scholarly journals Acute Inositol-Stabilized Arginine Silicate Improves Cognitive Outcomes in Healthy Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4272
Author(s):  
Joshua L. Gills ◽  
Anthony Campitelli ◽  
Megan Jones ◽  
Sally Paulson ◽  
Jennifer Rae Myers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Cognitive Assessments ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Immediate Memory ◽  
Neuropsychological Status

Inositol-stabilized arginine silicate (ASI) is an ergogenic aid that upregulates nitric oxide. Acute ASI supplementation improves working memory and processing speed in young adults but there is a lack of data examining other cognitive tasks. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine acute ASI effects on young healthy adults by assessing multiple cognitive domains. Nineteen young adults (20.9 ± 3.2 years) completed this randomized, double-blind, crossover study consuming ASI (1.5 g ASI + 12 g dextrose) and placebo (12 g dextrose). The participants completed the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) and two digital cognitive assessments before consuming the supplement and then completed the same battery of tests 60 min post-supplementation. Repeated measures ANOVA demonstrated that ASI consumption significantly improved total RBANS and immediate memory scores compared to the placebo (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences were displayed between trials for other cognitive domains (p > 0.05). Acute ASI ingestion increased overall RBANS scores and immediate memory scores in young adults. More research is needed to examine the acute effects of ASI on other domains of cognition, in older populations, and its long-term effects on cognition.

Instructional influence on learning and decision making with respect to cognitive functioning

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S368-S368
Author(s):  
D. Frydecka ◽  
J. Drapała ◽  
B. Misiak
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Confirmation Bias ◽  
Explicit Learning ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Immediate Memory ◽  
Visuospatial Abilities ◽  
Neuropsychological Status ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionHumans learn how to behave both through rules and instructions (explicit learning) as well as through environmental experiences (implicit learning). It has been shown that instructions can powerfully control people's choices, often leading to a confirmation bias.AimTo explore confirmation bias with respect to cognitive functioning in healthy adult participants.MethodsWe recruited 25 healthy adult control subjects (9 males, 16 females, age 31.40 ± 6.08 years). Participants completed Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological Status (RBANSS) as well as Instructed Version of Probabilistic Selection Task (IPST) (Doll et al., 2009).ResultsBased on the performance on IPST into two groups: a group with higher and lower susceptibility to confirmation bias. We found no difference between these groups with respect to any of the cognitive domains measured with RBANSS (immediate memory, visuospatial abilities, language, attention and delayed memory) (U Mann-Whitney test, P > 0.05).ConclusionIn healthy adults, susceptibility to confirmation bias is independent of cognitive functioning (immediate and delayed memory, visuospatial abilities, language and attention).Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Abstract P206: Increased Short-term Dietary Sodium Intake Does Not Increase Blood Pressure or Measures of Aortic Stiffness in Young Healthy Adults

Hypertension ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Rosenblum ◽  
Stuart Katz
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Aortic Stiffness ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Serum Aldosterone ◽  
The Impact

Background: Sodium (Na) sensitivity is defined as the short-term increase in blood pressure (BP) after increased Na intake. The impact of Na sensitivity on measures of aortic stiffness has not been previously characterized in non-hypertensives. We tested the feasibility of an oral Na loading protocol to characterize the effects of increased dietary Na on blood pressure and measures of aortic stiffness in health young adults. Methods: In an open-label repeated measures pilot study, we enrolled 40 healthy adults age 21-30 years (18 females). Subjects were evaluated before and after 7 days of oral Na loading (12g (205 mmol) of salt tablets/day). BP (mmHg, cuff method) was measured in supine, seated and standing positions. Radial artery tonometry (Sphygmacor) was used to assess measures of aortic stiffness: aortic BP (mmHg), aortic pulse pressure (mmHg), aortic augmentation index (%) and adjusted Tr, time of return of the reflected pressure wave as an index of aortic pulse wave velocity (m/s). Serum aldosterone, urine Na and potassium (K) were measured. Results: Nine subjects dropped out due to GI intolerance of the salt pills. In the remaining 31 subjects, Na loading did not change BP in any position, aortic BP, aortic pulse pressure, or Tr (Table: mean±SD for seated R arm BP and measures of aortic stiffness). There was no measurable aortic augmentation in the cohort. Na loading decreased serum aldosterone (9.1±1.5 to 5.2±0.8 ng/dl, p=0.02), and increased urine Na:K ratio (1.8±0.2 to 3.5±0.5, p=0.002). Conclusion: Oral Na loading was associated with suppression of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system, did not increase BP, or measures of aortic stiffness in healthy young adults.

Pauperism in America: Long-term effects of childhood poverty on Caucasian young adults

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Finch ◽  
Heather Lopez ◽  
Jessie Shafer ◽  
Chrysalis L. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Childhood Poverty

The Effect of Warfarin Sodium on the Duration of Platelet Aggregation

1967 ◽  
Vol 18 (03/04) ◽  
pp. 766-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J Knieriem ◽  
A. B Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Prothrombin Time ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Warfarin Sodium

SummaryThe effect of the administration of warfarin sodium (Coumadin®) on the duration of platelet aggregation in vitro was studied. Coumadin was given for 4 consecutive days to 10 healthy adults who were followed over a period of 9 days. The duration of adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation in platelet-rich plasma, the prothrombin time, and the platelet count of platelet-rich plasma were measured. Four other healthy adults received placebos and participated in a double-blind study with those receiving Coumadin.Although administration of Coumadin caused a prolongation of the prothrombin time to 2 or 21/2 times the normal value, a decrease in the duration of platelet aggregation was not observed. In most individuals who received Coumadin an increase in the duration of platelet aggregation occurred. The effect of Coumadin on platelet aggregation was not consistently related to the prothrombin time or to the platelet count. In the placebo group there was a distinct relation between the duration of platelet aggregation and the platelet count in platelet-rich plasma.The mean increase in the duration of platelet aggregation when compared to the control value before medication with Coumadin was 37.7%. In the placebo group there was a mean increase of 8.4%. The difference between the two groups is significant (p <0.001). Increased duration of platelet aggregation also occurred in two individuals who received Coumadin over a period of 10 and 16 days respectively.

scholarly journals Efficacy of galcanezumab in patients with migraine who did not benefit from commonly prescribed preventive treatments

BMC Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dulanji K. Kuruppu ◽  
Joshua Tobin ◽  
Yan Dong ◽  
Sheena K. Aurora ◽  
Laura Yunes-Medina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Migraine Headache ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Toxin A ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Preventive Medication ◽  
Onabotulinum Toxin A ◽  
Post Hoc

Abstract Background Galcanezumab is a calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) monoclonal antibody (mAb) indicated for the preventive treatment of migraine. While galcanezumab has demonstrated efficacy in patients who did not respond to prior preventive medications in general, its efficacy in patients who did not benefit from individual, commonly prescribed preventive treatments due to inadequate efficacy or safety/tolerability remains unknown. Methods CONQUER was a 3-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3b study that enrolled patients with episodic or chronic migraine who had 2 to 4 migraine preventive medication category failures in the past 10 years. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive placebo (N = 230) or galcanezumab 120 mg/month (240 mg loading dose; N = 232). Post hoc analyses were conducted to determine the efficacy of galcanezumab in patients who had not benefited from six of the most commonly prescribed migraine preventive medications. The mean change from baseline in monthly migraine headache days and ≥ 50 % response rates were assessed over months 1–3. Improvement in Migraine-Specific Questionnaire Role Function-Restrictive (MSQ-RFR) scores were assessed at month 3. The endpoints were estimated via mixed model with repeated measures. Results The most common treatment failures due to inadequate efficacy or safety/tolerability, which at least 20 % of patients reported trying without benefit, included topiramate, amitriptyline, propranolol, valproate or divalproex, onabotulinum toxin A, and metoprolol. Patients who had not previously benefited from these treatments had a greater mean reduction in monthly migraine headache days across months 1–3 in the galcanezumab group compared to placebo (all p < 0.01). More patients treated with galcanezumab experienced a ≥ 50 % reduction from baseline in monthly migraine headache days across months 1–3 compared to placebo (all p < 0.05). Galcanezumab-treated patients had a greater improvement in mean MSQ-RFR scores at month 3 compared to placebo (all p < 0.01). Conclusions In this population, galcanezumab was effective in reducing monthly migraine headache days, improving response rates, and enhancing quality of life in patients who had not previously benefited from topiramate, amitriptyline, propranolol, valproate or divalproex, onabotulinum toxin A, and/or metoprolol due to inadequate efficacy or safety/tolerability. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03559257 (CONQUER).

scholarly journals Long-term effects of a modified, low-protein infant formula on growth and body composition: Follow-up of a randomized, double-blind, equivalence trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie M.P. Kouwenhoven ◽  
Nadja Antl ◽  
Martijn J.J. Finken ◽  
Jos W.R. Twisk ◽  
Eline M. van der Beek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Equivalence Trial ◽  
Low Protein
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