scholarly journals Nutritional Content According to the Presence of Front of Package Marketing Strategies: The Case of Ultra-Processed Snack Food Products Purchased in Costa Rica

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Gamboa-Gamboa ◽  
Adriana Blanco-Metzler ◽  
Stefanie Vandevijvere ◽  
Manuel Ramirez-Zea ◽  
Maria F. Kroker-Lobos
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Purchase Behavior ◽  
Snack Food ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Health Claim ◽  
Critical Nutrients

The industry uses nutrition and health claims, premium offers, and promotional characters as marketing strategies (MS). The inclusion of these MS on ultra-processed products may influence child and adolescent purchase behavior. This study determined the proportion of foods carrying claims and marketing strategies, also the proportion of products with critical nutrients declaration, and nutritional profile differences between products that carry or not claims and MS on the front-of-package (FoP) of ultra-processed food products sold in Costa Rica. Data were obtained from 2423 photographs of seven food groups consumed as snacks that were sold in one of the most widespread and popular hypermarket chains in Costa Rica in 2015. Ten percent of products lacked a nutrition facts panel. Sodium was the least reported critical nutrient. Energy and critical nutrients were significantly highest in products that did not include any nutrition or health claim and in products that included at least one MS. Forty-four percent and 10% of all products displayed at least one nutrition or at least one health claim, respectively, and 23% displayed at least one MS. In conclusion, regulations are needed to restrict claims and marketing on ultra-processed food packages to generate healthier food environments and contribute to the prevention of childhood and adolescent obesity in Costa Rica.

scholarly journals Hollow marketing and nongredients: A new marketing approach by food industries in advertising

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
Nima S. Salami
Keyword(s):  
Food Products ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Social Outcomes ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Marketing Approach

Many firms that are selling food products, are hoping to get more of customers’ attention, and increase their sales by new marketing strategies. Informing customers about ingredients and health claims look normal but advertising the things that can’t inherently and naturally exist in their food, or “nongredients,” are new practices that have been termed in this paper as “hollow marketing.” This paper explains this new phenomenon, and its possible economic and social outcomes.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Alignment between the Health Claims Nutrient Profiling Scoring Criterion (NPSC) and the Health Star Rating (HSR) Nutrient Profiling Models

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Dunford ◽  
Liping Huang ◽  
Sanne Peters ◽  
Michelle Crino ◽  
Bruce Neal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Edible Oils ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Health Claim ◽  
Star Rating ◽  
Nutrition Labelling ◽  
Nutrient Profiling ◽  
Scoring Algorithms

In Australia, manufacturers can use two government-endorsed approaches to advertise product healthiness: the Health Star Rating (HSR) front-of-pack nutrition labelling system, and health claims. Related, but different, algorithms determine the star rating of a product (the HSR algorithm) and eligibility to display claims (the Nutrient Profiling Scoring Criterion (NPSC) algorithm). The objective of this study was to examine the agreement between the HSR and NPSC algorithms. Food composition information for 41,297 packaged products was extracted from The George Institute’s FoodSwitch database. HSR and the NPSC scores were calculated, and the proportion of products in each HSR category that were eligible to display a health claim under the NPSC was examined. The highest agreement between the HSR scoring algorithm and the NPSC threshold to determine eligibility to display a health claim was at the HSR cut-off of 3.5 stars (k = 0.83). Overall, 97.3% (n = 40,167) of products with star ratings of 3.5 or higher were also eligible to display a health claim, and 94.3% (n = 38,939) of products with star ratings less than 3.5 were ineligible to display a health claim. The food group with greatest divergence was “edible oils”, with 45% products (n = 342) with HSR >3.5, but 64% (n = 495) eligible to display a claim. Categories with large absolute numbers of products with HSR <3.5, but eligible to display a claim, were “yoghurts and yoghurt drinks” (335 products, 25.4%) and “soft drinks” (299 products, 29.7%). Categories with a large number of products with HSR ≥3.5, but ineligible to display a claim, were “milk” (260 products, 21.2%) and “nuts and seeds” (173 products, 19.7%). We conclude that there is good agreement between the HSR and the NPSC systems overall, but divergence in some food groups is likely to result in confusion for consumers, particularly where foods with low HSRs are eligible to display a health claim. The alignment of the NPSC and HSR scoring algorithms should be improved.

The Brazilian population consumes larger serving sizes than those informed on labels

2015 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 719-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Vieira dos Santos Kraemer ◽  
Priscila Pereira Machado ◽  
Nathalie Kliemann ◽  
David Alejandro González Chica ◽  
Rossana Pacheco da Costa Proença
Keyword(s):  
Food Products ◽  
Brazilian Population ◽  
National Database ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Trans Fat ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Serving Sizes ◽  
Serving Size

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to relate average serving size intake by the Brazilian population and declared serving size, the presence of trans fat and household measure fractioning declared on labels of processed, and ultra-processed food products. Design/methodology/approach – Cross-sectional study that analyzed the food labelling of all processed and ultra-processed food products sold in a supermarket in southern Brazil. Findings – A total of 1,071 processed and ultra-processed food products were analyzed. In 88 per cent of food groups, the average serving size consumed was larger than what was declared on labels. Consumed serving size was up to 9.2 times larger than the declared ones in food products with trans fat among their ingredients list and in false negatives and up to 9.9 times larger in foods with fractioned household measure (p<0.001). The Brazilian population consumes, on average, larger serving sizes than those declared on labels, which may represent a significant intake of trans fats without the consumers’ noticing. Originality/value – This study has been performed with the use of a national database on food consumption, as well as the information from a large number of processed and ultra-processed food labels marketed in Brazil. This study is also proven to be important and novel, contributing with information as to the manner in which nutrition labelling has been presented to Brazilian consumers, discussing its possible consequences for food choices, intake, and the guarantee of consumer rights.

scholarly journals Heart Images on Food Labels: A Health Claim or Not?

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 643
Author(s):  
Krista Miklavec ◽  
Maša Hribar ◽  
Anita Kušar ◽  
Igor Pravst
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Food Labels ◽  
Food Label ◽  
Health Claim ◽  
Health Related

Health claims on food labels are used by food manufacturers to inform consumers about the health effects of a product, and such claims can have notable effects on consumer preferences. According to regulatory definitions, health claims can be either worded or presented as images, but it is not clear under which conditions an image on a food label should be considered a health claim. This question has important practical implications, as the use of health claims is strictly regulated. The objective of this study was to determine how commonly images of the heart are used on food labels, and to investigate consumers’ perceptions of products labelled with heart images, using different degrees of health relationships. Both a food supply study (N = 10,573 foods) and experiments with consumers (N = 1000) were performed in Slovenia. The use of heart imagery on food products was very common (9%). The consumer study was conducted using a web panel. Structure of the study population was comparable with Slovenian adult population (18–65 years), according to gender and age. The questionnaire was split into conjoint analysis with constructed elements, a choice-based task with real-life elements and a consumers’ association task. The experiments showed that a heart image as part of the brand name itself—without an additional (worded) health claim—did not cause most consumers to relate it to health. However, consumers tended to strongly relate an image of the heart as part of a brand with health benefits, where the image was accompanied by a worded health claim or if the heart image was designed specifically to imply health benefits. We can conclude that the use of heart images was very common on food products, but references to health were less common. Without a health-related context, heart images could not be considered as a health claim.

Effect of Halal Food Knowledge and Trust on Muslim Consumer Purchase Behavior of Syubhah Semi-Processed Food Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 319-330
Author(s):  
Reezlin Abdul Rahman ◽  
Mohd Salehuddin Mohd Zahari ◽  
Mohd Hafiz Hanafiah ◽  
Mohd Nor Mamat
Keyword(s):  
Food Products ◽  
Purchase Behavior ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Food Knowledge ◽  
Halal Food

scholarly journals Processed and ultra-processed food consumption among children aged 13 to 35 months and associated factors

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mônica Araujo Batalha ◽  
Ana Karina Teixeira da Cunha França ◽  
Sueli Ismael Oliveira da Conceição ◽  
Alcione Miranda dos Santos ◽  
Francelena de Sousa Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Variance Estimation ◽  
Hierarchical Modeling ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
High Consumption

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the consumption of processed and ultra-processed foods among children aged 13-35 months and its associated factors. We studied 1,185 children within the BRISA cohort in São Luís, Maranhão State, Brazil. The food consumption was investigated using a 24-hour recall, and the percentages of daily caloric intake and nutrients were estimated by food groups according to “NOVA” classification. We chose to categorize children belonging to the upper tertile of the distribution as having a high consumption of processed and ultra-processed food products. The Poisson regression model with robust variance estimation using a hierarchical modeling approach was used to calculate the prevalence ratios (PRs) of variables associated with high consumption of processed and ultra-processed food products. The mean energy intake was 1,226Kcal/day. After adjustments, there was a higher proportion of high consumption of processed and ultra-processed food products among children whose mothers had < 12 years of education and among children who were older than 16 months. Mothers with low schooling and children older than 16 months should be the targets of interventions aimed at reducing consumption of these food products and preventing adverse health outcomes in later life.

Functional foods in Turkey: marketing, consumer awareness and regulatory aspects

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 668-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilkay Gok ◽  
Efe Kaan Ulu
Keyword(s):  
Market Share ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Market Size ◽  
Consumer Awareness ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Content Type

PurposeAfter the introduction of functional food term in 1980s, production and marketing of functional food in Japan, USA and European markets has developed rapidly. Compared to these developed countries, the market size of the functional food in Turkey is very limited. The purpose of this study is to explore reasons of limited development and marketing strategies regarding the size of expenditure, governmental legislation and consumer preferences and highlight the type of functional food products available at large retail chains of important suppliers in Turkey.Design/methodology/approachDescription and exploration of market size and expenditure were determined by using Euromonitor International (2017). The factors influencing consumption and attitudes toward functional food purchasing were evaluated by studying literature research. The number and types of functional foods in the most important supermarket chains were determined to show the growth rate in Turkey. Products in the markets were determined based on the direct observation available, and functional foods sold in the markets were noted at the visits and tabulated. The type of functional food product, its category, the main benefit offer to the consumer and the brand and status of the food processing industry (national or not) were identified. Government legislation on special health claims for functional foods was stated.FindingsMarket size of Turkey per capita expenditure was approximately US$5.8m, which was very low, whereas that of Japan and USA was US$86.7m and 100.2m, respectively, in 2017. The variety of functional food products was at a very low level, and functional food market share was limited compared to powerful countries like Turkey. International companies had a higher market share than national companies. Danone with dairy functional foods was the biggest company in Turkey market. Literature studies showed that Turkish people have less knowledge about functional foods and need education. According to reviews, socio-demographic characteristics such as age, education, income levels, gender and prices were important indicators influence consumer awareness and consumption of functional foods. Consumer’s knowledge must be increased with their health benefits by education. Reviews showed that nearly 60 per cent of people did not have any information about functional food and women were more aware and the most active user group. Dairy products were the most preferred functional foods in Turkey. Because of limited awareness, there is a need for elucidating studies that are targeting potential consumers. Turkey did not have labeling system to claim foods functionality on packages and did not permit foods that contribute to health maintenance and/or recovery from disease, but Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock applies some laws and regulations.Originality/valueThis study provides market study and detailed research about marketing strategies and legislation of functional foods in Turkey. People have high demand to consume and there are big potentials of functional food marketing and opportunities for food industries. But to increase consumption and marketing size, it needs education of consumer, advertising and some adjustment of legislation by government.

Television food and beverage marketing to children in Costa Rica: current state and policy implications

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 2509-2520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Zamora-Corrales ◽  
Melissa L Jensen ◽  
Stefanie Vandevijvere ◽  
Manuel Ramírez-Zea ◽  
María F Kroker-Lobos
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Nutrient Profile ◽  
Profile Model ◽  
Current State ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Marketing To Children ◽  
Nutrition And Health Claims

AbstractObjective:To examine the frequency of television (TV) food and beverage advertisements (F&amp;B ads) to which children (4–11 years) are likely exposed and the nutrient profile of products advertised.Design:TV broadcasting between September and November 2016 was recorded (288 h of children’s programming; 288 h of family programming) resulting in 8980 advertisements, of which 1862 were F&amp;B ads. Of those, 1473 could be classified into one of the seventeen food groups, and into permitted/non-permitted according to the WHO-EU nutrient profile model. Persuasive marketing techniques used were also identified.Setting:TV programming was recorded for four weekdays and four weekend days, between 06.00 and 00.00 hours (576 total hours), for four channels (two national and two cable), in Costa Rica.Results:Mean (sd) number of F&amp;B ads/h was greater in cable than national channels (3·7 (0·4) v. 2·8 (0·4), P &lt; 0·05) and during children’s peak viewing hours (4·4 (0·4) v. 2·9 (0·3)). Of F&amp;B ads classified with WHO-EU nutrient profile model (n 1473, 71·1 %), 91·1 % were non-permitted to be marketed to children. Categories most frequently advertised were ready-made/convenience foods (16 %), chocolates/confectionery/desserts (15 %), breakfast cereals (14 %), beverages (15 %), edible ices (9 %) and salty snacks (8 %). Non-permitted F&amp;B ads were more likely to use promotional characters, brand benefit claims, and nutrition and health claims than permitted F&amp;B ads.Conclusions:Children watching popular TV channels in Costa Rica are exposed to a high number of unhealthy F&amp;B ads daily. Our findings help justify the need for regulatory actions by national authorities.

scholarly journals Ultra-processed food product brands on Facebook pages: highly accessed by Brazilians through their marketing techniques

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1515-1519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula M Horta ◽  
Fernanda T Rodrigues ◽  
Luana C dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Food Product ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Facebook Pages

AbstractObjectiveTo analyse the content and extent of marketing of ultra-processed food products (UPP) and their brand pages on Facebook, which are highly accessed by Brazilians.DesignDescriptive.SettingSixteen UPP brand pages on Facebook were selected from 250 pages that were the most liked by Brazilians in October 2015.SubjectsWe analysed the frequency of ‘likes’ and members ‘talking about’ each one of the pages, in addition to fifteen marketing techniques used in the previous year (September 2014 to October 2015). The number of posts, likes, ‘shares’ and ‘commentaries’, and the mean number of likes, shares and commentaries per post, were collected for one month, from 23 September to 23 October 2015.ResultsThe two most liked pages were: Coke® (93 673 979 likes) and McDonald’s® (59 749 819 likes). Regarding the number of people talking about the pages, McDonald’s led with 555 891 commentaries, followed by Coke (287 274), Burger King® (246 148) and Kibon® (244 523). All pages used marketing techniques, which included photos, user conversations, presence of brand elements and links. Videos were observed on 93·8 % of the pages; promotions on 68·8 %; and celebrities on 62·5 %. In one month, Garoto®, Outback® and Coke were brands that published more than one post per day. Kibon achieved the highest ratio of likes per post (285 845·50) and Burger King had the highest mean shares per post (10 083·93), including commentaries per post (7958·13).ConclusionsUPP marketing is extensively used on Facebook pages and is highly accessed by Brazilians, with UPP companies employing a diversity of marketing strategies.

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