scholarly journals Nanomaterial based aptasensors for clinical and environmental diagnostic applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 2123-2138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harmanjit Kaur ◽  
Munish Shorie
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Contaminant Monitoring ◽  
Diagnostic Applications

Exploring nanomaterials for the fabrication of aptamer based biosensors and their application in clinical diagnostics and contaminant monitoring in food & environment.

scholarly journals Diagnostic applications of next generation sequencing: working towards quality standards/Diagnostische Anwendung von Next Generation Sequencing: Auf dem Weg zu Qualitätsstandards

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ina Vogl ◽  
Sebastian H. Eck ◽  
Anna Benet-Pagès ◽  
Philipp A. Greif ◽  
Kaimo Hirv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Genetic Diagnostics ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
High Expectations ◽  
Diagnostic Applications ◽  
Generation Sequencing

AbstractOver the past 6 years, next generation sequencing (NGS) has been established as a valuable high-throughput method for research in molecular genetics and has successfully been employed in the identification of rare and common genetic variations. All major NGS technology companies providing commercially available instruments (Roche 454, Illumina, Life Technologies) have recently marketed bench top sequencing instruments with lower throughput and shorter run times, thereby broadening the applications of NGS and opening the technology to the potential use for clinical diagnostics. Although the high expectations regarding the discovery of new diagnostic targets and an overall reduction of cost have been achieved, technological challenges in instrument handling, robustness of the chemistry and data analysis need to be overcome. To facilitate the implementation of NGS as a routine method in molecular diagnostics, consistent quality standards need to be developed. Here the authors give an overview of the current standards in protocols and workflows and discuss possible approaches to define quality criteria for NGS in molecular genetic diagnostics.

Next Generation Sequencing Technology in Clinical Diagnostics

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Megha Agrawal ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Library Preparation ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Sequencing Technology ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Technology ◽  
Diagnostic Applications ◽  
Generation Sequencing

The promise of next generation sequencing offers hope for the current DNA sequencing technology to evolve from the applications in basic research to transition to the clinical diagnostics. This advancement in the sequencing technology is happening in part due to the introduction of high throughput and benchtop instruments that offer fully automated cost-effective sequencing along with faster assay times. This development is believed to remove the bottleneck of the complex and cumbersome library preparation that include isolation of nucleic acids and the resulting amplified and barcoded DNA with sequencing adapters. Here, we present a brief overview of the principles of next generation sequencing and automation of library preparation along with the diagnostic applications of next generation sequencing in human immunogenetics. Finally, an outlook is presented.

scholarly journals Applications of Nanobiotechnology in Clinical Diagnostics

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 2002-2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kewal K Jain
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Molecular Diagnostics ◽  
Biomarker Discovery ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
Diagnostic Applications

Abstract Background: Nanobiotechnologies are being applied to molecular diagnostics and several technologies are in development. Methods: This review describes nanobiotechnologies that are already incorporated in molecular diagnostics or have potential applications in clinical diagnosis. Selected promising technologies from published literature as well as some technologies that are in commercial development but have not been reported are included. Results: Nanotechnologies enable diagnosis at the single-cell and molecule levels, and some can be incorporated in current molecular diagnostic methods, such as biochips. Nanoparticles, such as gold nanoparticles and quantum dots, are the most widely used, but various other nanotechnological devices for manipulation at the nanoscale as well as nanobiosensors are also promising for potential clinical applications. Conclusions: Nanotechnologies will extend the limits of current molecular diagnostics and enable point-of-care diagnostics, integration of diagnostics with therapeutics, and development of personalized medicine. Although the potential diagnostic applications are unlimited, the most important current applications are foreseen in the areas of biomarker discovery, cancer diagnosis, and detection of infectious microorganisms. Safety studies are needed for in vivo use. Because of its close interrelationships with other technologies, nanobiotechnology in clinical diagnosis will play an important role in the development of nanomedicine in the future.

scholarly journals Anything You Can Do, I Can Do Better: Can Aptamers Replace Antibodies in Clinical Diagnostic Applications?

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (23) ◽  
pp. 4377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Bauer ◽  
Mia Strom ◽  
David S Hammond ◽  
Sarah Shigdar
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Molecular Probe ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Clinical Environment ◽  
Clinical Diagnostic ◽  
Diagnostic Applications

The mainstay of clinical diagnostics is the use of specialised ligands that can recognise specific biomarkers relating to pathological changes. While protein antibodies have been utilised in these assays for the last 40 years, they have proven to be unreliable due to a number of reasons. The search for the ‘perfect’ targeting ligand or molecular probe has been slow, though the description of chemical antibodies, also known as aptamers, nearly 30 years ago suggested a replacement reagent. However, uptake has been slow to progress into the clinical environment. In this review, we discuss the issues associated with antibodies and describe some of the applications of aptamers that have relevancy to the clinical diagnostic environment.

Disposable Smart Plastic Biochips For Clinical Diagnostics

2002 ◽  
Vol 729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chong H. Ahn ◽  
Jin-Woo Choi ◽  
Sanghyo Kim ◽  
Young-Soo Sohn ◽  
Aniruddha Puntambekar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Passive Control ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Microfluidic System ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Plastic Substrate ◽  
Driving Mechanisms ◽  
Care Health ◽  
Diagnostic Applications ◽  
On Chip

AbstractThis paper presents an overview of the development of novel disposable smart plastic fluidic biochips for clinical diagnostic applications. The biochip is manufactured using a low-cost, rapid turn around injection molding/embossing process on a plastic substrate. The plastic fluidic biochip uses a novel sPROMs (structurally programmable microfluidic system) approach to achieve passive control of fluidic sequencing [1-2]. The plastic biochip also uses an on-chip pressurized air source for fluidic movement thus eliminating the need for active driving mechanisms and allowing for a truly disposable approach. Furthermore, electrochemical biosensors are also integrated on-chip to analyze various metabolically significant parameters such as PO2(partial pressure of oxygen), Glucose, Lactate,and pH. The fluidic biochip is being developed for point-of-care health monitoring applications where parameters such as small size, simplicity of operation, disposability, reduced cross-contamination are vital. The issues mentioned above are successfully addressed using the approach of this work and are discussed in this paper.

Aspiration cytology and transmission electron microscopy (TEM): A novel tissue-collection technique with useful diagnostic applications

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 90-93
Author(s):  
J.A. Maksem ◽  
C. VanDyke ◽  
H.W. Carter ◽  
C.F. Galang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Large Series ◽  
Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Diagnostic Applications ◽  
Microscopic Slide

In the last decade fine needle aspiraration biopsy has gained recognition as a valuable diagnostic technique, and its benefits have been demonstrated in large series of patients with almost every type of tumor (1,2). The usual way to collect cellular material from needle-aspiration biopsies is to discharge the needle and syringe contents onto a microscopic slide and smear the material with another slide. The entire specimen is contained on the slides prepared at the time of biopsy. Serious technical difficulties are inherent to this method. 1) Inconsistent fixation, 2) drying artifact, 3) loss of tissue fragments, 4) inability to confirm impressions by a “second method”, and 5) retention of significant diagnostic material in the needle hub. Our technique avoids these difficulties.

PCR: Clinical Diagnostics and Research

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arndt Rolfs ◽  
Irmela Schuller ◽  
Ulrich Finckh ◽  
Ines Weber-Rolfs
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Diagnostics

Tuberculosis of the meninges and central nervous system. Experience of clinical diagnostics in St. Petersburg for 50 years

MedAlliance ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-24
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Medical Errors ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Lethal Outcome ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Allergic Vasculitis ◽  
Tuberculosis Meningitis ◽  
Group 1

The clinic and diagnostics of tuberculosis meningitis (TM) in 926 patients treated in St. Petersburg hospitals in 1965–1994 (group 1) and in 1995–2018 (group 2) is presented. The TM clinic is demonstrated to be determined by the form of tuberculosis and its characteristic generalization nature in the presence of repeated waves of bacteremia and allergic vasculitis of greater or lesser severity. There is clinical peculiarity of TM in primary pulmonary tuberculosis and its early large-focal and late miliar generalization, as well as in hematogenous tuberculosis. In patients of the 1st and 2nd groups the TM clinic shows in some respects a noticeable similarity, in others — a significant difference. Despite the typical symptoms, early diagnosis of TM took place in less than 20% of patients. Clinical examples illustrating the unusual development of TM, contrasting with its usual course, are given. A number of objective and subjective factors contributing to the adverse evolution of TM and its lethal outcome are discussed. These include the peculiarity of modern tuberculosis, especially when associated with HIV infection, as well as medical errors associated with ignorance of the pathogenesis of tuberculosis and failure to comply with the minimum examination for tuberculosis.

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