scholarly journals Spodumene: The Lithium Market, Resources and Processes

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Dessemond ◽  
Francis Lajoie-Leroux ◽  
Gervais Soucy ◽  
Nicolas Laroche ◽  
Jean-François Magnan
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Lithium Content ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Phase Conversion ◽  
Lithium Compounds ◽  
Extraction Processes ◽  
Critical Minerals ◽  
Rate Of Extraction

This literature review gives an overview of the lithium industry, including the lithium market, global resources, and processes of lithium compounds production. It focuses on the production of lithium compounds from spodumene minerals. Spodumene is one of the most critical minerals nowadays, due to its high lithium content and high rate of extraction. Lithium is one of the most sought-after metals, due to the ever-growing demand for lithium-ion batteries (LiBs). The data on lithium extraction from minerals is scattered through years of patents, journal articles, and proceedings; hence, requiring an in-depth review, including the comprehension of the spodumene phase system, the phase conversion processes, and the lithium extraction processes.

scholarly journals A cooperative biphasic MoOx–MoPx promoter enables a fast-charging lithium-ion battery

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Min Lee ◽  
Junyoung Kim ◽  
Janghyuk Moon ◽  
Kyu-Nam Jung ◽  
Jong Hwa Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anode Materials ◽  
Surface Engineering ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Graphite Anode ◽  
Graphite Surface ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Fast Charging ◽  
Li Ion

AbstractThe realisation of fast-charging lithium-ion batteries with long cycle lifetimes is hindered by the uncontrollable plating of metallic Li on the graphite anode during high-rate charging. Here we report that surface engineering of graphite with a cooperative biphasic MoOx–MoPx promoter improves the charging rate and suppresses Li plating without compromising energy density. We design and synthesise MoOx–MoPx/graphite via controllable and scalable surface engineering, i.e., the deposition of a MoOx nanolayer on the graphite surface, followed by vapour-induced partial phase transformation of MoOx to MoPx. A variety of analytical studies combined with thermodynamic calculations demonstrate that MoOx effectively mitigates the formation of resistive films on the graphite surface, while MoPx hosts Li+ at relatively high potentials via a fast intercalation reaction and plays a dominant role in lowering the Li+ adsorption energy. The MoOx–MoPx/graphite anode exhibits a fast-charging capability (<10 min charging for 80% of the capacity) and stable cycling performance without any signs of Li plating over 300 cycles when coupled with a LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 cathode. Thus, the developed approach paves the way to the design of advanced anode materials for fast-charging Li-ion batteries.

scholarly journals Polyimide-Derived Carbon-Coated Li4Ti5O12 as High-Rate Anode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1672
Author(s):  
Shih-Chieh Hsu ◽  
Tzu-Ten Huang ◽  
Yen-Ju Wu ◽  
Cheng-Zhang Lu ◽  
Huei Chu Weng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Electrochemical Performance ◽  
Anode Materials ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Rate Performance ◽  
Molecular Arrangement ◽  
Thermal Imidization ◽  
Carbon Coated ◽  
Graphite Structure

Carbon-coated Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) has been prepared using polyimide (PI) as a carbon source via the thermal imidization of polyamic acid (PAA) followed by a carbonization process. In this study, the PI with different structures based on pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), 4,4′-oxydianiline (ODA), and p-phenylenediamine (p-PDA) moieties have been synthesized. The effect of the PI structure on the electrochemical performance of the carbon-coated LTO has been investigated. The results indicate that the molecular arrangement of PI can be improved when the rigid p-PDA units are introduced into the PI backbone. The carbons derived from the p-PDA-based PI show a more regular graphite structure with fewer defects and higher conductivity. As a result, the carbon-coated LTO exhibits a better rate performance with a discharge capacity of 137.5 mAh/g at 20 C, which is almost 1.5 times larger than that of bare LTO (94.4 mAh/g).

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