Bioactive Extracts: Strategies to generate Diversified Natural Product Like Libraries

Natural products have stimulated chemists owing to their abundant structural diversity and complexity. Indeed, natural products have performed an essential role, particularly in the cure of cancerous and infectious diseases, thereby posing medicinal researchers with a scope of unexplored chemotypes for the innovation of new drugs. Fusion of chemical derivatization and combinatorial synthesis forms the basis of the concept of chemo diversification of plants. Diverse libraries of natural product analogs are constructed through existing biological and chemical approaches using unique schemes to expand natural product frameworks. This review aims to present several approaches employed to offer innovative opportunities to synthesize NP-inspired compound libraries. Reactive molecular fragments present in most natural products are chemically converted to chemically engineered extracts (CEEs) or semisynthetic compounds constituting distinct libraries. Bio-guided isolation for natural products required vital tools like reverse phase chromatography and bioautographic assays. Different established strategies from DTS, BIOS, CtD, FOS, FBDD to Late-stage diversification facilitate the expansion of molecules with physicochemical properties. In particular, fragment-like natural products with novel skeletons may be used as preliminary points for chemical biology and medicinal chemistry programs with great capacity. In this review, we sum up how NPs have proven fruitful for the novel methodologies responsible for the diversification of complex natural products; thereby, it is worthy of going over the upcoming integration of natural products with combinatorial chemistry.

Discovery, Development, and Design of Anthocyanins-Inspired Anticancer Agents-A Comprehensive Review

: Mother Nature is an indispensable source of bioactive natural products. Bioactive secondary metabolites have played a crucial role in the drug development and discovery process; mainly anticancer and antibiotic molecules are extensively enriched with molecules of natural origin. Anthocyanins are water-soluble secondary metabolites found in most species in the plant domain especially flowers, fruits, and tubers. These natural vacuolar pigments belong to the chemical class of phenolic moieties which are responsible for the shiny orange, red, blue, pink, and violet colors in the fruits, flowers, and vegetables. Chemically, anthocyanins comprise a core structure in the form of flavylium cation or 2-phenylbenzopyrylium and these natural colorants are polyhydroxy and polymethoxy analouges of this flavylium cation and can have sugar moieties or acylated groups linked at different positions. Currently, these molecules have raised a growing interest because of their wide range of colors, innocuous, beneficial health effects, and commercial application of these compounds in functional foods, nutraceuticals, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. However, interest in anthocyanin derivatives has noticeably enhanced in recent years due to their higher stability, improved bioavailability in biological matrices, and better use in food matrices and cosmetic products. Due to the enormous potential of natural anthocyanins and their derivatives this review tries to cover syntheses of anthocyanins and their analogues, chemical derivatization of anthocyanins, and anticancer activities such as breast, colorectal, leukemia, lung, prostate, and skin cancer of anthocyanins efficiently.