Analyses of Skin Secretions of Vipera ammodytes (Linnaeus, 1758) (Reptilia: Serpentes), with Focus on the Complex Compounds and Their Possible Role in the Chemical Communication

Snakes rely heavily on chemical cues when foraging, searching for mates, etc. Snakes’ sex attractiveness pheromones comprise mainly heavy, semi-volatile compounds such as ketones. Here we investigated the composition of skin secretions of adult Vipera ammodytes (Linnaeus, 1758) individuals. The samples were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and the identification of the compounds was performed using commercial mass spectral libraries and retention times. The relative concentrations of all detected compounds were tested for significant differences between (1) male vs. female live individuals, (2) shed skin vs. live individuals, and (3) pre-reproductive vs. reproductive live individuals. We detected fifty-nine compounds of which six were ketones. Two ketones (2-pentacosanone and 2-heptacosanone) were present in many of the samples and thus may have an important role in the V. ammodytes chemical communication. We did not find significant differences between the relative concentrations of the compounds between male and female individuals (only three compounds are exceptions). Significant differences were found between extracts from shed skins and live individuals and between live pre-reproductive individuals and live reproductive individuals. The results of the study suggest that chemical communication in V. ammodytes involves less compounds in comparison to the known literature data for other species.

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Composition of Volatile Compounds of Horseradish Roots (Armoracia rusticana L.) Depending on the Genotype

Proceedings of the Latvia University of Agriculture ◽

10.2478/plua-2013-0001 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Lolita Tomsone ◽

Zanda Kruma ◽

Ruta Galoburda ◽

Thierry Talou

Keyword(s):

Volatile Compounds ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Great Influence ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Aroma Compound ◽

Mass Spectral ◽

Perennial Plant ◽

Spectral Libraries ◽

Mass Spectral Libraries

Abstract Horseradish is a perennial plant with significant antioxidant properties, and it contains about 0.2% to 1.0% of essential oil, mainly sinigrin, sinigrin-derived allylisothiocyanate and diallylsulphide. The aim of the study was to determine composition of volatile compounds of horseradish (A. rusticana L.) roots depending on the genotype. Volatiles from fresh horseradish roots of nine genotypes were extracted using solid phase microextraction with DVB/Car/PDMS fibre and were further analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The volatile compounds were identified by comparing their mass spectra with mass spectral libraries (Nist98) and by calculating linear retention indexes and comparing them with the literature data. The studied horseradish genotypes differed both in the quantitative and qualitative content of aroma compounds. Totally 15 volatile compounds were detected, and their highest amount was found in genotype G12B. The main aroma compound of all horseradish samples was allylisothiocyanate, which formed 64-82% of the total identified volatile compounds. The obtained results were compared with those found in the literature. All horseradish samples contained significant amounts of phenylethylisothiocyanate (4-18%) that is formed from glucosinolate - gluconasturtin. The study revealed that genotype has great influence on the content of volatiles in horseradish roots.

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Employing data management software for the production and searching of customized mass spectral libraries

Journal of Chemical Education ◽

10.1021/ed061p787 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 61 (9) ◽

pp. 787

Author(s):

Edward M. Gouge

Keyword(s):

Data Management ◽

Management Software ◽

Mass Spectral ◽

Spectral Libraries ◽

Mass Spectral Libraries ◽

Data Management Software

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Identifying Fentanyl with Mass Spectral Libraries

10.26434/chemrxiv.14176952.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anthony J. Kearsley ◽

Arun Moorthy

Keyword(s):

Law Enforcement ◽

Similarity Measures ◽

Mass Spectral Library ◽

Spectral Library ◽

Mass Spectral ◽

Fentanyl Analogs ◽

Spectral Libraries ◽

Mass Spectral Libraries

<div> <div> <div> <p>Synthesis, distribution and abuse of fentanyl, a synthetic opioid, has led to a critical worldwide epidemic. Mass spectral library searching for opioids remains unresolved despite being central to law-enforcement involving identification, monitoring and prosecution of opioid related crimes. In this article, two model problems are presented to illustrate difficulties associated with fentanyl identification. A collection of both currently-employed similarity measures and intuitive measures of dissimilarity are employed to simulate identifying fentanyl analogs with mass spectral library searching. </p> </div> </div> </div>

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