scholarly journals Different and Unequal: A Qualitative Evaluation of Salient Factors Influencing Energy Intake in Adults with Overweight and Obesity

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Carlota Dao ◽  
Ellen Messer ◽  
Teresa Conigliaro ◽  
Kylie Sakaida ◽  
Alexis F. Ouellette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
The United States ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Social Expectations ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Social Pressures ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

Environmental factors such as food availability and variety can function as cues for overeating in individuals susceptible to overweight or obesity, but relatively little is known about other types of environmental factors that may also be important. This qualitative study compared and contrasted categories of internal and external cues through focus groups and key informant interviews with 24 adults (26 to 77 years old) in the United States who had a body mass index within the healthy range (21.6 ± 2.5 kg/m2) or had overweight or obesity (29.1 ± 3.6 kg/m2). Five domains of external factors influencing food intake were identified: (a) Environmental cues including food availability and variety; (b) normative expectations for dietary intake; (c) food palatability; (d) overt social pressures to overeat; and (e) perceived social expectations around eating. All external domains were noted by participants with overweight or obesity to be challenging, and solutions to avoid overeating were lacking; however, overt social pressures and perceived social expectations appeared to be especially problematic. By explicitly defining different domains of external factors that challenge healthy weight regulation, this study identifies specific targets to address in interventions for healthy weight management.

The Chronic Care Model to Improve Management of Childhood Obesity

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 727-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heide Cygan ◽  
Monique Reed ◽  
Karen Lui ◽  
Mary Mullen
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Care Model ◽  
Chronic Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Care Model ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
Family Medical History ◽  
Provider Adherence ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

One-third of children in the United States are overweight or obese. Comorbidities continue into adulthood if a healthy weight is not established. While expert guidelines for management of this condition are recognized, provider adherence to guidelines is lacking. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to evaluate the effectiveness of the chronic care model (CCM) on improving primary care provider identification, prevention, and management of childhood overweight and obesity. A pre- and postintervention chart audit was completed to evaluate documentation of 20 assessment measures included in expert guidelines. A chi-square analysis was conducted to assess differences. Statistically significant improvements were found in documentation of parental obesity, family medical history, sleep assessment, endocrine assessment, and weight classification as a diagnosis. Use of the CCM had a positive impact on provider adherence to expert guidelines. Furthermore, not all aspects of the CCM must be used to see statistically significant improvements.

scholarly journals The association between carotenoids and subjects with overweight or obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Yao ◽  
Shoumeng Yan ◽  
Yinpei Guo ◽  
Han Wang ◽  
Xiaotong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

Excess body weight, including overweight and obesity, is one of the major factors influencing human health, and plays an important role in the global burden of disease.

scholarly journals Food Parenting Practices Among Parents with Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloe Patel ◽  
Eleni Karasouli ◽  
Emma Shuttlewood ◽  
Caroline Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Parenting Strategies ◽  
Eating Psychopathology ◽  
Child Involvement

Abstract: Given the links between parental obesity and eating psychopathology in their children, it is important to understand the mechanisms via which unhealthy relationships with eating are passed from parents to children. The aim was to review research focusing on food-related parenting practices (FPPs) used by parents with overweight/obesity. Web of Science, PubMed and PsycINFO were searched. Twenty studies were included in the review. Single studies suggest differences between parents with healthy-weight vs overweight/obesity with respect to; food accessibility, food availability and modelling. Multiple studies suggest that several parenting strategies do not differ according to parental weight status (child involvement, praise, use of food to control negative emotions, use of food-based threats and bribes, pressure, restriction, meal and snack routines, monitoring, and rules and limits). There was inconclusive evidence with respect to differences in parental control, encouragement and use of unstructured FPPs among parents with healthy-weight vs overweight/obesity. The findings of this review imply some differences between parents with overweight/obesity and healthy-weight and the use of some food-related parenting practices, however they should be interpreted with caution since research remains limited and is generally methodologically weak. The review highlights opportunities for further research and to improve current measures of FPPs and help clarify current study findings.

scholarly journals Social Determinants of Overweight and Obesity Among Children in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zenab I. Yusuf ◽  
Deepa Dongarwar ◽  
Rafeek A Yusuf ◽  
Meishon Bell ◽  
Toi Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
College Education ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Childhood Overweight ◽  
The United States ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

Background: Childhood obesity is one of the foremost threats to population health in the United States (U.S.) leading to the emergence of co-morbidities and increased healthcare cost. We explore the influence of selected social determinants of health (SDOH) on overweight and obesity among U.S. children. Methods: We utilized the National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH) 2016-17 dataset for this analysis. Overweight was defined as Body Mass Index (BMI) ? 85 th to<95 th , while obesity was defined as BMI ?95 th percentile for age and sex. Based on the literature and pathway plausibility, we examined several SDOH variables as predictors of childhood overweight or obesity in the US. Survey log-binomial regression models were built to generate prevalence ratio (PR) estimates to capture the associations between SDOH and overweight or obesity. Results: About 30.6 million children were surveyed of which 9.5 million (31.0%) were either overweight or obese. The likelihood of obesity was elevated among non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic children (PR = 1.53; 95% CI = 1.01-2.31) and (PR = 1.50; 95% CI = 1.18-1.90) respectively. Overweight was more frequent in younger children, children of single parents, and children who lived in a neighborhood with no amenities. Parental attainment of college education, health insurance coverage, female gender, and language spoken in home other than Spanish were protective against overweight or obesity. Conclusions and Global Health Implications: SDOH represent markers of overweight or obesity in children. We recommend the development of innovative interventions using SDOH risk and protective pathways as guide to address the current epidemic of childhood overweight and obesity. Key words: • Social determinants • Obesity • Overweight • SDOH • Children • United States   Copyright © 2020 Yusuf et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals The role of the environment in overweight and eating behavior variability: Insights from a multivariate twin study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Herle ◽  
Juan J Madrid-Valero ◽  
José J Morosoli ◽  
Lucía Colodro-Conde ◽  
Juan Ordoñana
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Cognitive Restraint ◽  
Twin Registry ◽  
Uncontrolled Eating

AbstractThe health consequences of overweight and obesity remain one of the greatest global health challenges. Twin and molecular studies have confirmed the genetic basis of individual differences in BMI; however, genetics cannot explain the rapid rise of obesity rates over the past decades. Eating behaviors have been stipulated to be the behavioral expression of genetic risk in an obesogenic environment. Multivariate twin studies can inform future applied research by providing insights into the etiology of the relationship between behaviors and BMI. In this study, we aimed to decompose variation and covariation between three key eating behaviors and BMI in a sample from a population-based twin registry of adult women in the southeast of Spain, The Murcia Twin Registry (345 complete, 9 incomplete, same-sex female twin pairs, 175 MZ, 170 DZ). Phenotypes were emotional eating, uncontrolled eating, and cognitive restraint, as measured by the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire, as well as objectively measured BMI. Variation in eating behaviors was mostly driven by non-shared environmental factors (range: 56-65%), whereas shared environmental and genetic factors were secondary. All three eating behaviors were associated with BMI at a phenotypic level (range r=0.19–0.25). Etiological correlations implied that non-shared environmental factors underly the covariations of the phenotypes (Emotional eating – Uncontrolled eating: rE= 0.54, 95%CI: 0.43, 0.64; BMI – Cognitive restraint: rE= 0.15, 95%CI: 0.01, 0.28). Results indicate that in contrast to BMI, individual differences in eating behaviors are mostly explained by non-shared environmental factors, which also account for the phenotypic correlation between eating behaviors and BMI. These results support that eating behaviors are viable intervention targets to help individuals reach and maintain a healthy weight.

Obesity and Nutritional Disorders

2016 ◽  
pp. 185-190
Author(s):  
Ryan T. Hurt
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
The United States ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Prader Willi Syndrome ◽  
Gene Variants ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
Hypothalamic Regulation ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

The prevalence of overweight and obesity has been increasing in the United States and the westernized world. The cause of the recent obesity epidemic involves a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Specific, rare genetic disruptions of the hypothalamic regulation of energy homeostasis pathways can cause obesity (eg, Prader-Willi syndrome). Most cases of obesity result from a group of gene variants exposed to environmental factors. The 2 major environmental factors that contribute to overweight and obesity are excess caloric intake and low physical activity.

Factors Influencing Quantity Surveying Services Performance in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Esther Ilori Ebunoluwa ◽  
Grace Kehinde Ojo
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Technological Changes ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Quantity Surveying ◽  
High Level

Quantity surveying profession is faced with great challengesconcerning recognition and survival in Nigeria. Usually, thiscould be overcome by being proactive in dealing with factors that could influence theirservices performance. Quiet numbers of factors are affecting the performance of quantitysurveying firms in Nigeria; which makes their survival to be a matter of concern to theresearchers. Therefore, this paper evaluated the extent to which the performance of quantitysurveying firms is being influenced by internal and environmental factors with a view toincreasing the recognition and survival of the firm in the competitive business environment.Employee quantity surveyors assessed internal factors while employers of quantity surveyingfirms assessed external factors. One hundred and thirty-one (131) respondents comprisingeighty-five (85) employees and forty-six (46) employers of registered quantity surveying firmswere sampled randomly. Data were collected through administration of questionnaire oninfluencing factors; the collected data were subjected to mean analysis and analysis ofvariance (ANOVA). The findings showed that lack of recognition of the employees by themanagement influenced the performance of employees mostly; the employees agreed on theinfluence of this factor on the overall performance of firm. On external factors, findingsrevealed that technological changes and tough competition have high level of influence onthe performance of quantity surveying firms in the built environment. In addition, theemployers have similar view on the influence of these factors @ p>0.05. The study concludedthat lack of recognizing the employees by the firm, technological changes and toughcompetition influenced the performance of quantity surveying services in Nigeria; thesefactors had affected the recognition of quantity surveying profession in the competitiveenvironment. Therefore, the factors should be given adequate and prompt consideration so asto minimize their adverse effects on the survival of Quantity Surveying Firms in Nigeria. Keyword: Employee Quantity Surveyors, Employers, Quantity Surveying Firms, ServicesPerformance, Influencing Factors.

scholarly journals Food Parenting Practices among Parents with Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloe Patel ◽  
Eleni Karasouli ◽  
Emma Shuttlewood ◽  
Caroline Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Parenting Strategies ◽  
Eating Psychopathology ◽  
Child Involvement

Given the links between parental obesity and eating psychopathology in their children, it is important to understand the mechanisms via which unhealthy relationships with eating are passed from generation to generation. The aim was to review research focusing on food-related parenting practices (FPPs) used by parents with overweight/obesity. Web of Science, PubMed and PsycINFO were searched. Studies that included a measure of FPPs were considered eligible and were required to have examined FPPs by parental weight status. Twenty studies were included. Single studies suggest differences between parents with healthy-weight vs. overweight/obesity with respect to; food accessibility, food availability and modelling. Multiple studies suggest that several parenting strategies do not differ according to parental weight status (child involvement, praise, use of food to control negative emotions, use of food-based threats and bribes, pressure, restriction, meal and snack routines, monitoring, and rules and limits). There was inconclusive evidence with respect to differences in parental control, encouragement and use of unstructured FPPs among parents with healthy-weight vs. overweight/obesity. The findings of this review imply some differences between parents with overweight/obesity and healthy-weight and the use of some food-related parenting practices, however, they should be interpreted with caution since research remains limited and is generally methodologically weak. The review highlights opportunities for further research, and suggests improvements to current measures of FPPs.

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