Many studies discuss carbon-based materials because of the versatility of carbon. These studies include different ideas and discuss them within scientific scope and application. Depending on the processing conditions of carbon precursors, carbon exists in various allotropic forms. The electron transfer mechanism is responsible for converting the gaseous carbon atom into various states – graphite, nanotube, fullerene, diamond, lonsdaleite and graphene states. A typical energy shaped like parabola trajectory enables the transfer of the electron in carbon atom by preserving its equilibrium state. In the conversion of carbon atom from one state to other state, the trajectory of energy links to suitable filled and unfilled states of the east side, and the other trajectory of energy links to suitable filled and unfilled states of the west side. In this way, filled state electrons instantaneously and simultaneously transfer to unfilled states through the paths of involved typical energy trajectories. The involved typical energy remains partially conserved. Thus, the forces exerted to the electrons at the instant of transferring also remain partially conserved. Carbon atoms, in graphite, nanotube and fullerene states, partially evolve and partially develop the structures. Atoms form structures of one dimension, two dimensions and four dimensions, respectively. In the formation of such structures, binding atoms involve the typical energy shaped like parabola, where partially conserved forces also engage at the electron level. The graphite structure under only attained dynamics of atoms is also formed, but in the order of two dimensions and amorphous carbon. The binding energy among graphite atoms is due to the small difference of east force and west force. The structural formations in diamond, lonsdaleite and graphene atoms involve a different shaped typical energy to control the orientation of electrons undertaking one more clamp of the energy knot. The involved typical energy has a form like golf-stick, which is half of the parabola shaped trajectory. To undertake double clamping of energy knot, all four targeted electrons of the outer ring (of depositing diamond atom) aligned along the south pole, and all four unfilled energy knots of the outer ring (of deposited diamond atom) positioned along the east-west poles. Thus, the growth of diamond is found to be south to ground. The depositing diamond atom binds to the deposited diamond atom from ground to south. Thus, diamond atoms form the tetra-electron topological structure. Graphene atoms can form structure oppositely to diamond atoms. Binding of lonsdaleite atoms can be from ground to a bit south. To nucleate the structure of glassy carbon, three layers of carbon atoms having different state for each layer, i.e., gaseous, graphite and lonsdaleite, bind in successive manner. Mohs hardness of carbon nanostructures and microstructures is also sketched.