scholarly journals Subcritical Water Extraction of Valuable Metals from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 2166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenni Lie ◽  
Stefani Tanda ◽  
Jhy-Chern Liu
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Subcritical Water ◽  
Initial Pressure ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Subcritical Water Extraction ◽  
Valuable Metals ◽  
Spent Libs

The leaching of valuable metals (Co, Li, and Mn) from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) was studied using subcritical water extraction (SWE). Two types of leaching agents, hydrochloric acid (HCl) and ascorbic acid, were used, and the effects of acid concentration and temperature were investigated. Leaching efficiency of metals increased with increasing acid concentration and temperature. Ascorbic acid performed better than HCl, which was attributed to ascorbic acid’s dual functions as an acidic leaching agent and a reducing agent that facilitates leaching reactions, while HCl mainly provides acidity. The chemical analysis of leaching residue by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that Co(III) oxide could be totally leached out in ascorbic acid but not in HCl. More than 95% of Co, Li, and Mn were leached out from spent LIBs’ cathode powder by SWE using 0.2 M of ascorbic acid within 30 min at 100 °C, initial pressure of 10 bar, and solid-to-liquid ratio of 10 g/L. The application of SWE with a mild concentration of ascorbic acid at 100 °C could be an alternative process for the recovery of valuable metal in spent LIBs. The process has the advantages of rapid reaction rate and energy efficiency that may benefit development of a circular economy.

A novel closed-loop process for the simultaneous recovery of valuable metals and iron from a mixed type of spent lithium-ion batteries

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 6342-6352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangping Chen ◽  
Jiazhu Li ◽  
Duozhi Kang ◽  
Tao Zhou ◽  
Hongrui Ma
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Cathode Materials ◽  
Mixed Type ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Valuable Metals ◽  
Spent Libs

Valuable metals and Fe can be simultaneously recovered from spent LIBs to regenerate cathode materials by closed-loop recycling process.

Recovery methods and regulation status of waste lithium-ion batteries in China: A mini review

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 1142-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Siqi ◽  
Li Guangming ◽  
He Wenzhi ◽  
Huang Juwen ◽  
Zhu Haochen
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Valuable Metals ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Spent Libs ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
New Energy Vehicles

Heavy metals such as Co, Li, Mn, Ni, etc. and organic compounds enrich spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). These batteries seriously threaten human health and the environment. Meanwhile, with the development of new energy vehicles, the shortage of valuable metal resources which are used as raw materials for power batteries is becoming a serious problem. Using proper methods to recycle spent LIBs can both save resources and protect the environment. Pyrometallury is a kind of recycling method that is operated under high temperature with the aim of recovering useful metals after pre-treatment and organic binder removal with the characteristic of high temperature and it is easy to operate. Hydrometallurgy is characterized by high recovery efficiency, low reaction energy consumption, and high reaction rate, and is widely used in the recycling process of spent LIBs. During biometallurgy, valuable metals in the spent LIBs are extracted by microbial metabolism or microbial acid production processes. Since the drive for green and low secondary pollution, biometallurgy as well as solvent extraction and the electrochemical method have earned more attention during recent years. This mini-review analyzes the relationship between the emergence of new energy vehicles and the recycling status of spent LIBs. Meanwhile, this paper also consists of detailed treatment and recycling methods for LIBs and provides a summary of the management regulations of current waste for LIBs. What is more, the main challenges and further prospects in terms of LIBs management in China are analyzed.

A breakthrough method for the recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries without pre-sorting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jialiang Zhang ◽  
Guoqiang Liang ◽  
Cheng Yang ◽  
Juntao Hu ◽  
Yongqiang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Valuable Metals

Inspired by the process of "metallurgy first and then beneficiation" for disposing low-grade and complex mineral resources, we proposed a breakthrough method to recover valuable metals from spent entire lithium-ion...

Synergic Mechanisms on Carbon and Sulfur during the Selective Recovery of Valuable Metals from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 2271-2279
Author(s):  
Ping Xu ◽  
Chunwei Liu ◽  
Xihua Zhang ◽  
Xiaohong Zheng ◽  
Weiguang Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Selective Recovery ◽  
Valuable Metals

SUBCRITICAL WATER EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS FROMZATARIA MULTIFLORABOISS

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 804-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. KHAJENOORI ◽  
A. HAGHIGHI ASL ◽  
F. HORMOZI ◽  
M.H. EIKANI ◽  
H. NOORI BIDGOLI
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Subcritical Water ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Subcritical Water Extraction

Optimization of subcritical water extraction of phenolic antioxidants from pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel by response surface methodology

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (32) ◽  
pp. 4647-4656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linlin Yan ◽  
Yungang Cao ◽  
Guangyao Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Subcritical Water ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Phenolic Antioxidants ◽  
Subcritical Water Extraction ◽  
Extraction Technology ◽  
Pomegranate Peel ◽  
Efficient Extraction ◽  
Punica Granatum L

Subcritical water extraction (SWE), a ‘green’ and efficient extraction technology, was applied to extract phenolic antioxidants from pomegranate peel in this study.

scholarly journals Structural Changes in Milled Wood Lignin (MWL) of Chinese Quince (Chaenomeles sinensis) Fruit Subjected to Subcritical Water Treatment

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 398
Author(s):  
Wen-Yue Wang ◽  
Zhao Qin ◽  
Hua-Min Liu ◽  
Xue-De Wang ◽  
Jing-Hao Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Quantum Coherence ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
31P Nmr ◽  
Subcritical Water ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Subcritical Water Extraction ◽  
Milled Wood Lignin ◽  
Chinese Quince

Subcritical water treatment has received considerable attention due to its cost effectiveness and environmentally friendly properties. In this investigation, Chinese quince fruits were submitted to subcritical water treatment (130, 150, and 170 °C), and the influence of treatments on the structure of milled wood lignin (MWL) was evaluated. Structural properties of these lignin samples (UL, L130, L150, and L170) were investigated by high-performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC), FT-IR, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), TGA, pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), 2D-Heteronculear Single Quantum Coherence (HSQC) -NMR, and 31P-NMR. The carbohydrate analysis showed that xylose in the samples increased significantly with higher temperature, and according to molecular weight and thermal analysis, the MWLs of the pretreated residues have higher thermal stability with increased molecular weight. The spectra of 2D-NMR and 31P-NMR demonstrated that the chemical linkages in the MWLs were mainly β-O-4′ ether bonds, β-5′ and β-β′, and the units were principally G- S- H- type with small amounts of ferulic acids; these results are consistent with the results of Py-GC/MS analysis. It is believed that understanding the structural changes in MWL caused by subcritical water treatment will contribute to understanding the mechanism of subcritical water extraction, which in turn will provide a theoretical basis for developing the technology of subcritical water extraction.

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