Rheology and fluid loss of a polyacrylamide-based micro-gel particles in a water-based drilling fluid

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 657-662
Author(s):  
Gang Wang ◽  
Honghai Fan ◽  
Guancheng Jiang ◽  
Wanjun Li ◽  
Yu Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Temperature Property ◽  
Water Based ◽  
The Cross

In this paper, the cross-linked micro-gel polymer between acrylamide (AM) and N, N-Methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) was synthesized by dispersion polymerization. The initiator and crosslinking agent concentration were used to control the particle size of micro-gel polymer. The filtration property and mechanism of micro-gel were investigated comprehensively. The characteristics of micro-gel were checked by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, transmission electron microscopy, and particle size distribution, respectively. The results indicated that the cross-linked micro-gel polymer exhibited several outstanding merits, such as thermal stability (up to 200 °C), filtration control and rheological property. Microstructure analysis and particle size distribution examinations showed that the scale of micro-gel polymer was micro, which is in accord with design. Rheological tests demonstrated that the nonlinear structure of micro-gel polymer showed less impact on the apparent viscosity. The anti-high temperature property of micro-gel polymer was better than poly anioniccellulose (PAC) and asphalt widely applied in drilling fluid for anti-high temperature fluid-loss additive. As a result, the cross-linked micro-gel polymer had great potential to be applied in high temperature water-based mud.

scholarly journals Preparation and Evaluation of Ammonium Adipate Solutions as Inhibitors of Shale Rock Swelling

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1013
Author(s):  
Sirong Xian ◽  
Shijun Chen ◽  
Yubo Lian ◽  
Weichao Du ◽  
Zhifei Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Adipic Acid ◽  
Linear Expansion ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Expansion Test ◽  
Water Based

This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of a series of ammonium adipate solutions (AASs) by using the linear expansion test, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and particle size distribution analysis, and to examine the underlying inhibitory mechanism. A series of AASs was prepared from adipic acid and amines as small-molecule inhibitors of oil shale rock swelling. They were then evaluated by the bentonite linear expansion test. The best one, namely, AAS-8 (synthesized with adipic acid and tetraethylenepentamine in a ratio of acid group to amine group of 1:2), was evaluated in a water-based drilling fluid. The linear expansion test showed that the linear expansion rate of AAS-8 was the lowest (59.61%) when the concentration was 0.1%. The evaluation of the drilling fluid revealed that AAS-8 had a strong inhibitory effect on the swelling of hydrated bentonite particles in the water-based drilling fluid and was compatible with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and modified starch. The inhibition mechanism of AAS-8 was investigated using TGA and particle size distribution analysis, which demonstrated that AAS-8 might enter the clay layer and bind the clay sheets together by electrostatic adsorption and hydrogen bonding.

Experimental Study of Drilling Fluid's Filtration and Mud Cake Evolution in Sandstone Formations

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Ezeakacha ◽  
S. Salehi ◽  
A. Hayatdavoudi
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Filter Cake ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Fluid Filtration ◽  
Significant Difference

In real time drilling, the complexity of drilling fluid filtration is majorly attributed to changing mud rheology, formation permeability, mud particle size distribution (PSD), filter cake plastering effects, and geochemical reaction of particles at geothermal conditions. This paper focuses on quantifying the major effects as well as revealing their contribution toward effective wellbore stabilization in sandstone formations. We conducted an extensive experimental and analytical study on this subject at different levels. First, we used field application and the results as guides for our experiments. We have considered both oil-based mud and water-based mud. Next, we optimized the mud particle size distribution (PSD) by carefully varying the type, size, and concentration of wellbore strengthening material (WSM). Laboratory high pressure high temperature fluid loss tests were carried out on Michigan and Bandera Brown sandstones. The results from these tests identify the formation heterogeneity and permeability in successful wellbore stabilization. Filter cake permeability calculations, using the analytical model for linear systems, were consistent with filtration rates, and the expected trend of permeability declines with time. Finally, we investigated the evolution of internal filter cake and plastering mechanism, using scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis. The test results revealed a significant difference in the formation permeability impairment for the optimal mud PSD and WSM blend.

scholarly journals Synthesis of a Novel Filtrate Reducer and Its Application in Water-Based Drilling Fluid for Ultra-High-Temperature Reservoirs

Geofluids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Dongyu Qiao ◽  
Zhongbin Ye ◽  
Lei Tang ◽  
Yiping Zheng ◽  
Xindong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Salt Resistance ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Water Base

The high-temperature stability and filtration property controlling of ultra-high-temperature water-based drilling fluids is a worldwide problem. To resolve this problem, a high-temperature-resistant quaternary copolymer (HTRTP) was synthesized based on molecular structure optimization design and monomer optimization. The physical and chemical properties were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, thermal weight, and spectrophotometry, and their temperature and salt resistance was evaluated in different drilling fluids, combined with adsorption, particle size analysis, and stability test. The results show that the thermal stability of HTRTP is very strong, and the initial temperature of thermal decomposition is above 320°C. The salt resistance of HTRTP is more than 162 g/L, and the calcium resistance is more than 5000 mg/L, which is equivalent to the foreign temperature-resistant polymer DCL-a, and is superior to the domestic metal ion viscosity increasing fluid loss agent PMHA-II for drilling fluids. It has excellent high-temperature resistance (245°C) and fluid loss reduction effect in fresh water base mud, fresh water weighted base mud, saturated brine base mud, and composite salt water base mud, which is better than foreign DCL-a (245°C) and domestic PMHA (220°C). The adsorption capacity of HTRTP on clay particles is large and firm, and the adsorption capacity changes little under the change of chemical environment and temperature. Both before and after HTRTP aging (245°C/16 h), the permeability of filter cake can be significantly reduced and its compressibility can be improved. By optimizing the particle size gradation of the drilling fluid and enhancing the colloid stability of the system, HTRTP can improve the filtration building capacity of the drilling fluid and reduce the filtration volume. The development of antithermal polymer provides a key treatment agent for the study of anti-high-temperature-resistant saline-based drilling fluid.

Assessment of Lost Circulation Material Particle-Size Distribution on Fracture Sealing: A Numerical Study

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Lu Lee ◽  
Arash Dahi Taleghani
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Material Particle ◽  
Lost Circulation ◽  
Fracture Sealing ◽  
Discrete Element Methods ◽  
Lost Circulation Materials

Summary Lost circulation materials (LCMs) are essential to combat fluid loss while drilling and may put the whole operation at risk if a proper LCM design is not used. The focus of this research is understanding the function of LCMs in sealing fractures to reduce fluid loss. One important consideration in the success of fracture sealing is the particle-size distribution (PSD) of LCMs. Various studies have suggested different guidelines for obtaining the best size distribution of LCMs for effective fracture sealing based on limited laboratory experiments or field observations. Hence, there is a need for sophisticated numerical methods to improve the LCM design by providing some predictive capabilities. In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and discrete element methods (DEM) numerical simulations are coupled to investigate the influence of PSD of granular LCMs on fracture sealing. Dimensionless variables were introduced to compare cases with different PSDs. We validated the CFD-DEM model in reproducing specific laboratory observations of fracture-sealing experiments within the model boundary parameters. Our simulations suggested that a bimodally distributed blend would be the most effective design in comparison to other PSDs tested here.

scholarly journals Reaction Mechanism and Process Control of Hydrogen Reduction of Ammonium Perrhenate

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 640
Author(s):  
Junjie Tang ◽  
Yuan Sun ◽  
Chunwei Zhang ◽  
Long Wang ◽  
Yizhou Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Hydrogen Reduction ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
High Density ◽  
Reduction Temperature ◽  
Ammonium Perrhenate

The preparation of rhenium powder by a hydrogen reduction of ammonium perrhenate is the only industrial production method. However, due to the uneven particle size distribution and large particle size of rhenium powder, it is difficult to prepare high-density rhenium ingot. Moreover, the existing process requires a secondary high-temperature reduction and the deoxidization process is complex and requires a high-temperature resistance of the equipment. Attempting to tackle the difficulties, this paper described a novel process to improve the particle size distribution uniformity and reduce the particle size of rhenium powder, aiming to produce a high-density rhenium ingot, and ammonium perrhenate is completely reduced by hydrogen at a low temperature. When the particle size of the rhenium powder was 19.74 µm, the density of the pressed rhenium ingot was 20.106 g/cm3, which was close to the theoretical density of rhenium. In addition, the hydrogen reduction mechanism of ammonium perrhenate was investigated in this paper. The results showed that the disproportionation of ReO3 decreased the rate of the reduction reaction, and the XRD and XPS patterns showed that the increase in the reduction temperature was conducive to increasing the reduction reaction rate and reducing the influence of disproportionation on the reduction process. At the same reduction temperature, reducing the particle sizes of ammonium perrhenate was conducive to increasing the hydrogen reduction rate and reducing the influence of the disproportionation.

EFFECT OF COATING CONTENT ON THE PROPERTIES OF A1(OH)3–Y(OH)3/ZrB2 COMPOSITE PARTICLES

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (03) ◽  
pp. 445-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIE-GUANG SONG ◽  
LIAN-MENG ZHANG ◽  
JUN-GUO LI ◽  
JIAN-RONG SONG
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Oxidation Resistance ◽  
Zirconium Diboride ◽  
Resistance Ratio ◽  
Composite Particles ◽  
High Temperature Materials

Zirconium diboride is widely applied to high-temperature materials, but it is easily oxidized at high temperature. To increase the oxidation resistance of zirconium diboride at high temperature, the A 1( OH )3– Y ( OH )3 is coated on the ZrB 2 surface to prepare A 1( OH )3– Y ( OH )3/ ZrB 2 composite particles. In this paper, the effect of coating content on the properties of A 1( OH )3– Y ( OH )3/ ZrB 2 composite particles is investigated. It is analyzed that the particle size and particle size distribution of A 1( OH )3– Y ( OH )3/ ZrB 2 composite particles is increased with the coating content. The dispersion of ZrB 2 particles is largely increased with the coating content of 0%–20%; the dispersion of ZrB 2 particles is similar when the coating content is from 20% to 30%. The oxidation resistance ratio of the ZrB 2 particles with 30% coating content is the best than that of other conditions—it is about three times more than that of the original ZrB 2 particles.

Influences of Ion Abundance of Cationic Hydrophilic Polyurethane Modified with Polysiloxane on its Emulsion Properties

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 2685-2689
Author(s):  
Ru Yi Song ◽  
Yong Yan Li ◽  
Xin Ping Li ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Heng Quan
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Reactive Dyes ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Optimal Efficiency ◽  
Emulsion Particle ◽  
Hydrophilic Polyurethane

Several cationic water-based polyurethanes end-capped with silicone coupling agent with different ion abundance are prepared. The effects of ion abundance of those polyurethanes on its emulsion particle size distribution, wet rubbing fastness improvement, hydrophility and soft handle are studied. The results show that the sample with moderate cationic ion abundance has optimal efficiency for color fixing of reactive dyes, and the quaterized cationic groups in polyurethane molecule should has positive contribution to hydrophility and soft handle of the treated fabric, especially for the color fabric treated with higher concentration polyurethane emulsion.

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