scholarly journals Preparation and Evaluation of Ammonium Adipate Solutions as Inhibitors of Shale Rock Swelling

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1013
Author(s):  
Sirong Xian ◽  
Shijun Chen ◽  
Yubo Lian ◽  
Weichao Du ◽  
Zhifei Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Adipic Acid ◽  
Linear Expansion ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Expansion Test ◽  
Water Based

This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of a series of ammonium adipate solutions (AASs) by using the linear expansion test, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and particle size distribution analysis, and to examine the underlying inhibitory mechanism. A series of AASs was prepared from adipic acid and amines as small-molecule inhibitors of oil shale rock swelling. They were then evaluated by the bentonite linear expansion test. The best one, namely, AAS-8 (synthesized with adipic acid and tetraethylenepentamine in a ratio of acid group to amine group of 1:2), was evaluated in a water-based drilling fluid. The linear expansion test showed that the linear expansion rate of AAS-8 was the lowest (59.61%) when the concentration was 0.1%. The evaluation of the drilling fluid revealed that AAS-8 had a strong inhibitory effect on the swelling of hydrated bentonite particles in the water-based drilling fluid and was compatible with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and modified starch. The inhibition mechanism of AAS-8 was investigated using TGA and particle size distribution analysis, which demonstrated that AAS-8 might enter the clay layer and bind the clay sheets together by electrostatic adsorption and hydrogen bonding.

Rheology and fluid loss of a polyacrylamide-based micro-gel particles in a water-based drilling fluid

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 657-662
Author(s):  
Gang Wang ◽  
Honghai Fan ◽  
Guancheng Jiang ◽  
Wanjun Li ◽  
Yu Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Temperature Property ◽  
Water Based ◽  
The Cross

In this paper, the cross-linked micro-gel polymer between acrylamide (AM) and N, N-Methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) was synthesized by dispersion polymerization. The initiator and crosslinking agent concentration were used to control the particle size of micro-gel polymer. The filtration property and mechanism of micro-gel were investigated comprehensively. The characteristics of micro-gel were checked by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, transmission electron microscopy, and particle size distribution, respectively. The results indicated that the cross-linked micro-gel polymer exhibited several outstanding merits, such as thermal stability (up to 200 °C), filtration control and rheological property. Microstructure analysis and particle size distribution examinations showed that the scale of micro-gel polymer was micro, which is in accord with design. Rheological tests demonstrated that the nonlinear structure of micro-gel polymer showed less impact on the apparent viscosity. The anti-high temperature property of micro-gel polymer was better than poly anioniccellulose (PAC) and asphalt widely applied in drilling fluid for anti-high temperature fluid-loss additive. As a result, the cross-linked micro-gel polymer had great potential to be applied in high temperature water-based mud.

scholarly journals Digital microscopic image application (DMIA), an automatic method for particle size distribution analysis in waste activated sludge

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Cazares ◽  
J. A. Barrios ◽  
C. Maya ◽  
G. Velásquez ◽  
M. Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Laser Diffraction ◽  
Waste Activated Sludge ◽  
Equivalent Diameter ◽  
Distribution Analysis

Abstract An important physical property in environmental samples is particle size distribution. Several processes exist to measure particle diameter, including change in electrical resistance, blocking of light, the fractionation of field flow and laser diffraction (these being the most commonly used). However, their use requires expensive and complex equipment. Therefore, a Digital Microscopic Imaging Application (DMIA) method was developed adapting the algorithms used in the Helminth Egg Automatic Detector (HEAD) software coupled with a Neural Network (NN) and Bayesian algorithms. This allowed the determination of particle size distribution in samples of waste activated sludge (WAS), recirculated sludge (RCS), and pretreated sludge (PTS). The recirculation and electro-oxidation pre-treatment processes showed an effect in increasing the degree of solubilization (DS), decreasing particle size and breakage factor with ranges between 44.29%, and 31.89%. Together with a final NN calibration process, it was possible to compare results. For example, the 90th percentile of Equivalent Diameter (ED) value obtained by the DMIA with the corresponding result for the laser diffraction method. DMIA values: 228.76 μm (WAS), 111.18 μm (RCS), and 84.45 μm (PTS). DMIA processing has advantages in terms of reducing complexity, cost and time, and offers an alternative to the laser diffraction method.

Study on Soil Particle Size Distribution by Digital Image Processing

2013 ◽  
Vol 788 ◽  
pp. 627-630
Author(s):  
Jian Shu Hou
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Property ◽  
Image Processing ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Processing Method ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Processing Technologies

The particle size distribution of soil is very importantto its physical and mechanical property. The ordinary method of the particlesize distribution analysis is based on shaking the soil through a set of sieves.But it will be difficult to use the method while there have particles largerthan the biggest aperture of the size sieves. Then the digital image processingwas used to solve the problem here. The processing technologies, such as imageanalysis and enhancement, deblurring, edge detection were studied to analyzethe image of soil particles. Then the image processing method was used to getthe particle size distribution accurately. Though some promotions need to becarried out in the further study, it is can be found that the image processingmethod is more efficiently than the traditional method.

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