scholarly journals Review of the Nutrition Situation in Jordan: Trends and Way Forward

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Narmeen Jamal Al-Awwad ◽  
Jennifer Ayoub ◽  
Rawhieh Barham ◽  
Wafaa Sarhan ◽  
Murad Al-Holy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Diet Diversity ◽  
Young Child Feeding ◽  
Infant And Young Child

Jordan is witnessing an escalating pace of nutrition transition, which may be associated with an increased burden of malnutrition and related non-communicable diseases. This review analyzes the nutrition situation in Jordan by exploring specific nutrition indicators, namely infant and young child feeding, low birthweight, micronutrient deficiencies, anthropometric indicators, and food consumption patterns. Results showed that although most children were ever breastfed and early initiation of breastfeeding had a two-fold increasing trend, rates of exclusive breastfeeding below 6 months of age and continued breastfeeding until two years of age were low. Complementary feeding indicators, particularly minimum diet diversity and minimum acceptable diet standards, were suboptimal. An overall low burden of stunting, wasting, and underweight among children under 5 years and remarkable progress in optimizing iodine status among school-aged children were reported. Conversely, the burden of low birthweight and overweight/obesity exacerbated, coexisting with anemia, vitamin A deficiency, and vitamin D deficiency. Overall, fruit and vegetable consumption were inadequate. The consumption of soft drinks and salt on the other hand was higher than recommended. This review acknowledges the double burden of malnutrition in Jordan and recommends the prioritization and evaluation of interventions towards improving the population’s nutritional status and achieving nutrition targets.

scholarly journals Nutrition situation of Burkina Faso: a narrative review

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. S36-S45
Author(s):  
Moussa Ouedraogo ◽  
Ousmane Ouedraogo ◽  
Urbain Zongo ◽  
Saidou Kabore ◽  
Estelle Aissa Bambara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Child Malnutrition ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Young Child Feeding ◽  
Infant And Young Child

Introduction: Burkina Faso is a landlocked West African country, where livelihoods are heavily dependent on subsistence agriculture, and the humanitarian crisis has increased the populations’ vulnerability to malnutrition. Aim: This article presents an update of the food and nutrition situation. Methodology: Documents from government surveys and reports, peer-reviewed articles and other reliable sources were retrieved and analyzed. Results: According to the 2019 National Nutrition Survey, 25.4% of children under 5 years old are stunted and 8.1% are wasted. These rates exceed the WHO critical thresholds suggesting that child malnutrition is still a public health problem in Burkina although trend analysis suggests continuous improvement over the past ten years. Childhood overweight fluctuates between 1% and 2% while childhood obesity remains below 1% since 2014. Poor infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices are key drivers of child stunting. In fact, 59% of infants are exclusively breastfed while only 17% of 6 – 23-month children receive a minimally acceptable diet. Children and pregnant and lactating women are deeply affected by micronutrient deficiencies including vitamin A and iron. Adult overweight is on the rise and high blood pressure and diabetes levels have reached 18% and 5% respectively in adults aged 25 to 64 years with huge disparities between men and women. Conclusion: While the country had made important progress in reducing child malnutrition, it is still facing a double burden of malnutrition namely undernutrition comprised of stunting, wasting and micronutrient deficiencies and overweight/obesity, hence the need to embrace a double duty approach to policy response to simultaneously reduce both undernutrition and overweight/obesity. Keywords: Nutritional status, micronutrient, food security, non-communicable disease, Burkina Faso.

scholarly journals Concurrent of stunting and overweight/obesity among children: evidence from Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alinoor Mohamed Farah ◽  
Tahir Yousuf Nour ◽  
Bilal Shikur Endris ◽  
Seifu Hagos Gebreyesus
Keyword(s):  
Young Child ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Birth Size ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Young Child Feeding ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Feeding Programs ◽  
Infant And Young Child

AbstractBackgroundNutrition transition in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) has led to childhood nutritional outcomes to shift from a predominance of undernutrition to a dual burden of under- and overnutrition. Yet, Infant and young child feeding programs in Ethiopia mainly focus on undernutrition. It is therefore crucial to assess the prevalence and determinants to better inform infant young child feeding programs.MethodsWe analyzed anthropometric, sociodemographic and dietary data of children aged 6-23 months from 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). A total of 2,674 children were included in the current study. Concurrent of Stunting and Overweight/Obesity (CSO) prevalence was estimated by distal, intermediate and proximal factors. To identify factors associated with CSO, we conducted hierarchical logistic regression analyses.ResultsThe overall prevalence of CSO was 2.45%. The odds of CSO was significantly higher in children of low household wealth category, compared to their counter parts in the richest category (AOR=2.07, 95%CI=1.06–4.03, P=0.033). In boys, the likelihood of CSO was 1.60 times that of girls (95%CI =1.03–2.49, P=0.038). Above 12months of age was significantly associated with a higher odd of CSO, compared to below 12months of age (AOR=1.76, 95% CI=1.07– 2.88, P=0.026).Small birth size was significantly associated with a higher odd of CSO, compared to large birth size (AOR=2.53, 95%CI=1.45–4.41, P=0.001). Children who did not take vitamin A supplement within the previous six months had a higher odd of CSO, compared to those who took (AOR=1.91, 95%CI =1.19–3.07, P =0.007).ConclusionOur study provided evidence on the co-existence of stunting and overweight/obesity among infants and young children in Ethiopia. CSO was associated with various factors originating from community and child levels. Therefore, identifying children at risk of growth flattering and excess weight gain provides IYCF programs in Ethiopia and beyond with an opportunity of earlier interventions.

scholarly journals Child nutrition in countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States: time to redirect strategies?

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1209-1219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Cattaneo ◽  
Arnold Timmer ◽  
Tamara Bomestar ◽  
Jenny Bua ◽  
Sanjiv Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Child ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Commonwealth Of Independent States ◽  
Young Child Feeding ◽  
Infant And Young Child ◽  
Independent States

AbstractBackgroundCountries in the Commonwealth of Independent States made little progress in child nutrition and mortality between 1990 and 2005. The present paper assesses the nutritional status of children <5 years of age and discusses possible strategies for improvement.MethodsData on low birth weight, infant and young child feeding, underweight, overweight and micronutrient deficiencies were compiled from available reports and databases, complemented through questionnaires to UNICEF Country Offices, and analysed by country, age, gender, urban/rural residence, maternal education and wealth quintiles.ResultsExclusive breast-feeding in the first 6 months and continuing breast-feeding up to 2 years fall short of WHO and UNICEF recommendations. Complementary foods are introduced too early and may be poor in protein and micronutrients. Stunting and underweight are prevalent, especially in children aged 12 to 35 months; overweight is even more prevalent. Vitamin A and I deficiencies are still present in some countries, despite current control efforts. Anaemia ranges between 20 % and 40 %. Higher rates of malnutrition are found in rural areas, children of less educated mothers and lower-income families.DiscussionCurrent public health strategies should be redirected to address: (i) overall protection, promotion and support of infant and young child feeding, in addition to breast-feeding; (ii) overweight, in addition to underweight and stunting; and (iii) malnutrition as a whole, in addition to micronutrient deficiencies. An equity lens should be used in developing policies and plans and implementing and monitoring programmes. Capacity building, cross-sectoral action, improved data collection within adequate legal frameworks and community engagement should be the pillars of redirected strategies.

scholarly journals Nutrition in contemporary Zimbabwe: a situational analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. S25-S35
Author(s):  
Tonderayi Mathew Matsungo ◽  
Prosper Chopera
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Situational Analysis ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Political Commitment ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Young Child Feeding ◽  
Poor Households

Background: Malnutrition in all its forms continues to be a global public health challenge affecting mostly women and children in Africa. The socioeconomic consequences of poor nutrition are far-reaching and cross-generational. Objective: To provide an update on the nutrition situation in Zimbabwe in the context of the United Nations 2030 sustainable development agenda. Key findings: In Zimbabwe, the leading nutrition problems include high levels of childhood stunting, micronutrient deficiencies (Vitamin A, Iron, Zinc, and Selenium) affecting mostly children younger than 5 years and women aged 15-49 years. This paper presents evidence on the emergence of obesity and associated complications like diabetes, hypertension, and several cancers in addition to the traditional problem of undernutrition burden “multiple burden of malnutrition”. These nutrition challenges can be attributed to poor breastfeeding and infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices, the low dietary diversity affecting mostly rural households and nutrition transition. Cultural and religious beliefs are barriers to the adoption of appropriate breastfeeding and IYCF practices. Conclusion: The multiple burden of malnutrition exists in Zimbabwe. Although there is political, commitment and multisectoral initiatives to address malnutrition and food insecurity, the declining socio-economic situation and the COVID-19 associated restrictions are worsening the situation and poor households are getting more vulnerable. Considering that Zimbabwe’s economy is agriculture-based there is a need to put emphasis on promoting nutrition-sensitive agriculture initiatives and urgently implement the Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDGs) to propel the adoption of healthy lifestyles and dietary behaviors. Keywords: Stunting, Breastfeeding, IYCF, Micronutrient deficiency, SDGs, COVID-19, Zimbabwe.

scholarly journals Infant and young child feeding practices and child undernutrition in Bangladesh: insights from nationally representative data

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1697-1704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Zongrone ◽  
Kate Winskell ◽  
Purnima Menon
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Young Child ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Diet Diversity ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽  
Young Child Feeding ◽  
Infant And Young Child ◽  
Nationally Representative

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the association between indicators of infant and young child feeding (IYCF) and anthropometric measures of nutritional status among children aged 0–23 months in a nationally representative data set.DesignData from the 2007 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey were used. Analyses were conducted using multiple linear regression and logistic regression analyses adjusted for the complex survey design of the survey, controlling for child, maternal and household characteristics, and including regional dummy variables.SettingBangladesh.SubjectsPairs (n 2096) of last born infants and their mothers.ResultsExclusive breast-feeding under 6 months of age was associated with higher weight-for-height Z-score (effect size (ES) = 0·29; P < 0·05). Appropriate complementary feeding in children aged 6–8 months was associated with higher height-for-age Z-score (HAZ; ES = 0·63; P < 0·01) and higher weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ; ES = 0·30; P < 0·05). Higher dietary diversity index (DDI) was associated with higher HAZ (ES = 0·08; P < 0·01 for every 1 point higher DDI) and higher WAZ (ES = 0·04; P < 0·05). Children who achieved minimum diet diversity had higher HAZ (ES = 0·20; P < 0·05). Logistic regression models confirmed that exclusive breast-feeding was protective against wasting and DDI was protective against stunting and underweight.ConclusionsOur results highlight the importance of IYCF practices as determinants of child growth outcomes in this context, and reinforce the need for interventions that address the spectrum of IYCF practices, from exclusive breast-feeding to age-appropriate complementary feeding, especially diet diversity, in efforts to improve nutrition of infants and young children.

scholarly journals Nutrition in contemporary Zimbabwe: a situational analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 04 (09) ◽  
pp. S25-S35
Author(s):  
Tonderayi Mathew Matsungo ◽  
Prosper Chopera
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Situational Analysis ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Political Commitment ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Young Child Feeding ◽  
Poor Households

Background: Malnutrition in all its forms continues to be a global public health challenge affecting mostly women and children in Africa. The socioeconomic consequences of poor nutrition are far-reaching and cross-generational. Objective: To provide an update on the nutrition situation in Zimbabwe in the context of the United Nations 2030 sustainable development agenda. Key findings: In Zimbabwe, the leading nutrition problems include high levels of childhood stunting, micronutrient deficiencies (Vitamin A, Iron, Zinc, and Selenium) affecting mostly children younger than 5 years and women aged 15-49 years. This paper presents evidence on the emergence of obesity and associated complications like diabetes, hypertension, and several cancers in addition to the traditional problem of undernutrition burden “multiple burden of malnutrition”. These nutrition challenges can be attributed to poor breastfeeding and infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices, the low dietary diversity affecting mostly rural households and nutrition transition. Cultural and religious beliefs are barriers to the adoption of appropriate breastfeeding and IYCF practices. Conclusion: The multiple burden of malnutrition exists in Zimbabwe. Although there is political, commitment and multisectoral initiatives to address malnutrition and food insecurity, the declining socio-economic situation and the COVID-19 associated restrictions are worsening the situation and poor households are getting more vulnerable. Considering that Zimbabwe’s economy is agriculture-based there is a need to put emphasis on promoting nutrition-sensitive agriculture initiatives and urgently implement the Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDGs) to propel the adoption of healthy lifestyles and dietary behaviors. Keywords: Stunting, Breastfeeding, IYCF, Micronutrient deficiency, SDGs, COVID-19, Zimbabwe.

Double burden of malnutrition and its association with infant and young child feeding practices among children under-five in Thailand

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Leshawn Benedict ◽  
Seo Ah Hong ◽  
Pattanee Winichagoon ◽  
Phudit Tejativaddhana ◽  
Vijj Kasemsup
Keyword(s):  
Young Child ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Young Child Feeding ◽  
Infant And Young Child ◽  
Double Burden Of Malnutrition

Abstract Objective: This study examined the prevalence of stunting-overweight and socio-demographic determinants among children under-five years of age, as well as associations with infant and young child feeding (IYCF) among children aged 6–23 months. Design: Secondary data analysis based on the Thailand Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2015–2016. Setting: Cross-national study. Participants: Nationally representative sample of children under-five years of age (n 12 313). Results: The prevalence of wasting, stunting, overweight and stunting-overweight was 5·3, 10·5, 10·1 and 1·6 %, respectively. In multivariate analyses, children under 6 months, children from low and middle wealth tertiles, and children living in rural areas were prone to being wasted. Male children, low wealth tertile and a non-Thai speaking household head were positively and children aged 48–59 months and a one-child household were inversely associated with stunting. Children from a low wealth tertile were less likely to be overweight, while older age, male children and children from a one-child household were more likely to be overweight. Stunting-overweight was associated with children aged 24–47 months, male children, mothers having secondary education, a one-child household, a non-Thai speaking household head and an urban area. In terms of IYCF indicators, despite no association with stunting and stunted-overweight children, current breast-feeding and inadequate meal frequency were associated with being wasting, while current breast-feeding and dietary diversity were inversely associated with being overweight. Conclusions: This study revealed the double burden of malnutrition at the individual and population levels among Thai children under-five, which calls for concrete integrated interventions to tackle all forms of malnutrition.

scholarly journals Qualitative, longitudinal exploration of coping strategies and factors facilitating infant and young child feeding practices among mothers in rural Rwanda

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanine Ahishakiye ◽  
Lenneke Vaandrager ◽  
Inge D. Brouwer ◽  
Maria Koelen
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Young Child ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Young Child Feeding ◽  
Infant And Young Child

Abstract Background Mothers in low-income countries face many challenges to appropriately feed their children in the first year such as poverty, food insecurity and high workloads. However, even in the lowest income families there are mothers who succeed to feed their children according to the recommendations. In this paper, we explored the coping strategies that facilitate appropriate breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices among rural Rwandan mothers from birth to one year of a child’s life. Methods This qualitative longitudinal study recruited a purposive sample of 17 mothers who followed the infant and young child feeding recommendations (IYCF). They were selected from a larger study of 36 mothers. In-depth interviews were conducted with mothers of the total group (36 mothers) within the first week, at 4th, 6th, 9th and 12th months postpartum. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed thematically. Results Coping strategies included improving mothers’ own diet for adequate breastmilk production, prioritizing child feeding over livelihood chores, livelihood diversification and mothers’ anticipatory behaviors such as preparing child’s food in advance. Some of those coping strategies were shifting overtime depending on the development of the children. Personal factors such as breastfeeding self-efficacy, religious beliefs and perceived benefits of breastfeeding were among the facilitating factors. Additionally, social support that mothers received from family members, other mothers in the community, Community Health Workers (CHWs) and health professionals played an important role. Conclusion In challenging contextual conditions, mothers manage to follow the recommended breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices through the interplay of active coping strategies, feeling to be in control and social support. Nutrition promotion interventions that aim to improve IYCF should consider strengthening mothers’ capability in gaining greater control of their IYCF practices and the factors facilitating their appropriate IYCF practices.

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