scholarly journals Effect of Physicochemical Properties of Carboxymethyl Cellulose on Diffusion of Glucose

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1398
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Miehle ◽  
Stephanie Bader-Mittermaier ◽  
Ute Schweiggert-Weisz ◽  
Hans Hauner ◽  
Peter Eisner
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Dietary Fibers ◽  
Fiber Concentration ◽  
Glucose Release ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Lower Glucose ◽  
Glucose Diffusion ◽  
Vitro Model

Soluble dietary fibers (SDF) are known to reduce the post-prandial plasma glucose levels. However, the detailed mechanisms of this reduced glucose release in the human gut still remain unclear. The aim of our study was to systematically investigate the effect of different types of SDF on glucose release in an in vitro model as a prerequisite for the selection of fibers suitable for application in humans. Three types of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were used to investigate the correlations between fiber concentration, molecular weight (MW), and viscosity on diffusion of glucose using a side-by-side system. CMC solutions below the coil overlap (c*) influenced the glucose diffusivity only marginally, whereas at concentrations above c* the diffusion of glucose was significantly decreased. Solutions of lower MW exhibited a lower viscosity with lower glucose diffusion compared to solutions with higher MW CMC, attributed to the higher density of the solutions. All CMC solutions showed a systematic positive deviation from Stokes-Einstein behavior indicating a greater rise in viscosity than reduction in diffusion. Therefore, our results pave the way for a new approach for assessing glucose diffusion in solutions comprising dietary fibers and may contribute to further elucidating the mechanisms of post-prandial plasma glucose level reduction.

scholarly journals Carbohydrate ingestion does not alter skeletal muscle AMPK signaling during exercise in humans

2006 ◽  
Vol 291 (3) ◽  
pp. E566-E573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Lee-Young ◽  
Matthew J. Palmer ◽  
Kelly C. Linden ◽  
Kieran LePlastrier ◽  
Benedict J. Canny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Plasma Epinephrine ◽  
Muscle Lactate ◽  
Carbohydrate Ingestion ◽  
Ampk Signaling ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Exercise In Humans

There is evidence that increasing carbohydrate (CHO) availability during exercise by raising preexercise muscle glycogen levels attenuates the activation of AMPKα2 during exercise in humans. Similarly, increasing glucose levels decreases AMPKα2 activity in rat skeletal muscle in vitro. We examined the effect of CHO ingestion on skeletal muscle AMPK signaling during exercise in nine active male subjects who completed two 120-min bouts of cycling exercise at 65 ± 1% V̇o2 peak. In a randomized, counterbalanced order, subjects ingested either an 8% CHO solution or a placebo solution during exercise. Compared with the placebo trial, CHO ingestion significantly ( P < 0.05) increased plasma glucose levels and tracer-determined glucose disappearance. Exercise-induced increases in muscle-calculated free AMP (17.7- vs. 11.8-fold), muscle lactate (3.3- vs. 1.8-fold), and plasma epinephrine were reduced by CHO ingestion. However, the exercise-induced increases in skeletal muscle AMPKα2 activity, AMPKα2 Thr172 phosphorylation and acetyl-CoA Ser222 phosphorylation, were essentially identical in the two trials. These findings indicate that AMPK activation in skeletal muscle during exercise in humans is not sensitive to changes in plasma glucose levels in the normal range. Furthermore, the rise in plasma epinephrine levels in response to exercise was greatly suppressed by CHO ingestion without altering AMPK signaling, raising the possibility that epinephrine does not directly control AMPK activity during muscle contraction under these conditions in vivo.

Important role of glucagon during exercise in diabetic dogs

1985 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 1272-1281 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Wasserman ◽  
H. L. Lickley ◽  
M. Vranic
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Hepatic Glucose Production ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Immunoreactive Insulin ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Lower Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Dogs ◽  
Lactate Levels

To define the role of immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) during exercise in diabetes, 12 insulin-deprived alloxan-diabetic (A-D) dogs were run for 90 min (100 m/min, 12 degrees) with or without somatostatin (St 0.5 microgram . kg-1 . min-1). Compared with normal dogs, A-D dogs were characterized by similar hepatic glucose production (Ra), lower glucose metabolic clearance, and higher plasma glucose and free fatty acid levels during rest and exercise. In A-D dogs IRG was greater at rest and exhibited a threefold greater exercise increment than controls, whereas immunoreactive insulin (IRI) was reduced by 68% at rest but had similar values to controls during exercise. Basal norepinephrine, epinephrine, cortisol, and lactate levels were similar in normal and A-D dogs. However, exercise increments in norepinephrine, cortisol, and lactate were higher in A-D dogs. When St was infused during exercise in the A-D dogs, IRG was suppressed by 432 +/- 146 pg/ml below basal and far below the exercise response in A-D controls (delta = 645 +/- 153 pg/ml). IRI was reduced by 1.8 +/- 0.2 microU/ml with St. With IRG suppression the increase in Ra seen in exercising A-D controls (delta = 4.8 +/- 1.6 mg . kg-1 . min-1) was virtually abolished, and glycemia fell by 104 to 133 +/- 37 mg/dl. Owing to this decrease in glycemia, the increase in glucose disappearance was attenuated. Despite the large fall in glucose during IRG suppression, counterregulatory increases were not excessive compared with A-D controls. In fact, as glucose levels approached euglycemia, the increments in norepinephrine and cortisol were reduced to levels similar to those seen in normal exercising dogs. In conclusion, IRG suppression during exercise in A-D dogs almost completely obviated the increase in Ra, resulting in a large decrease in plasma glucose. Despite this large fall in glucose, there was no excess counterregulation, since glucose concentrations never reached the hypoglycemic range.

In vitro Alpha glucosidase and Aldolase reductase Inhibitory activity of Holoptelea integrifolia

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Mansuri Sajid ◽  
Raksha Goswami ◽  
Jain Neetesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Circulation System ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Glucosidase Inhibitors ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Coordinated investigation of characteristic antidiabetic specialists with attendant disposal of poisonous impacts is the objective in diabetes treatment. The clinical result of foundational treatment lies on controlled oral hypoglycemic specialists by assessing the administrative impact on amylase and glucosidase movement and doing generally less unfriendly impact to the patient. Diabetes mellitus is a shocking problem and prompts different other metabolic issue. It is assessed that yearly occurrence rate will keep on expanding later on around the world. Diabetes includes with the advancement of miniature and full scale vascular diabetic difficulties. In people glucose resistance impedes preceding development beginning of hyperglycemia and is generally utilized as a clinical file to anticipate the possibility of creating diabetes. The goal of our examination is to research the hypoglycemic impacts in the fluid concentrates of okra seed and strip. Glucosidase are a gathering of stomach related catalysts which separate the dietary starches into straightforward monosaccharide. Glucosidase inhibitors, for example, acarbose lessen the pace of sugar assimilation and defer the starch ingestion from the stomach related lot. Accordingly, they can possibly forestall the improvement of type II diabetes mellitus by bringing down the after supper glucose levels. In monosaccharide glucose can be promptly assimilated from the gastrointestinal plot into the circulation system after the hydrolysis of glycosidic securities in absorbable sugar nourishments containing starch by the protein alpha amylase. Hindrance of these catalysts diminished the high post prandial blood glucose tops in diabetics. In this investigation, alpha amylase hindrance In-Vitro model was utilized to screen.

In-vitro model for assessing glucose diffusion through skin

2018 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 175-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sana Ullah ◽  
Fadi Hamade ◽  
Urte Bubniene ◽  
Johan Engblom ◽  
Arunas Ramanavicius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Glucose Diffusion ◽  
Vitro Model

Glucose metabolism in thyroidectomized and normal dogs during rest and acute cold exposure

1975 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Paul ◽  
M. Donohue ◽  
W. L. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Glucose Turnover ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Acute Cold Exposure ◽  
Lower Glucose

Uniformly labeled (14C)glucose was infused iv at a constant rate into unanesthetized surgically thyroidectomized (THY) and normal dogs during the basal state at 22 degrees C and during cold exposure at 4–5 degrees C. 02 uptake, CO2 output, and plasma glucose levels were determined; from these rates of glucose turnover and oxidation were calculated. Comparison of THY with normal dogs shows that at a mean plasma glucose level of 103 mg/100 ml, a significantly lower glucose turnover rate was observed in THY dogs on the basis of a kg body weight, body surface area (m-2), but not per cal BMR. The same percentage of glucose turnover was immediately oxidized in THY and normal dogs, accounting for 16 and 15% of the total caloric expenditure, respectively. Acute cold exposure increased energy expenditure in both THY and normal dogs without a change in glucose level or turnover rate. However, the percentage of glucose turnover which was immediately oxidized as well as the amount of glucose oxidized increased significantly and proportionally to the increase in energy expenditure so that the percent of calories derived from plasma glucose oxidation remained the same as that observed during the control period.

scholarly journals The Phytocomplex from Fucus vesiculosus and Ascophyllum nodosum Controls Postprandial Plasma Glucose Levels: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study in a Mouse Model of NASH

Marine Drugs ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Gabbia ◽  
Stefano Dall’Acqua ◽  
Iole Di Gangi ◽  
Sara Bogialli ◽  
Valentina Caputi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Ascophyllum Nodosum ◽  
Fucus Vesiculosus ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Postprandial Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels

Conglutin ?, a lupin seed protein, binds insulin in vitro and reduces plasma glucose levels of hyperglycemic rats

2004 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 646-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
C MAGNI ◽  
F SESSA ◽  
E ACCARDO ◽  
M VANONI ◽  
P MORAZZONI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Seed Protein ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Lupin Seed

scholarly journals Lipolytic response of adipose tissue and metabolic adaptations to long periods of fasting in red tilapia (Oreochromis sp., Teleostei: Cichlidae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (3 suppl) ◽  
pp. 1743-1754 ◽  
Author(s):  
WALTER DIAS JUNIOR ◽  
AMANDA M. BAVIERA ◽  
NEUSA M. ZANON ◽  
VICTOR D. GALBAN ◽  
MARIA ANTONIETA R. GARÓFALO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Lipolytic Activity ◽  
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Camp Phosphodiesterase ◽  
Red Tilapia ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Plasma Ffa

ABSTRACT Adaptive changes of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism induced by 7, 15, 30, 60, 90, 150 and 200 days of fasting were investigated in red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.). Plasma glucose, lactate and free fatty acids (FFA) levels, liver and muscle glycogen and total lipid contents and rates of FFA release from mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) were measured. Plasma glucose levels showed significant differences only after 90 days of fasting, when glycemia was 34% lower (50±5mg.dL-1) than fed fish values (74±1mg.dL-1), remaining relatively constant until 200 days of fasting. The content of liver glycogen ("15%) in fed tilapia fell 40% in 7 days of food deprivation. In 60, 90 and 150 days of fasting, plasma FFA levels increased 49%, 64% and 90%, respectively, compared to fed fish values. In agreement with the increase in plasma FFA, fasting induced a clear increase in lipolytic activity of MAT incubated in vitro. Addition of isobutylmethylxanthine (cAMP-phosphodiesterase inhibitor) and isoproterenol (non selective beta adrenergic agonist) to the incubation medium induced a reduction of lipolysis in fasted fish, differently to what was observed in mammal adipose tissue. This study allowed a physiological assessment of red tilapia response to starvation.

scholarly journals PKC-β Exacerbates in vitro Brain Barrier Damage in Hyperglycemic Settings via Regulation of RhoA/Rho-kinase/MLC2 Pathway

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 1928-1936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirtiman Srivastava ◽  
Beili Shao ◽  
Ulvi Bayraktutan
Keyword(s):  
Rho Kinase ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Kinase C ◽  
Junction Protein ◽  
Pkc Β ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
And Function

Stroke patients with hyperglycemia (HG) develop higher volumes of brain edema emerging from disruption of blood–brain barrier (BBB). This study explored whether inductions of protein kinase C- β (PKC- β) and RhoA/Rho-kinase/myosin-regulatory light chain-2 (MLC2) pathway may account for HG-induced barrier damage using an in vitro model of human BBB comprising human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) and astrocytes. Hyperglycemia (25 mmol/L D-glucose) markedly increased RhoA/Rho-kinase protein expressions (in-cell westerns), MLC2 phosphorylation (immunoblotting), and PKC- β (PepTag assay) and RhoA (Rhotekin-binding assay) activities in HBMEC while concurrently reducing the expression of tight junction protein occludin. Hyperglycemia-evoked in vitro barrier dysfunction, confirmed by decreases in transendothelial electrical resistance and concomitant increases in paracellular flux of Evan's blue-labeled albumin, was accompanied by malformations of actin cytoskeleton and tight junctions. Suppression of RhoA and Rho-kinase activities by anti-RhoA immunoglobulin G (IgG) electroporation and Y-27632, respectively prevented morphologic changes and restored plasma membrane localization of occludin. Normalization of glucose levels and silencing PKC- β activity neutralized the effects of HG on occludin and RhoA/Rho-kinase/MLC2 expression, localization, and activity and consequently improved in vitro barrier integrity and function. These results suggest that HG-induced exacerbation of the BBB breakdown after an ischemic stroke is mediated in large part by activation of PKC- β.

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