scholarly journals Hydroxyapatite Particles from Simulated Body Fluids with Different pH and Their Effects on Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2517
Author(s):  
Hiroki Miyajima ◽  
Hiroki Touji ◽  
Kazutoshi Iijima
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Biomimetic Synthesis ◽  
Ion Concentrations ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Inorganic Ion ◽  
Cell Scaffolds ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Building Components ◽  
Controllable Preparation

Bone-like hydroxyapatite (HAp) has been prepared by biomimetic synthesis using simulated body fluid (SBF), mimicking inorganic ion concentrations in human plasma, or 1.5SBF that has 1.5-times higher ion concentrations than SBF. In this study, the controllable preparations of HAp particles from 1.5SBF with different pH values were examined. The particles obtained as precipitates from 1.5SBF showed different morphologies and crystallinities depending on the pH of 1.5SBF. Micro-sized particles at pH 7.4 of 1.5SBF had a higher Ca/P ratio and crystallinity as compared with nano-sized particles at pH 8.0 and pH 8.4 of 1.5SBF. However, a mixture of micro-sized and nano-sized particles was obtained from pH 7.7 of 1.5SBF. When Ca2+ concentrations in 1.5SBF during mineralization were monitored, the concentration at pH 7.4 drastically decreased from 12 to 24 h. At higher pH, such as 8.0 and 8.4, the Ca2+ concentrations decreased during pH adjustment and slightly decreased even after 48 h. In this investigation at pH 7.7, the Ca2+ concentrations were higher than pH 8.0 and 8.4. Additionally, cytotoxicity of the obtained precipitates to mesenchymal stem cells was lower than that of synthetic HAp. Controllable preparation HAp particles from SBF has potential applications in the construction of building components of cell scaffolds.

scholarly journals Sinusoidal electromagnetic fields accelerate bone regeneration by boosting the multifunctionality of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weigang Li ◽  
Wenbin Liu ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Jiachen Wang ◽  
Tian Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Cell Scaffolds ◽  
Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Calvarial Defects

Abstract Background The repair of critical-sized bone defects is always a challenging problem. Electromagnetic fields (EMFs), used as a physiotherapy for bone defects, have been suspected to cause potential hazards to human health due to the long-term exposure. To optimize the application of EMF while avoiding its adverse effects, a combination of EMF and tissue engineering techniques is critical. Furthermore, a deeper understanding of the mechanism of action of EMF will lead to better applications in the future. Methods In this research, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) seeded on 3D-printed scaffolds were treated with sinusoidal EMFs in vitro. Then, 5.5 mm critical-sized calvarial defects were created in rats, and the cell scaffolds were implanted into the defects. In addition, the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which EMFs regulate BMSCs were explored with various approaches to gain deeper insight into the effects of EMFs. Results The cell scaffolds treated with EMF successfully accelerated the repair of critical-sized calvarial defects. Further studies revealed that EMF could not directly induce the differentiation of BMSCs but improved the sensitivity of BMSCs to BMP signals by upregulating the quantity of specific BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) receptors. Once these receptors receive BMP signals from the surrounding milieu, a cascade of reactions is initiated to promote osteogenic differentiation via the BMP/Smad signalling pathway. Moreover, the cytokines secreted by BMSCs treated with EMF can better facilitate angiogenesis and osteoimmunomodulation which play fundamental roles in bone regeneration. Conclusion In summary, EMF can promote the osteogenic potential of BMSCs and enhance the paracrine function of BMSCs to facilitate bone regeneration. These findings highlight the profound impact of EMF on tissue engineering and provide a new strategy for the clinical treatment of bone defects.

scholarly journals Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Promising Tool in the Treatment of Musculoskeletal Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 3105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Torres-Torrillas ◽  
Monica Rubio ◽  
Elena Damia ◽  
Belen Cuervo ◽  
Ayla del Romero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Musculoskeletal Diseases ◽  
Cartilage Regeneration ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Accurate Treatment ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Surgical Treatments

Chronic musculoskeletal (MSK) pain is one of the most common medical complaints worldwide and musculoskeletal injuries have an enormous social and economical impact. Current pharmacological and surgical treatments aim to relief pain and restore function; however, unsatiscactory outcomes are commonly reported. In order to find an accurate treatment to such pathologies, over the last years, there has been a significantly increasing interest in cellular therapies, such as adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs). These cells represent a relatively new strategy in regenerative medicine, with many potential applications, especially regarding MSK disorders, and preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated their efficacy in muscle, tendon, bone and cartilage regeneration. Nevertheless, several worries about their safety and side effects at long-term remain unsolved. This article aims to review the current state of AMSCs therapy in the treatment of several MSK diseases and their clinical applications in veterinary and human medicine.

Morpholino-functionalized phosphorus dendrimers for precision regenerative medicine: osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells

Nanoscale ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (37) ◽  
pp. 17230-17234
Author(s):  
Aijun Li ◽  
Yu Fan ◽  
Xueyan Cao ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
Le Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Potential Applications

Morpholino-functionalized phosphorus dendrimers strongly promote the transformation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts for potential applications in bone regeneration.

Isolation and Characterization of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Chicken Liver

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
Xibin Liu ◽  
Shuang Zhang ◽  
Weijun Guan ◽  
Dong Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Protein Markers ◽  
Multilineage Differentiation ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Multipotent Stem Cells ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Hepatic mesenchymal stem cells (HMSCs) are multipotent stem cells that is a vital part of the regeneration of hepatocytes after injury. In this study, HMSCs were isolated in embryonic livers from of 12-day-old chick embryo using collagenase, and the primary HMSCs were sub-cultured to passage. The protein markers of HMSCs, namely CD71, CD29 and CD44, were tested with immunofluorescence and Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). The proliferation of HMSCs in different passages was detected using growth curve, which shown a typically sigmoidal. And then, the pluripotent of HMSCs was analyzed, the results showed that HMSCs could directly induce to differentiate into neural-like cells, adipocytes, and osteoblasts. Our data illustrated that the chick HMSCs have same characteristics to those obtained from other species. The capacity of these cells for multilineage differentiation shows promise for many potential applications.

scholarly journals Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Extracellular Vesicles in Osteosarcoma Pathogenesis and Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (20) ◽  
pp. 11035
Author(s):  
Virinder Kaur Sarhadi ◽  
Ravindra Daddali ◽  
Riitta Seppänen-Kaijansinkko
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Paracrine Signaling ◽  
Mediated Communication ◽  
Multipotent Stem Cells ◽  
Genetic Complexity ◽  
Potential Applications

Osteosarcoma (OS) is an aggressive bone tumor that mainly affects children and adolescents. OS has a strong tendency to relapse and metastasize, resulting in poor prognosis and survival. The high heterogeneity and genetic complexity of OS make it challenging to identify new therapeutic targets. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that can differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts, or chondroblasts. OS is thought to originate at some stage in the differentiation process of MSC to pre-osteoblast or from osteoblast precursors. MSCs contribute to OS progression by interacting with tumor cells via paracrine signaling and affect tumor cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, immune response, and metastasis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), secreted by OS cells and MSCs in the tumor microenvironment, are crucial mediators of intercellular communication, driving OS progression by transferring miRNAs/RNA and proteins to other cells. MSC-derived EVs have both pro-tumor and anti-tumor effects on OS progression. MSC-EVs can be also engineered to deliver anti-tumor cargo to the tumor site, which offers potential applications in MSC-EV-based OS treatment. In this review, we highlight the role of MSCs in OS, with a focus on EV-mediated communication between OS cells and MSCs and their role in OS pathogenesis and therapy.

scholarly journals Mesenchymal Stem Cells—Potential Applications in Kidney Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Bochon ◽  
Magdalena Kozubska ◽  
Grzegorz Surygała ◽  
Agnieszka Witkowska ◽  
Roman Kuźniewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Mesenchymal stem cells constitute a pool of cells present throughout the lifetime in numerous niches, characteristic of unlimited replication potential and the ability to differentiate into mature cells of mesodermal tissues in vitro. The therapeutic potential of these cells is, however, primarily associated with their capabilities of inhibiting inflammation and initiating tissue regeneration. Owing to these properties, mesenchymal stem cells (derived from the bone marrow, subcutaneous adipose tissue, and increasingly urine) are the subject of research in the settings of kidney diseases in which inflammation plays the key role. The most advanced studies, with the first clinical trials, apply to ischemic acute kidney injury, renal transplantation, lupus and diabetic nephropathies, in which beneficial clinical effects of cells themselves, as well as their culture medium, were observed. The study findings imply that mesenchymal stem cells act predominantly through secreted factors, including, above all, microRNAs contained within extracellular vesicles. Research over the coming years will focus on this secretome as a possible therapeutic agent void of the potential carcinogenicity of the cells.

Fabrication of Cu Nanowires and its Effect on Proliferation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 750 ◽  
pp. 56-59
Author(s):  
Yuan Hui Song ◽  
Yang Ju ◽  
Lan Zhang ◽  
Yasuyuki Morita ◽  
Guan Bin Song
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Culture ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Mtt Assay ◽  
Deposition Time ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Deposition Method ◽  
Cu Nanowires ◽  
Electrochemical Deposition Method ◽  
Potential Applications

Many studies have focused on the fabrication of Cu nanowires, because of their potential applications in diverse fields such as nanoelectronics and gene delivery. In this study, we successfully fabricated Cu nanowires by electrochemical deposition method. Cu nanowires was synthesized by electroplating from a 0.4M CuSO4 bath, and the current was 0.005A. The length of nanowires can be controlled via deposition time and current. After depositing for 60 minutes, the length of the nanowires is approximately 10 µm. Serum coated and non-coated nanowires with the concentration of 102, 103, 104 and 105 were added to 96-well cell culture plate in which mesenchymal stem cells were pre-seeded. After incubating for 3 days, cytotoxicity of nanowires was measured with MTT assay method. Results indicated that cytotoxicity increased as the increase of nanowires concentration. Serum coated nanowires had higher cell viability as compared with the non-coated group.

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