scholarly journals Molecular Variability and Host Distribution of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ Strains from Different Geographic Origins

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2530
Author(s):  
Nicoletta Contaldo ◽  
Jelena Stepanović ◽  
Francesco Pacini ◽  
Assunta Bertaccini ◽  
Bojan Duduk
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Disease Monitoring ◽  
Bois Noir ◽  
Trace Back ◽  
Molecular Variants ◽  
Geographic Origins ◽  
Monitoring And Forecasting ◽  
Propagation Material

The knowledge of phytoplasma genetic variability is a tool to study their epidemiology and to implement an effective monitoring and management of their associated diseases. ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ is associated with “bois noir” disease in grapevines, and yellowing and decline symptoms in many plant species, causing serious damages during the epidemic outbreaks. The epidemiology of the diseases associated with this phytoplasma is complex and related to numerous factors, such as interactions of the host plant and insect vectors and spreading through infected plant propagation material. The genetic variability of ‘Ca. P. solani’ strains in different host species and in different geographic areas during the last two decades was studied by RFLP analyses coupled with sequencing on vmp1, stamp, and tuf genes. A total of 119 strains were examined, 25 molecular variants were identified, and the variability of the studied genes was linked to both geographic distribution and year of infection. The crucial question in ‘Ca. P. solani’ epidemiology is to trace back the epidemic cycle of the infections. This study presents some relevant features about differential strain distribution useful for disease monitoring and forecasting, illustrating and comparing the phytoplasma molecular variants identified in various regions, host species, and time periods.

scholarly journals Evolution and origins of tobamoviruses

1999 ◽  
Vol 354 (1383) ◽  
pp. 593-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Hepatitis Virus ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Protein Motifs

More than a dozen tobamoviruses are known. In nature, each species probably survives by moving between several closely related host species. Each infected plant contains a population of variants, but in most host populations the tobamovirus population is stable. The phylogenetic relationships of tobamovirus species broadly correlate with those of their angiosperm hosts. The simplest explanation for this correlation is that they have coevolved with the angiosperms, and hence, like them, are about 120–140 million years old. Gene sequence differences between species also indicate that the tobamoviruses are an ancient genus. Their gene sequences, and the protein motifs they encode, link them to tobraviruses, hordeiviruses and soil–borne wheat mosaic virus, more distantly to the tricornaviruses, and even to hepatitis virus E and other furoviruses, rubiviruses and alphaviruses. Their progenitors may have been associated with charophycean algae, and perhaps also plasmodiophoromycete fungi.

scholarly journals Global Disease Monitoring and Forecasting with Wikipedia

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e1003892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Generous ◽  
Geoffrey Fairchild ◽  
Alina Deshpande ◽  
Sara Y. Del Valle ◽  
Reid Priedhorsky
Keyword(s):  
Disease Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring And Forecasting

Low genetic variability in the coat and movement proteins of American plum line pattern virus isolates from different geographic origins

2007 ◽  
Vol 153 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Herranz ◽  
M. Al Rwahnih ◽  
J. A. Sánchez-Navarro ◽  
S. F. Elena ◽  
E. Choueiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Line Pattern ◽  
Movement Proteins ◽  
Geographic Origins ◽  
Virus Isolates

scholarly journals Global Disease Monitoring and Forecasting with Wikipedia

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Generous ◽  
Geoffrey Fairchild ◽  
Alina Deshpande ◽  
Sara Y. Del Valle ◽  
Reid Priedhorsky
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Disease Monitoring ◽  
Disease Surveillance System ◽  
Disease Information ◽  
Monitoring And Forecasting ◽  
Data Source

This poster establishes the utility of Wikipedia as a broadly effective data source for disease information, and we outline a path to a reliable, scientifically sound, operational, and global disease surveillance system that overcomes key gaps in existing traditional and internet-based techniques.

Genetic variability and molecular evolution of maize yellow mosaic virus populations from different geographic origins

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng-Ren Sun ◽  
Jian-Sheng Chen ◽  
Er-Qi He ◽  
Mei-Ting Huang ◽  
Hua-Ying Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Pairwise Identity ◽  
Disease Management Strategy ◽  
Geographic Origins ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Geographical Populations ◽  
Readthrough Protein

Maize yellow mosaic virus (MaYMV) hosted in various gramineous plants was assigned to the genus Polerovirus (family Luteoviridae) in 2018. However, little is known about its genetic diversity and population structure. In this study, 509 sugarcane leaf samples with mosaic symptoms were collected in 2017-2019 from eight sugarcane-growing provinces in China. RT-PCR results revealed that four positive-sense RNA viruses were found to infect sugarcane, and the incidence of MaYMV among samples from Fujian, Sichuan, and Guangxi provinces was 52.1%, 9.8%, and 2.5%, respectively. Based on 82 partial MaYMV sequences and 46 whole-genome sequences from different host plants, phylogenetic analysis revealed that MaYMV populations are very closely associated with their source geographical regions (China, Africa, and South America). Pairwise identity analysis showed significant variability in genome sequences among MaYMV isolates with genomic nucleotide identities of 91.1-99.9%. In addition to codon mutations, insertions/deletions also contributed to genetic variability in individual coding regions, especially in the readthrough protein (P3-P5 fusion protein). Low gene flow and significant genetic differentiation of MaYMV were observed among the three geographical populations, suggesting that environmental adaptation is an important evolutionary force that shapes the genetic structure of MaYMV. Genes in the MaYMV genome were subject to strong negative or purification selection during evolution, except for the movement protein (MP), which was under positive selection pressure. This finding suggests that the MP may play an important role in MaYMV evolution. Taken together, our findings provide basic information for the development of an integrated disease management strategy against MaYMV.

Genetic variability among Fasciola hepatica samples from different host species and geographical localities in Spain revealed by the novel SRAP marker

2008 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Alasaad ◽  
Q. Y. Li ◽  
R. Q. Lin ◽  
P. Martín-Atance ◽  
J. E. Granados ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Srap Marker ◽  
The Novel

scholarly journals Evolving by deleting: patterns of molecular evolution of Apple stem pitting virus isolates from Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (10) ◽  
pp. 1442-1456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Komorowska ◽  
Beata Hasiów-Jaroszewska ◽  
Santiago F. Elena
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Evolution ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Apple Stem ◽  
Molecular Variants ◽  
Quasispecies Population ◽  
Apple Stem Pitting Virus ◽  
Stem Pitting ◽  
Population Genetic Analyses

In this study, 267 coat protein gene (CP) sequences from 48 Polish isolates of Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV) were determined. The genetic structure of the virus population was analysed and possible mechanisms of molecular evolution explored. We found evidence of recombination within the ASPV population and the presence of 17 ASPV molecular variants that differ in the length, number and arrangement of deletions in the CP. Population genetic analyses showed significant variation among isolates from pear and apple trees, between isolates from the same host species and, more interestingly, within isolates, supporting the existence of significant levels of variability within individual hosts, as expected by a quasispecies population structure. In addition, different tests support that selection might have been an important force driving diversification within isolates: positive selection was found acting upon certain amino acids. Phylogenetic analyses also showed that isolates did not classify according to the host species (pear or apple trees) but according to the pattern of deletions, suggesting a possible role for deletions during clade diversification.

scholarly journals Host Range, Purification, and Genetic Variability in Sweet potato chlorotic fleck virus

Plant Disease ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Aritua ◽  
E. Barg ◽  
E. Adipala ◽  
R. W. Gibson ◽  
D. E. Lesemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Nucleic Acid Binding ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Homologous Antiserum ◽  
High Level

Sweet potato chlorotic fleck virus (SPCFV) has recently been classified as a putative new member of the genus Carlavirus (family Flexiviridae) on the basis of its molecular properties. In this study, SPCFV was characterized in terms of host range, physical and biological characteristics, and genetic variability. In addition to sweet potato, SPCFV infected some plant species in the families Convolvulaceae, Chenopodiaceae, and Solanaceae. Limited numbers of virus particles were observed in the assimilation parenchyma cells of infected plant tissues; some cells had a distorted and enlarged endoplasmic reticulum though without any cytoplasmic and amorphous inclusions. The normal length of SPCFV particles was determined to be approximately 800 nm. In enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, polyclonal antibodies raised against purified SPCFV virions were able to detect the virus in infected sweet potato and indicator plant tissues. In immunoelectron microscopy, SPCFV particles were all strongly decorated when reacted with homologous antiserum. Comparison of the 3′ terminal part of the genome of a range of geographically diverse isolates revealed a high level of genetic diversity. The amino acid sequence identity in the coat protein and the nucleic acid binding protein ranged from 89 to 99.7% and from 75.9 to 99.2%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of both proteins showed a geographically associated clustering into two genogroups.

scholarly journals A Phylogenomic and Evolutionary Perspectives of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (01) ◽  
pp. 78-81
Author(s):  
Embalil Mathachan Aneesh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Evolutionary Analysis ◽  
Trace Back ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Repeated Infections ◽  
Virus Emergence ◽  
Corona Viruses ◽  
Molecular Evolutionary Analysis ◽  
Evolutionary Perspectives

From the time immemorial, all drastic pandemics and associated pathogens have been under the spotlight of research in our attempts to identify, characterise, control and trace back their origin. Quite often such attempts have enabled mankind to find effective solutions to overcome such pathogen outbreaks and turn them to pages of history. In the wake of repeated infections in different corners of the world, its quite essential to evaluate if they are the cruel aftermaths of nature or any manmade error. In such as scenario, recent developments in the molecular evolutionary analysis offer us more information in-depth regarding the virus emergence, molecular epidemiology, virulence and evolutionary concepts, adding to the conventional strategies in viral epidemiology. The nucleotide sequences were retrieved from NCBI. The present study revealed the genetic variability of CoV, 2019-nCoV against previously reported corona viruses. Moreover, the genetic variability of COVID-19 from different affected corners of the globe are evaluated to get a better understanding of their modes and routes of spread across our planet.Such nucleotide sequence-analyzed information gathered from this investigation will definitely assist the intention and implementation of effective pandemic control measures.

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