association formed with P. pannorum significantly suppressed the amount of disease caused by L. maculans in one out of two experiments. Although biological control is not a new strategy, endophytic fungi with both antiinsect and antifungal activity are a highly conceivable, sustainable option to manage pests and diseases of economically important crops.

Revealing the endophytic mycoflora in tea (Camellia sinensis) leaves in Sri Lanka: the first comprehensive study

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 514 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-260
Author(s):  
KASUN THAMBUGALA ◽  
DINUSHANI DARANAGAMA ◽  
SAGARIKA KANNANGARA ◽  
THENUKA KODITUWAKKU
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Tea Leaves ◽  
Molecular Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Sequence ◽  
Rdna Sequence Data

Endophytic fungi are a diverse group of microorganisms that live asymptomatically in healthy tissues of host and they have been reported from all kinds of plant tissues such as leaves, stems, roots, flowers, and fruits. In this study, fungal endophytes associated with tea leaves (Camellia sinensis) were collected from Kandy, Kegalle, and Nuwara Eliya districts in Sri Lanka and were isolated, characterized, and identified. A total of twenty endophytic fungal isolates belonging to five genera were recovered and ITS-rDNA sequence data were used to identify them. All isolated endophytic fungal strains belong to the phylum Ascomycota and the majority of these isolates were identified as Colletotrichum species. Phyllosticta capitalensis was the most commonly found fungal endophyte in tea leaves and was recorded in all three districts where the samples were collected. This is the very first investigation on fungal endophytes associated with C. sinensis in Sri Lanka based on molecular sequence data. In addition, a comprehensive account of known endophytic fungi reported worldwide on Camellia sinensis is provided.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Rlm7 resistance against Leptosphaeria maculans (phoma stem canker) in UK winter oilseed rape cultivars

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1339-1353 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. K. Mitrousia ◽  
Y. J. Huang ◽  
A. Qi ◽  
S. N. M. Sidique ◽  
B. D. L. Fitt
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Leptosphaeria Maculans ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Phoma Stem Canker

scholarly journals Automated image processing to support the analysis of between-year transmission of Leptosphaeria maculans in field conditions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia Bousset ◽  
Marcellino Palerme ◽  
Melen Leclerc ◽  
Nicolas Parisey
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Leptosphaeria Maculans ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Growing Period

Understanding the transmission of inoculum between periods where the host plants are present is central for predicting the development of plant diseases and optimising mitigation strategies. However, the production at the end of the growing period, the survival during the intercrop period, and the emergence or emission of inoculum after sowing or planting can be highly variable, difficult to assess and generally inferred indirectly from symptoms data. As a result, there is a lack of large data sets which is a major brake for the study of these epidemiological processes. Here we focus on Leptosphaeria maculans that causes the black leg of oilseed rape. After having infected leaves, at early stages of the plant, and migrating into the stem, it causes a basal stem canker before harvest. It then survives on stubble left in the field from which ascospores are emitted at the beginning of the next growing period. In this study we first developed an image processing framework to estimate the density of fruiting bodies produced on stubble. Then, we used this framework to analyse automatically a large number of stems collected in oilseed rape fields among a cultivated area. Having performed a quality assessment of the processing chain we used the output data to investigate how the potential level of inoculum may change with the source field, the considered year and the stem canker severity at harvest. Besides the insights gain into the blackleg of oilseed rape, this work shows how image-based phenotyping may support epidemiological studies by increasing substantially the precision of high throughput disease data.

scholarly journals High-throughput metabarcoding characterises fungal endophyte diversity in the phyllosphere of a barley crop

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Bridget Milazzo ◽  
Katherine Grace Zulak ◽  
Mariano Jordi Muria-Gonzalez ◽  
Darcy Jones ◽  
Matthew Power ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Bioinformatics Pipeline ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Agroecosystem Management

Over the last decade, the microbiome has received increasing attention as a key factor in macroorganism fitness. Sustainable pest management requires an understanding of the complex microbial endophyte communities existing symbiotically within plants and the way synthetic pesticides interact with them. Fungal endophytes are known to benefit plant growth and fitness and may deter pests and diseases. Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing (HTS) have enabled integrative microbiome studies especially in agricultural contexts. Here we profile the fungal endophyte community in the phyllosphere of two barley (Hordeum vulgare) cultivars exposed to two systemic foliar fungicides using metabarcoding, a HTS tool that constructs community profiles from environmental DNA (eDNA). We studied the fungal nuclear ribosomal large subunit (LSU) D2 and ITS2 DNA markers through a bioinformatics pipeline introduced here. We found 88 and 128 unique amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) using the D2 and ITS2 metabarcoding assays, respectively. With principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and PERMANOVA, ASV diversity did not change in response to barley cultivar or fungicide treatment, however the community structure of unsprayed plants did change between two collection times eight days apart. The workflow described here can be applied to other microbiome studies in agriculture and we hope it encourages further research into crop microbiomes to improve agroecosystem management.

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