scholarly journals Anything You Can Do, I Can Do Better: Can Aptamers Replace Antibodies in Clinical Diagnostic Applications?

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (23) ◽  
pp. 4377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Bauer ◽  
Mia Strom ◽  
David S Hammond ◽  
Sarah Shigdar
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Molecular Probe ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Clinical Environment ◽  
Clinical Diagnostic ◽  
Diagnostic Applications

The mainstay of clinical diagnostics is the use of specialised ligands that can recognise specific biomarkers relating to pathological changes. While protein antibodies have been utilised in these assays for the last 40 years, they have proven to be unreliable due to a number of reasons. The search for the ‘perfect’ targeting ligand or molecular probe has been slow, though the description of chemical antibodies, also known as aptamers, nearly 30 years ago suggested a replacement reagent. However, uptake has been slow to progress into the clinical environment. In this review, we discuss the issues associated with antibodies and describe some of the applications of aptamers that have relevancy to the clinical diagnostic environment.

scholarly journals Colistin Heteroresistance Is Largely Undetected among Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales in the United States

mBio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor I. Band ◽  
Sarah W. Satola ◽  
Richard D. Smith ◽  
David A. Hufnagel ◽  
Chris Bower ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Clinical Diagnostic

ABSTRACT Heteroresistance is a form of antibiotic resistance where a bacterial strain is comprised of a minor resistant subpopulation and a majority susceptible subpopulation. We showed previously that colistin heteroresistance can mediate the failure of colistin therapy in an in vivo infection model, even for isolates designated susceptible by clinical diagnostics. We sought to characterize the extent of colistin heteroresistance among the highly drug-resistant carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE). We screened 408 isolates for colistin heteroresistance. These isolates were collected between 2012 and 2015 in eight U.S. states as part of active surveillance for CRE. Colistin heteroresistance was detected in 10.1% (41/408) of isolates, and it was more common than conventional homogenous resistance (7.1%, 29/408). Most (93.2%, 38/41) of these heteroresistant isolates were classified as colistin susceptible by standard clinical diagnostic testing. The frequency of colistin heteroresistance was greatest in 2015, the last year of the study. This was especially true among Enterobacter isolates, of which specific species had the highest rates of heteroresistance. Among Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, which were the majority of isolates tested, there was a closely related cluster of colistin-heteroresistant ST-258 isolates found mostly in Georgia. However, cladistic analysis revealed that, overall, there was significant diversity in the genetic backgrounds of heteroresistant K. pneumoniae isolates. These findings suggest that due to being largely undetected in the clinic, colistin heteroresistance among CRE is underappreciated in the United States. IMPORTANCE Heteroresistance is an underappreciated phenomenon that may be the cause of some unexplained antibiotic treatment failures. Misclassification of heteroresistant isolates as susceptible may lead to inappropriate therapy. Heteroresistance to colistin was more common than conventional resistance and was overwhelmingly misclassified as susceptibility by clinical diagnostic testing. Higher proportions of colistin heteroresistance observed in certain Enterobacter species and clustering among heteroresistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains may inform colistin treatment recommendations. Overall, the rate of colistin nonsusceptibility was more than double the level detected by clinical diagnostics, suggesting that the prevalence of colistin nonsusceptibility among CRE may be higher than currently appreciated in the United States.

Micro-polarimetry for pre-clinical diagnostics of pathological changes in human tissues

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Golnik ◽  
Natalia Golnik ◽  
Tadeusz Pałko ◽  
Tomasz Sołtysiński
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Human Tissues ◽  
Pathological Changes

Chip-Based Heterogeneous Immunoassay for Clinical Diagnostic Applications

1998 ◽  
pp. 347-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Fluri ◽  
G.-L. Lettieri ◽  
B. H. van der Schoot ◽  
E. Verpoorte ◽  
N. F. de Rooij
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Diagnostic ◽  
Heterogeneous Immunoassay ◽  
Diagnostic Applications

An Overview of EEG and MEG

2017 ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Riitta Hari ◽  
Aina Puce
Keyword(s):  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Clinical Environment ◽  
Single Trial ◽  
Eeg Activity ◽  
Technical Developments ◽  
Very High ◽  
Made In

This chapter discusses the rather different histories of MEG and EEG. EEG has been used as a tool of clinical diagnostics since the 1930s with visual inspection of spontaneous EEG activity in patients suffering from various brain disorders, particularly epilepsy. For MEG, the evolution of applications has been the opposite: the first recordings were made in research laboratories and the recordings started by averaging a very high number of single trials, and it took some time before low-noise MEG equipment became available to allow single-trial analyses. Only with recent technical developments, especially with the advent of whole scalp–covering devices, has MEG become increasingly popular in the clinical environment. We discuss the evolution of both techniques with respect to the measurement of brain rhythms and evoked and event-related responses.

scholarly journals Diagnostic applications of next generation sequencing: working towards quality standards/Diagnostische Anwendung von Next Generation Sequencing: Auf dem Weg zu Qualitätsstandards

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ina Vogl ◽  
Sebastian H. Eck ◽  
Anna Benet-Pagès ◽  
Philipp A. Greif ◽  
Kaimo Hirv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Genetic Diagnostics ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
High Expectations ◽  
Diagnostic Applications ◽  
Generation Sequencing

AbstractOver the past 6 years, next generation sequencing (NGS) has been established as a valuable high-throughput method for research in molecular genetics and has successfully been employed in the identification of rare and common genetic variations. All major NGS technology companies providing commercially available instruments (Roche 454, Illumina, Life Technologies) have recently marketed bench top sequencing instruments with lower throughput and shorter run times, thereby broadening the applications of NGS and opening the technology to the potential use for clinical diagnostics. Although the high expectations regarding the discovery of new diagnostic targets and an overall reduction of cost have been achieved, technological challenges in instrument handling, robustness of the chemistry and data analysis need to be overcome. To facilitate the implementation of NGS as a routine method in molecular diagnostics, consistent quality standards need to be developed. Here the authors give an overview of the current standards in protocols and workflows and discuss possible approaches to define quality criteria for NGS in molecular genetic diagnostics.

scholarly journals Real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and its potential use in clinical diagnosis

2005 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Bustin ◽  
Reinhold Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Therapy Monitoring ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Clinical Diagnostic ◽  
Pcr Assays

qRT-PCR (real-time reverse transcription-PCR) has become the benchmark for the detection and quantification of RNA targets and is being utilized increasingly in novel clinical diagnostic assays. Quantitative results obtained by this technology are not only more informative than qualitative data, but simplify assay standardization and quality management. qRT-PCR assays are most established for the detection of viral load and therapy monitoring, and the development of SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome)-associated coronavirus qRT-PCR assays provide a textbook example of the value of this technology for clinical diagnostics. The widespread use of qRT-PCR assays for diagnosis and the detection of disease-specific prognostic markers in leukaemia patients provide further examples of their usefulness. Their value for the detection of disease-associated mRNA expressed by circulating tumour cells in patients with solid malignancies is far less apparent, and the clinical significance of results obtained from such tests remains unclear. This is because of conceptual reservations as well as technical limitations that can interfere with the diagnostic specificity of qRT-PCR assays. Therefore, although it is evident that qRT-PCR assay has become a useful and important technology in the clinical diagnostic laboratory, it must be used appropriately and it is essential to be aware of its limitations if it is to fulfil its potential.

scholarly journals A semi-automated, field-portable microscopy platform for clinical diagnostic applications

AIP Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 084902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veerendra Kalyan Jagannadh ◽  
Rajesh Srinivasan ◽  
Sai Siva Gorthi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Diagnostic ◽  
Diagnostic Applications

scholarly journals Nanomaterial based aptasensors for clinical and environmental diagnostic applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 2123-2138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harmanjit Kaur ◽  
Munish Shorie
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Contaminant Monitoring ◽  
Diagnostic Applications

Exploring nanomaterials for the fabrication of aptamer based biosensors and their application in clinical diagnostics and contaminant monitoring in food & environment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document