scholarly journals Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as Theranostic Agents in Cancer Immunotherapy

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1950
Author(s):  
Rossella Canese ◽  
Federica Vurro ◽  
Pasquina Marzola
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
Mri Contrast Agents ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
Theranostic Agents

Starting from the mid-1990s, several iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) were developed as MRI contrast agents. Since their sizes fall in the tenths of a nanometer range, after i.v. injection these NPs are preferentially captured by the reticuloendothelial system of the liver. They have therefore been proposed as liver-specific contrast agents. Even though their unfavorable cost/benefit ratio has led to their withdrawal from the market, innovative applications have recently prompted a renewal of interest in these NPs. One important and innovative application is as diagnostic agents in cancer immunotherapy, thanks to their ability to track tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in vivo. It is worth noting that iron oxide NPs may also have a therapeutic role, given their ability to alter macrophage polarization. This review is devoted to the most recent advances in applications of iron oxide NPs in tumor diagnosis and therapy. The intrinsic therapeutic effect of these NPs on tumor growth, their capability to alter macrophage polarization and their diagnostic potential are examined. Innovative strategies for NP-based drug delivery in tumors (e.g., magnetic resonance targeting) will also be described. Finally, the review looks at their role as tracers for innovative, and very promising, imaging techniques (magnetic particle imaging-MPI).

The Evolution of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as MRI Contrast Agents

MRS Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (42) ◽  
pp. 2157-2168
Author(s):  
Aileen O'Shea ◽  
Anushri Parakh ◽  
Rita Maria Lahoud ◽  
Sandeep Hedgire ◽  
Mukesh G Harisinghani
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Mri Contrast Agents ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Clinical Imaging ◽  
Iron Storage ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions

AbstractWhile the use of iron oxide nanoparticles as magnetic resonance contrast agents for clinical imaging is established, they are more recently experiencing renewed interest as alternatives to gadolinium-based contrast agents. Ultra-small iron oxide nanoparticles have unique pharmacokinetics, metabolic and imaging properties. These properties have led to improved techniques for imaging a variety of vascular, oncologic and inflammatory conditions with iron oxide nanoparticles. Current research efforts are aimed at harnessing the characteristics of these nanoparticles to advance magnetic resonance imaging techniques and explore new therapeutic potentials. While there are some limitations to the use of iron oxide nanoparticles, including allergies to parenteral iron and iron storage disorders, the practicable applications for these agents will continue to expand. The purpose of this review is to provide a brief overview of the history and synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles, their current applications in clinical imaging and their prospective clinical applications.

scholarly journals Micellar Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Coated with Anti-Tumor Glycosides

Nanomaterials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Groult ◽  
Isabel García-Álvarez ◽  
Lorenzo Romero-Ramírez ◽  
Manuel Nieto-Sampedro ◽  
Fernando Herranz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Mri Contrast Agents ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Mri Contrast ◽  
Rat Glioma ◽  
Antimitotic Activity ◽  
Theranostic Agents

The synthesis procedure of nanoparticles based on thermal degradation produces organic solvent dispersible iron oxide nanoparticles (OA-IONP) with oleic acid coating and unique physicochemical properties of the core. Some glycosides with hydrophilic sugar moieties bound to oleyl hydrophobic chains have antimitotic activity on cancer cells but reduced in vivo applications because of the intrinsic low solubility in physiological media, and are prone to enzymatic hydrolysis. In this manuscript, we have synthetized and characterized OA-IONP-based micelles encapsulated within amphiphilic bioactive glycosides. The glycoside-coated IONP micelles were tested as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) contrast agents as well as antimitotics on rat glioma (C6) and human lung carcinoma (A549) cell lines. Micelle antimitotic activity was compared with the activity of the corresponding free glycosides. In general, all OA-IONP-based micellar formulations of these glycosides maintained their anti-tumor effects, and, in one case, showed an unusual therapeutic improvement. Finally, the micelles presented optimal relaxometric properties for their use as T2-weighed MRI contrast agents. Our results suggest that these bioactive hydrophilic nano-formulations are theranostic agents with synergistic properties obtained from two entities, which separately are not ready for in vivo applications, and strengthen the possibility of using biomolecules as both a coating for OA-IONP micellar stabilization and as drugs for therapy.

scholarly journals The Use of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles to Reprogram Macrophage Responses and the Immunological Tumor Microenvironment

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Mulens-Arias ◽  
José Manuel Rojas ◽  
Domingo F. Barber
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Theranostic Agents

The synthesis and functionalization of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) is versatile, which has enhanced the interest in studying them as theranostic agents over recent years. As IONPs begin to be used for different biomedical applications, it is important to know how they affect the immune system and its different cell types, especially their interaction with the macrophages that are involved in their clearance. How immune cells respond to therapeutic interventions can condition the systemic and local tissue response, and hence, the final therapeutic outcome. Thus, it is fundamental to understand the effects that IONPs have on the immune response, especially in cancer immunotherapy. The biological effects of IONPs may be the result of intrinsic features of their iron oxide core, inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and modulating intracellular redox and iron metabolism. Alternatively, their effects are driven by the nanoparticle coating, for example, through cell membrane receptor engagement. Indeed, exploiting these properties of IONPs could lead to the development of innovative therapies. In this review, after a presentation of the elements that make up the tumor immunological microenvironment, we will review and discuss what is currently known about the immunomodulatory mechanisms triggered by IONPs, mainly focusing on macrophage polarization and reprogramming. Consequently, we will discuss the implications of these findings in the context of plausible therapeutic scenarios for cancer immunotherapy.

Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Used as MRI Contrast Agents: A Parametric Study

1999 ◽  
Vol 212 (2) ◽  
pp. 474-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Babes ◽  
Benoı̂t Denizot ◽  
Gisèle Tanguy ◽  
Jean Jacques Le Jeune ◽  
Pierre Jallet
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Parametric Study ◽  
Mri Contrast Agents ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Mri Contrast

scholarly journals Iron oxide nanoparticles stabilized with dendritic polyglycerols as selective MRI contrast agents

Nanoscale ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (16) ◽  
pp. 9646-9654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Nordmeyer ◽  
Patrick Stumpf ◽  
Dominic Gröger ◽  
Andreas Hofmann ◽  
Sven Enders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Contrast Agent ◽  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide ◽  
Mri Contrast Agents ◽  
Mri Contrast Agent ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Mri Contrast

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with a dendritic polyglycerol (dPG) sulfate strongly bind to L- and P-selectin. Shielding of leukocytes reduces cell extravasation and binding to endothelial cells indicate inflammation specificity and thus, applicability as selective MRI contrast agent.

scholarly journals PEG-copolymer-coated iron oxide nanoparticles that avoid the reticuloendothelial system and act as kidney MRI contrast agents

Nanoscale ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (29) ◽  
pp. 14153-14164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Gómez-Vallejo ◽  
María Puigivila ◽  
Sandra Plaza-García ◽  
Boguslaw Szczupak ◽  
Rafael Piñol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Reticuloendothelial System ◽  
Mri Contrast Agents ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Mri Contrast ◽  
Gamma Counting ◽  
Magnetic Nanocarriers

PEG coated magnetic nanocarriers avoid the reticuloendothelial system, and show an MRI contrast in the kidneys. The results are supported by SPECT, gamma-counting, MRI and TEM histology.

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