scholarly journals Curcumin in Autoimmune and Rheumatic Diseases

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Yang ◽  
Umair Akbar ◽  
Chandra Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Cohort Size ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Current Standard

Over recent decades, many clinical trials on curcumin supplementation have been conducted on various autoimmune diseases including osteoarthritis, type 2 diabetes, and ulcerative colitis patients. This review attempts to summarize the highlights from these clinical trials. The efficacy of curcumin either alone or in conjunction with existing treatment was evaluated. Sixteen clinical trials have been conducted in osteoarthritis, 14 of which yielded significant improvements in multiple disease parameters. Eight trials have been conducted in type 2 diabetes, all yielding significant improvement in clinical or laboratory outcomes. Three trials were in ulcerative colitis, two of which yielded significant improvement in at least one clinical outcome. Additionally, two clinical trials on rheumatoid arthritis, one clinical trial on lupus nephritis, and two clinical trials on multiple sclerosis resulted in inconclusive results. Longer duration, larger cohort size, and multiple dosage arm trials are warranted to establish the long term benefits of curcumin supplementation. Multiple mechanisms of action of curcumin on these diseases have been researched, including the modulation of the eicosanoid pathway towards a more anti-inflammatory pathway, and the modulation of serum lipid levels towards a favorable profile. Overall, curcumin supplementation emerges as an effective therapeutic agent with minimal-to-no side effects, which can be added in conjunction to current standard of care.

scholarly journals Exploring early combination strategy in Latin American patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a sub-analysis of the VERIFY study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sérgio Vencio ◽  
Juan P. Manosalva ◽  
Chantal Mathieu ◽  
Pieter Proot ◽  
Hernan Yupanqui Lozno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Primary Endpoint ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Combination Strategy ◽  
Treatment Approaches ◽  
Clinical Benefits

Abstract Background Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) from Latin American countries face challenges in access to healthcare, leading to under-diagnosis, under-achievement of glycemic target, and long-term complications. Early diagnosis and treatment initiation are of paramount importance in this population due to the high prevalence of risk factors such as obesity and metabolic syndrome. The VERIFY study in patients with newly diagnosed T2DM (across 34 countries), assessed the normoglycemic durability (5 years), with early combination (EC) therapy approach versus the traditional stepwise approach of initiating treatment with metformin monotherapy (MET). Here we present the results from the VERIFY study for participants from eight countries in Latin America. Methods Newly diagnosed adult patients with T2DM, HbA1c 6.5–7.5% and body-mass index (BMI) of 22–40 kg/m2 were enrolled. The primary endpoint was time to initial treatment failure (TF; HbA1c ≥ 7.0% at two consecutive scheduled visits 13 weeks apart). Time to second TF was evaluated when patients in both groups were receiving and failing on the vildagliptin combination. Safety and tolerability were also assessed for both treatment approaches during the study. Results A total of 537 eligible patients (female, 58.8%) were randomly assigned to receive either EC (n = 266) or MET (n = 271). EC significantly reduced the relative risk of time to initial TF by 47% versus MET [HR (95% CI) 0.53 (0.4, 0.7) p < 0.0001]. Overall, 46.4% versus 66.3% of patients achieved the primary endpoint in the EC and MET groups, with a median [interquartile range (IQR)] time to TF of 59.8 (27.5, not evaluable) and 33.4 (12.2, 60.1) months, respectively. The risk for time to second TF was 31% lower with EC (p < 0.0092). A higher proportion of patients receiving EC maintained durable HbA1c < 7.0%, < 6.5%, and < 6.0%. Both treatment approaches were well tolerated, and only 3.2% of participants discontinued the study due to adverse events. All hypoglycemic events (EC: n = 7 and MET: n = 3) were single, mild episodes and did not lead to study discontinuation. Conclusion Similar to the global population, long-term clinical benefits were achieved more frequently and without tolerability issues with EC versus standard-of-care MET in this Latin American sub-population. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01528254.

Coffee consumption and type 2 diabetes — An extensive review

Open Medicine ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siamak Bidel ◽  
Gang Hu ◽  
Jaakko Tuomilehto
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Extensive Review

AbstractCoffee is a complex mixture of potentially active chemicals. It contains significant amounts of phenolic polymers, chlorogenic acid and also caffeine. Agricultural factors, roasting, blending, and brewing determine coffee’s chemical composition. Recent epidemiological studies suggest that habitual coffee consumption may help to prevent some chronic diseases including type 2 diabetes. Despite reports from the clinical trials of the effect of caffeine on decreasing insulin sensitivity, long-term prospective studies revealed that coffee may improve fasting glucose, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity as well. In the most recent publication habitual coffee drinkers have a lower total and cardiovascular mortality rate among diabetic subjects.

scholarly journals The Role of Simulation Modeling in Planning Long-Term Clinical Trials in Type 2 Diabetes

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. A587-A588
Author(s):  
V. Foos ◽  
D. Grant ◽  
J.L. Palmer ◽  
M. Lamotte ◽  
P. McEwan
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Simulation Modeling

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Adherence Therapy in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4397
Author(s):  
Fatimah Alenazi ◽  
Daniel Bressington ◽  
Monika Shrestha ◽  
Monica Peddle ◽  
Richard Gray
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Long Term Conditions ◽  
Adjunct Treatment ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Adherence Therapy

Adherence therapy has been shown to be an effective adjunct treatment in long-term conditions including hypertension. The purpose of this study is to review and critically appraise evidence on the effectiveness of adherence therapy as an intervention in adults with type 2 diabetes. A systematic search of clinical trials published between 2005 and January 2020 in databases was undertaken in October 2018 and updated in August 2020. Inclusion criteria were any clinical trials where the population under investigation was adults with type 2 diabetes and the experimental intervention was adherence therapy. Version 2 of the Cochrane risk of bias was used to determine the quality of the included studies. No studies met our inclusion criteria. However, four studies that we excluded at full text screening tested some of the components (e.g., problem solving) of adherence therapy. As is recommended when reporting empty reviews, those studies were synthesized to determine if useful information can be extracted. That no trials of adherence therapy have been reported in type 2 diabetes establishes a potentially important gap in knowledge. This review was registered in PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42019115216) after the initial searches were completed.

scholarly journals ANGPTL8 protein-truncating variant and the risk of coronary disease, type 2 diabetes and adverse effects

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pyry Helkkula ◽  
Tuomo Kiiskinen ◽  
Aki S. Havulinna ◽  
Juha Karjalainen ◽  
Seppo Koskinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Finnish Population ◽  
Artery Disease

AbstractProtein-truncating variants (PTVs) affecting dyslipidemia risk may point to therapeutic targets for cardiometabolic disease. Our objective was to identify PTVs that associated with both lipid levels and cardiometabolic disease risk and assess their possible associations with risks of other diseases. To achieve this aim, we leveraged the enrichment of PTVs in the Finnish population and tested the association of low-frequency PTVs in 1,209 genes with serum lipid levels in the Finrisk Study (n = 23,435). We then tested which of the lipid-associated PTVs also associated with risks of cardiometabolic diseases or 2,264 disease endpoints curated in the FinnGen Study (n = 176,899). Three PTVs were associated with both lipid levels and the risk of cardiometabolic disease: triglyceride-lowering variants in ANGPTL8 (−24.0[-30.4 to −16.9] mg/dL per rs760351239-T allele, P = 3.4× 10−9) and ANGPTL4 (−14.4[-18.6 to −9.8] mg/dL per rs746226153-G allele, P = 4.3 × 10−9) and the HDL cholesterol-elevating variant in LIPG (10.2[7.5 to 13.0] mg/dL per rs200435657-A allele, P = 5.0 × 10−13). The risk of type 2 diabetes was lower in carriers of ANGPTL8 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.67[0.47-0.92], P = 0.01), ANGPTL4 (OR = 0.70[0.60-0.82], P = 1.4× 10−5) and LIPG (OR = 0.67[0.48-0.91], P = 0.01) PTVs than in noncarriers. Moreover, the odds of coronary artery disease were 44% lower in carriers of a PTV in ANGPTL8 (OR = 0.56[0.38-0.83], P = 0.004). Finally, the phenome-wide scan of the ANGPTL8 PTV showed a markedly higher associated risk of esophagitis (585 cases, OR = 174.3[17.7-1715.1], P = 9.7 × 10−6) and sensorineural hearing loss (12,250 cases, OR = 2.45[1.63-3.68], P = 1.8 × 10−5). The ANGPTL8 PTV carriers were less likely to use statin therapy (53,518 cases, OR = 0.53[0.41-0.71], P = 1.2 × 10−5). Our findings provide genetic evidence of potential long-term efficacy and safety of therapeutic targeting of dyslipidemias.

scholarly journals Exploring Early Combination Strategy in Latin American Patients With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes: A Sub-analysis of the VERIFY Study 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Vencio ◽  
Juan P Manosalva ◽  
Chantal Mathieu ◽  
Pieter Proot ◽  
Hernan Yupanqui Lozno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Primary Endpoint ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Combination Strategy ◽  
Treatment Approaches ◽  
Clinical Benefits

Abstract Background: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) from Latin American countries face challenges in access to healthcare, leading to under-diagnosis, under-achievement of glycemic target, and long-term complications. Early diagnosis and treatment initiation are of paramount importance in this population due to the high prevalence of risk factors such as obesity and metabolic syndrome. The VERIFY study in patients with newly diagnosed T2DM (across 34 countries), assessed the normoglycemic durability (5 years), with early combination (EC) therapy approach versus the traditional stepwise approach of initiating treatment with metformin monotherapy (MET). Here we present the results from the VERIFY study for participants from eight countries in Latin America. Methods: Newly diagnosed adult patients with T2DM, HbA1c 6.5%–7.5% and body-mass index (BMI) of 22–40 kg/m² were enrolled. The primary endpoint was time to initial treatment failure (TF; HbA1c ≥7.0% at two consecutive scheduled visits 13 weeks apart). Time to second TF was evaluated when patients in both groups were receiving and failing on the vildagliptin combination. Safety and tolerability were also assessed for both treatment approaches during the study.Results: A total of 537 eligible patients (female, 58.8%) were randomly assigned to receive either EC (n=266) or MET (n=271). EC significantly reduced the relative risk of time to initial TF by 47% versus MET (HR [95% CI] 0.53 [0.4, 0.7]; p<0.0001). Overall, 46.4% versus 66.3% of patients achieved the primary endpoint in the EC and MET groups, with a median (interquartile range [IQR]) time to TF of 59.8 (27.5, not evaluable) and 33.4 (12.2, 60.1) months, respectively. The risk for time to second TF was 31% lower with EC (p<0.0092). A higher proportion of patients receiving EC maintained durable HbA1c <7.0%, <6.5%, and <6.0%. Both treatment approaches were well tolerated, and only 3.2% of participants discontinued the study due to adverse events. All hypoglycemic events (EC: n=7 and MET: n=3) were single, mild episodes and did not lead to study discontinuation. Conclusion: Similar to the global population, long-term clinical benefits were achieved more frequently and without tolerability issues with EC versus standard-of-care MET in this Latin American sub-population.This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01528254.

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