scholarly journals Prospects of Using Biocatalysis for the Synthesis and Modification of Polymers

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2750
Author(s):  
Maksim Nikulin ◽  
Vytas Švedas
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Block Copolymerization ◽  
The Past ◽  
Functional Biomaterials ◽  
Huge Variety ◽  
Biocatalytic Production

Trends in the dynamically developing application of biocatalysis for the synthesis and modification of polymers over the past 5 years are considered, with an emphasis on the production of biodegradable, biocompatible and functional polymeric materials oriented to medical applications. The possibilities of using enzymes not only as catalysts for polymerization but also for the preparation of monomers for polymerization or oligomers for block copolymerization are considered. Special attention is paid to the prospects and existing limitations of biocatalytic production of new synthetic biopolymers based on natural compounds and monomers from biomass, which can lead to a huge variety of functional biomaterials. The existing experience and perspectives for the integration of bio- and chemocatalysis in this area are discussed.

CORDIAL CYBORG

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-31
Author(s):  
Saumya Jaiswal ◽  
Shivangi Tiwari ◽  
Vivek Kumar Tripathi ◽  
Ajay Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Direct Contact ◽  
Medical Robotics ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Collaborative Robotics ◽  
Medical Robots ◽  
The Past ◽  
Medicine Prescription ◽  
Hospital Stays ◽  
Return Home ◽  
Spread Of Infection

1. What are robots used in healthcare? Areas within healthcare which are starting to use robots include: telepresence, rehabilitation, medical transportation, sanitization and prescription dispensing. But we are most interested in collaborative robotics. We will be discussing the COBOT(Cordial Robot) applications. Most modern healthcare robots are especially designed for their target applications. 2. Is it possible to use robotics in medicine? Robotics in medicine can happen in many ways, here are some. Healthcare has been predicted as “a promising industry for robotics” for the past 45 years or more. Since as far back as 1974, researchers have been looking for ways to incorporate robotics into medical applications. 3. Is there a need for more surgery/telepresence/rehabilitation/medical transportation/sanitation and disinfection/medicine prescription dispensing robots? There is denitely a need for many more surgery robots, laparoscopic, endoscopic and nanorobots, as the technology allows more functionalities with miniature propulsion mechanisms. M.A. Zenati, M. Mahvash, from the science of medical robotics, 2012. 4. How are medical robots used to treat patients, reduce contact, and cure pain? Using the medical robots reduces the direct contact between the doctor and the patient, helps in reducing pain, by minimizing the need for more medication and longer hospital stays, allowing the person to return home by the therapy sooner without any spread of infection.

scholarly journals Advances in Phenazines over the Past Decade: Review of Their Pharmacological Activities, Mechanisms of Action, Biosynthetic Pathways and Synthetic Strategies

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 610
Author(s):  
Junjie Yan ◽  
Weiwei Liu ◽  
Jiatong Cai ◽  
Yiming Wang ◽  
Dahong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Pharmacological Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathways ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
The Past ◽  
Synthetic Derivatives

Phenazines are a large group of nitrogen-containing heterocycles, providing diverse chemical structures and various biological activities. Natural phenazines are mainly isolated from marine and terrestrial microorganisms. So far, more than 100 different natural compounds and over 6000 synthetic derivatives have been found and investigated. Many phenazines show great pharmacological activity in various fields, such as antimicrobial, antiparasitic, neuroprotective, insecticidal, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity. Researchers continued to investigate these compounds and hope to develop them as medicines. Cimmino et al. published a significant review about anticancer activity of phenazines, containing articles from 2000 to 2011. Here, we mainly summarize articles from 2012 to 2021. According to sources of compounds, phenazines were categorized into natural phenazines and synthetic phenazine derivatives in this review. Their pharmacological activities, mechanisms of action, biosynthetic pathways and synthetic strategies were summarized. These may provide guidance for the investigation on phenazines in the future.

scholarly journals Cryostructuring of Polymeric Systems. 50.† Cryogels and Cryotropic Gel-Formation: Terms and Definitions

Gels ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Lozinsky
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Gel Formation ◽  
Polymeric Systems ◽  
The Past ◽  
Marked Variability ◽  
Conference Presentations

A variety of cryogenically-structured polymeric materials are of significant scientific and applied interest in various areas. However, in spite of considerable attention to these materials and intensive elaboration of their new examples, as well as the impressive growth in the number of the publications and patents on this topic over the past two decades, a marked variability of the used terminology and definitions is frequently met with in the papers, reviews, theses, patents, conference presentations, advertising materials and so forth. Therefore, the aim of this brief communication is to specify the basic terms and definitions in the particular field of macromolecular science.

End-Functionalized Polymers by Controlled/Living Radical Polymerizations: Synthesis and Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Zhou ◽  
Liang-Wei Zhu ◽  
Bai-Heng Wu ◽  
Zhi-Kang Xu ◽  
Ling-Shu Wan
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Functionalized Polymers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Living Radical Polymerizations ◽  
Radical Polymerizations

The precise design of polymers with well-defined end functionality has received great interest for synthesizing polymeric materials with advanced or distinctive properties. In the past decades, considerable attention has been...

Virtual Reality in Healthcare

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Dorota Kamińska ◽  
Grzegorz Zwolińsksi ◽  
Anna Laska-Leśniewicz ◽  
Luis Pinto Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
End User ◽  
Scenario Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technological Potential

Over the past few years, the rapid development of virtual reality has led to the technology finding its way into the professional sector in addition to the gaming market. It plays a particularly important role in medical applications by providing a virtual environment to enable therapy, rehabilitation, and serving as an educational platform. The chapter provides an overview of the applications of virtual reality in medicine about some of the most important areas. Both scenario development and application validation methods are presented, as well as their impact on the end user. Finally, the technological potential and future development of VR applications used for improving medical service delivery are summarized and briefly discussed.

EFFECTS OF ALIGNMENT ERRORS IN PROTON NON-SCALING FFAG ACCELERATORS

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (10n11) ◽  
pp. 1842-1851 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUZANNE L. SHEEHY ◽  
DAVID J. KELLIHER
Keyword(s):  
Ion Beams ◽  
Particle Accelerator ◽  
Particle Therapy ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
The Past ◽  
Charged Particle Therapy ◽  
Acceleration Cycle ◽  
Alignment Errors ◽  
Linear Proton

Non-scaling FFAGs have gained interest in the past decade for their potential application to charged particle therapy using proton and ion beams. However, linear ns-FFAGs naturally cross betatron resonances throughout acceleration. With an acceleration cycle of thousands rather than tens of turns, we find that resonance crossing produces severe orbit distortion in a linear proton/ion ns-FFAG in the presence of alignment errors. To overcome this, the PAMELA (Particle Accelerator for MEdicaL Applications) lattice design avoids resonance crossing with a non-linear ns-FFAG design. This design is outlined and a comparative analysis of alignment tolerances presented.

Hybrid polymeric materials for medical applications

Polimery ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (02) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
STANISLAW SLOMKOWSKI
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Medical Applications

Characterization of Electron Beam Irradiated Polyvinylpyrrolidone-Dextran (PVP/DEX) Blends

2012 ◽  
Vol 188 ◽  
pp. 102-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Dumitraşcu ◽  
Mădălina Georgiana Albu ◽  
Marian Vîrgolici ◽  
Cătălin Vancea ◽  
Viorica Meltzer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Beam Irradiation ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
The Past ◽  
Polymeric Blends ◽  
Irradiation Treatment ◽  
Ft Ir

In the past years an increased interest to create new polymeric blends with application in the medical area for development of new types of biomaterials has appeared. Electron beam irradiation is well known as a method of producing important changes in polymer structure, being an alternative to chemical synthesis of biomaterials based on polymeric materials. The aim of the present study was to investigate the behaviour of some polyvinylpyrrolidone-dextran (PVP/DEX) blends under electron beam irradiation. Aqueous solutions of PVP with molecular weights of 360 000 Da (PVP 360), 40 000 Da (PVP 40), and DEX with molecular weight of 500 000 Da (DEX), were mixed as to obtain 50:50 blends of PVP40/DEX and PVP360/DEX. The obtained blends were irradiated with electron beam at different radiation doses and after irradiation treatment were processed by freeze-drying. PVP/DEX blends were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thermal analysis. The analyses were conducted in order to establish the relation between radiation dose and changes of structural and thermal properties.

scholarly journals Fuzzy Expert System Generalised Model for Medical Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-133
Author(s):  
Osée Muhindo Masivi
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Fuzzy Systems ◽  
Medical Application ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Fuzzy Expert System ◽  
Fuzzy Variables ◽  
The Past ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Fuzzy Expert Systems

Abstract Over the past two decades an exponential growth of medical fuzzy expert systems has been observed. These systems address specific forms of medical and health problems resulting in differentiated models which are application dependent and may lack adaptability. This research proposes a generalized model encompassing major features in specialized existing fuzzy systems. Generalization modelling by design in which the major components of differentiated the system were identified and used as the components of the general model. The prototype shows that the proposed model allows medical experts to define fuzzy variables (rules base) for any medical application and users to enter symptoms (facts base) and ask their medical conditions from the designed generalised core inference engine. Further research may include adding more composition conditions, more combining techniques and more tests in several environments in order to check its precision, sensitivity and specificity.

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