corona viruses
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Author(s):  
Rithika Gunta

Today the world is facing one of the biggest crisis, due to a new beta-corona virus emerged from Wuhan in China, on December 2019. WHO declared ‘acute respiratory syndrome COVID-19 (SARS Co-2)’as a pandemic on March 12, 2020. Corona viruses are enveloped positive single stranded RNA viruses, causing severe acute respiratory syndrome in the infected individuals. The risk of getting infected by covid-19 is similar in all the individuals across the nation. But the outcome of the infection varies from one individual to another, depending on the comorbidities present in them. The most vulnerable group of patients in respect to severity of outcome of the infection are the once with unbalanced heath conditions like age (>65 years), immune-compromised, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, increased insulin resistance, cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, chronic liver disease, vasculitis(vascular inflammation)and obesity. It is now a public knowledge that diabetes and obesity are a risk factor for any individual as these conditions can exacerbate the manifestations of COVID-19 infections thus increasing the severity of the condition, that may require hospitalization of the patient, later may even require intensive care unit or/and mechanical ventilation, with increased risk of mortality rates. In diabetic patients it is mainly due to failure in controlling the glucose levels and the risk of ketoacidosis. In patients with obesity lipid peroxidase creates reactive lipid aldehydes leading to poor prognosis.


Author(s):  
Shalini H. Moon ◽  
Manjusha Mahakarkar

Corona viruses are a large family of viruses that exist in many different species of animals including camels, bovine animals, and bats. The new strain of corona virus identified as the cause of outbreaks of respiratory disease in people first detected in Wuhan, China, was COVID-19.WHO has published a new guide on how to eat healthily during the COVID-19 COVID pandemic and self-quarantine.The guideline contains valuable information about nutrition to help keep the immune system strong. It also has tips for a diet that supports good health while advised to stay at home and may have less opportunity to consume fresh foods and be physically active.The FDA continues important research to protect public health during the COVID-19 pandemic along with other federal, state , and local agencies and public health officials around the country [1,2,3]. 


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 291-298
Author(s):  
Kavita Chauhan ◽  
Amulya Gupta ◽  
Shruti Agrawal

Corona 2019 (COVID-19) is a new infectious disease caused by acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which belongs to the family of corona viruses. The first case appeared in December 2019, and the disease has transformed into a pandemic. Physical disability control is one of the main parts that play a role in its disease and leads to adverse effects for COVID-19 patients. At present, people believe taking herbal treatment that can stop COVID-19.  Medicinal plants can distribute as the therapeutic agents so it can help people to fight against the COVID-19 disease by boost their immunities. And such as, it can help to decrease the death rate that are linked with SARS-CoV-2 infections. So, in this analysis, we can make an effort to combine and talk about of different kind of traditional medicinal plants and their biological properties that can help to build-up our immune system and also play a biggest role in the fight against the viral infections including COVID-19. This document will help researchers and industry to recognize and assess in the making medicinal herb that can meet their needs in a variation of applications including herbal / ayurvedic antiviral products, anti-bacterial/antimicrobial design, immune-potentiator development, sanitization and sanitization programs.  


Author(s):  
Rana Putri Kurniawan ◽  
Muhammad Alvin Giffary ◽  
Wendy Marbun

The pandemic that is endemic throughout the world is making every country work hard to eradicate it. has been declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a Global Public Health Emergency which is known to spread to all corners of the world very quickly. Coronavirus is a new virus that causes illness ranging from mild to severe symptoms. There are at least two types of corona viruses that cause serious illness, namely Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new disease that has never been identified in humans. The virus that causes is called SarsCoV2. COVID-19 is a new disease and there is very little research on it. Evidence-based information is required for the care, treatment and other information related to this disease. The Indonesian government later declared the Corona problem as an unnatural or non-natural national disaster. The President of the Republic of Indonesia, regional governments and their staff work together in various efforts to prevent the spread of the virus in the community. From ministerial level to province, district or city Keywords: Pandemic, Local Government, Efforts  


Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1280
Author(s):  
Taeyang Heo ◽  
Hansol Kang ◽  
Seungdo Choi ◽  
Jongmin Kim

Synthetic biologists have applied biomolecular engineering approaches toward the goal of novel biological devices and have shown progress in diverse areas of medicine and biotechnology. Especially promising is the application of synthetic biological devices towards a novel class of molecular diagnostics. As an example, a de-novo-designed riboregulator called toehold switch, with its programmability and compatibility with field-deployable devices showed promising in vitro applications for viral RNA detection such as Zika and Corona viruses. However, the in vivo application of high-performance RNA sensors remains challenging due to the secondary structure of long mRNA species. Here, we introduced ‘Helper RNAs’ that can enhance the functionality of toehold switch sensors by mitigating the effect of secondary structures around a target site. By employing the helper RNAs, previously reported mCherry mRNA sensor showed improved fold-changes in vivo. To further generalize the Helper RNA approaches, we employed automatic design pipeline for toehold sensors that target the essential genes within the pks island, an important target of biomedical research in connection with colorectal cancer. The toehold switch sensors showed fold-changes upon the expression of full-length mRNAs that apparently depended sensitively on the identity of the gene as well as the predicted local structure within the target region of the mRNA. Still, the helper RNAs could improve the performance of toehold switch sensors in many instances, with up to 10-fold improvement over no helper cases. These results suggest that the helper RNA approaches can further assist the design of functional RNA devices in vivo with the aid of the streamlined automatic design software developed here. Further, our solutions for screening and stabilizing single-stranded region of mRNA may find use in other in vivo mRNA-sensing applications such as cas13 crRNA design, transcriptome engineering, and trans-cleaving ribozymes.


Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1043
Author(s):  
Janeck J. Scott-Fordsmand ◽  
Monica J. B. Amorim

Earthworms have been used for centuries in traditional medicine and are used globally as an ecotoxicological standard test species. Studies of the earthworm Eisenia fetida have shown that exposure to nanomaterials activates a primary corona-response, which is covering the nanomaterial with native proteins, the same response as to biological invaders such as a virus. We outline that the earthworm Eisenia fetida is possibly immune to COVID-19 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2), and we describe the likely mechanisms of highly receptor-specific pore-forming proteins (PFPs). A non-toxic version of this protein is available, and we hypothesize that it is possible to use the earthworm’s PFPs based anti-viral mechanism as a therapeutic model for human SARS-CoV-2 and other corona viruses. The proteins can be used as a drug, for example, delivered with a nanoparticle in a similar way to the current COVID-19 vaccines. Obviously, careful consideration should be given to the potential risk of toxicity elicited by lysenin for in vivo usage. We aim to share this view to activate its exploration by the wider scientific community while promoting a potential therapeutic development.


2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Farhan Jahangir Chughtai ◽  
Saira Tanweer ◽  
Samreen Ahsan ◽  
Tariq Mehmood ◽  
Atif Liaqat ◽  
...  

Purpose Corona viruses have spiked structure and enveloped glycoproteins in their structure, along with specific proteins in membranes. The mode of action of COVID-19 consists of three phases, i.e. viral replication, immune hyperactivity and pulmonary destruction. However, angiotensin-converting enzyme is an essential receptor that causes COVID-19. After infecting any individual, COVID-19 develops in specific pattern with the following stages: replication stage and adaptive immunity stage. After adaptive immunity stage, the clinical symptoms of patient include cough, fever, runny nose, shortness of breath and many more. To cope with this COVID-19, food and nutrition played an important role. The purpose of this review article is to emphasize the significance of food and immunity to reduce COVID-19 attack among susceptibles. Design/methodology/approach In the present era, corona virus, a member of crown-shaped type, created a pandemic situation around the globe owing to its capability to move from human to animals and vice versa. This virus can transfer its 35% infection to the individuals. Contemporarily, this outbreak was observed in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and affected a huge number of communities by spreading like common flu. However, after investigation, it was revealed that COVID-19 is different from common flu regarding respiratory illness created by this novel coronavirus along with its taxonomy. Findings Over and above to all the aforementioned food safety concerns, it is suggested to use sufficient supply of green leafy vegetables along with fiber-rich foods such as legumes, beans, whole grains and vegetables. It is further good for health to get all these varieties whole and organic. The individuals should use probiotics (lactobacillus) on daily basis as a source of diary probiotic that can further bind to the virus directly and then can inhibit the viral attachment with body cells; also the probiotics are claimed to enhance the immune system of the body. Research limitations/implications In the case of fruits and vegetables purchased, it must be thoroughly washed with water and then disinfected; after pat drying, these fruits and vegetables can be moved to the refrigerator and stored along with other foods. During the outbreak of COVID-19, the partially cooked or ready-to-eat foods should be avoided, especially eggs, meat, meat products, milk and milk-related products. On the other side, nuts should not be consumed; if required, then it must be properly roasted at home before consumption. Practical implications The baked product right after coming out of oven is completely safe; however, these are contaminated during handling such as crumb in case of bread and with knives; so in the breakout of any viral attack, the individuals should avoid slicing of the bread. Moreover, it is recommended to place the baked products in personal bags instead of bulk quantity. Before the consumption, the baked products should be toasted, microwaved or heated with the help of pan (traditional) to reduce the amount of viral load. Social implications Dietary supplements are taken by most of the people on daily basis or sporadically especially when they are suffering from inflammation or cold. They have options while selecting these types of supplements such as probiotics, Echinacea, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins D and E, calcium glucosamine, garlic and iron. These supplements are beneficial for the group of population who do not eat diversity of food as sufficient amount of essential nutrients is provided through this pathway. Originality/value This work is original in its novelty.


Author(s):  
Preeti Suman Saxena ◽  
Kirti Singh ◽  
Poonam Jangir ◽  
Manish Nath Tripathi ◽  
Vimal Singh ◽  
...  

The current pandemic, novel corona virus 19 disease (COVID-19), has created havoc across the world. Now a third wave is possible, and we have already crossed two waves. The current review article presents recent reports about the COVID-19, the ways of treatments, and prevention. In view of the potential threats of a pandemic, various scientists have been trying to understand the pathophysiology of this disease to uncover possible treatment regimens and discover effective therapeutic agents and vaccines. To add further information to support the ongoing current research and development against SARS-CoV-2, the authors have provided the basics of pathophysiology, possible targets, and current treatment strategy for corona viruses. The current review highlights the antiviral strategies involving small molecules and different biological targets involved in corona virus infection and replication. The information included in this article provides a strong intellectual foundation for the ongoing development of therapeutic agents and vaccines.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-318
Author(s):  
Johannes Knaus ◽  
Petra Vatter ◽  
Martin Hessling

Abstract The ongoing coronavirus pandemic spreads through airborne transmission and is therefore difficult to contain. However, coronaviruses are highly sensitive to UVC, so UVC air disinfection systems should be able to inactivate the virus. Unfortunately, so far there are only few possibilities to test the reduction of airborne viruses or other pathogens. A special test rig, which mainly consisted of a nebulizer and an airflow system, was developed to determine the antiviral and antibacterial efficiency of UVC air disinfection systems. In the assessment of such an UVC air disinfection system with nebulized Staphylococcus carnosus and a sampling period of 30 minutes, a mean bactericidal reduction of 3.70 log10 (99.98 %) was determined. For antiviral irradiation of the coronavirus surrogate phi6 a mean viral load reduction of 1.18 log10 (93.40 %) was observed after a sampling period of 10 minutes. Therefore, mobile UVC air disinfection systems could be applied in hospitals, retirement and nursing homes.


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