scholarly journals Dietary Sodium and Potassium Intake: Data from the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2016

Nutrients ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 281
Author(s):  
Jorge Vargas-Meza ◽  
Manuel A. Cervantes-Armenta ◽  
Ismael Campos-Nonato ◽  
Claudia Nieto ◽  
Joaquín Alejandro Marrón-Ponce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Population studies have demonstrated an association between sodium and potassium intake and blood pressure levels and lipids. The aim of this study was to describe the dietary intake and contribution of sodium and potassium to the Mexican diet, and to describe its association with nutrition status and clinical characteristics. We analyzed a national survey with 4219 participants. Dietary information was obtained with a 24-h recall. Foods and beverages were classified according to level of processing. The mean intake (mg/d) of Na was 1512 in preschool children, 2844 in school-age children, 3743 in adolescents, and 3132 in adults. The mean intake (mg/d) of K was 1616 in preschool children, 2256 in school-age children, 2967 in adolescents, and 3401 in adults. Processed and ultra-processed foods (UPF) contribute 49% of Na intake in preschool children, 50% in school-age children, 47% in adolescents, and 39% in adults. Adults with high Na intake had lower serum concentrations of cholesterol, HDL-c, and LDL-c. A significant proportion of the Mexican population has a high intake of Na (64–82%) and low K (58–73%). Strategies to reduce Na and increase K intake need to reduce the possibility of having high BP and serum lipid disturbances.

scholarly journals Prevalence of low serum zinc concentrations in Indian children and adolescents: findings from the Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey 2016–18

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghu Pullakhandam ◽  
Praween K Agrawal ◽  
Rajini Peter ◽  
Santu Ghosh ◽  
G Bhanuprakash Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Indian Children ◽  
National Nutrition Survey ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Low Serum

ABSTRACT Background It is thought that there is a high risk of zinc deficiency in India, but there are no representative national estimates. Objectives We aimed to evaluate the national and state-level prevalence of low serum zinc concentrations (SZCs) in Indian children from the nationally representative Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey. Methods Prevalence of low SZC, adjusted for C-reactive protein, was estimated among preschool (1–4 y; n = 7874) and school-age children (5–9 y; n = 10,430) and adolescents (10–19 y; n = 10,140), using SZC cutoffs defined by the International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group. Results Prevalence of low SZC was high among adolescents (31.1%; 95% CI: 29.8%, 32.4%), compared with school-age (15.8%; 95% CI: 15.3%, 16.3%) or preschool children (17.4%; 95% CI: 16.7%, 18.0%). However, stratification of prevalence by fasting status or using an alternative lower SZC cutoff independent of fasting status led to a reduction in prevalence by 3.7% or 7.8% in children <10 y, respectively. The prevalence of low SZC was higher among rural preschool children, those belonging to households with poor socioeconomic status, and those with severe stunting or underweight. Preschool children with diarrhea (22.6%; 95% CI: 20.8%, 24.4%), productive cough (22.7%; 95% CI: 18.5%, 27.5%), or malaria/dengue (38.5%; 95% CI: 29.4%, 48.2%) in the 2 wk preceding the survey had a higher prevalence of low SZC than those without morbidity (16.5%; 95% CI: 15.9%, 17.2%; 17.6%; 95% CI: 16.9%, 18.2%; and 17.5%; 95% CI: 16.8%, 18.1%, respectively). Conclusions The national prevalence of low SZC among preschool (17%) or school-age children (16%) was <20%, which is considered the cutoff indicating a problem of public health significance; but there were variations by state and socioeconomic status. In adolescents, however, the prevalence of low SZC was 31%, which warrants further investigation. The association of low SZC with diarrhea in preschool children necessitates better coverage of Zn administration in the management of diarrhea.

scholarly journals Association between Parent and Child Dietary Sodium and Potassium Intakes: Aomori Prefectural Health and Nutrition Survey, 2016

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1414
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Koyama ◽  
Nobuo Yoshiike
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Aomori Prefectural ◽  
Dietary Record ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

This study investigated the association between parent and child sodium and potassium intakes using data from the 2016 Aomori Prefectural Health and Nutrition Survey. We analyzed one day dietary record data of 103 mothers, 94 fathers, 51 children aged 1–3 years, 39 children aged 4–6 years, 91 children aged 7–14 years, and 56 children aged 15–19 years. We also examined the association of sodium and potassium intake between co-habiting grandparents and their grandchildren. After adjusting for covariates, the total daily sodium intake in mothers was positively associated with that in children for every age group. Potassium intakes by the mothers during breakfast and dinner were positively associated with those in children aged 1–3, 4–6, and 7–14 years. The associations in sodium and potassium intakes between fathers and children were weaker. In addition, these associations were similar to those between the sodium intakes of grandchildren and their grandparents. The association between mother and child sodium and potassium intakes at breakfast and dinner was related to the consumption of similar foods, which suggests the importance of home environment in influencing total dietary sodium and potassium intake in Japanese people.

scholarly journals Nutritional Profile of the Population in a Food-For-Work Project Area: A Case Study from Samburu District, Kenya

1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
A. A. Kielmann ◽  
N. S. Kielmann ◽  
A. A. J. Jansen ◽  
D. N. Njama ◽  
G. K. Maritim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Northern Kenya ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Work Programme

The nutrition status of Samburu tribesmen of northern Kenya and the potential nutritional effects of a food-for-work programme were assessed by anthropometric and dietary surveys over a period of five weeks. The investigations were carried out at four input localities, where the programme had provided a daily average of 173 kcal and 5 g protein per capita over the preceding year, and a fifth control area. Compared with Kenya as a whole, the Samburu community showed an unexpectedly high prevalence of wasting: 74% of the surveyed individuals were below 90% of the NCHS weight-for-height median, and 34% were below 80%. Relative wasting was especially prevalent among school-age children, of whom 86% were below 90% and 44% were below 80% of the standard, and among elders, with 88% and 64% below these thresholds respectively. Mid-upper arm circumferences were lowest among school-age children (mean 14.6 cm). Haematocrits were low in all age and social groups. Aside from three preschool children with xerophthalmia, a number of both preschool and school-age children had clinical histories suggestive of earlier vitamin A deficiency. Goitre was more prevalent among the older generations than among school-age or preschool children, suggesting a periodic but not uninterrupted availability of iodized salt. In the input locations, both anthropometric and haematocrit values among the most vulnerable members of the communities, preschool children and women of reproductive age, were significantly higher than those for comparable groups in the control location. Overall, the food-for-work programme was judged to be a worthwhile effort to help Samburus to be once again self-sufficient.

scholarly journals Dietary Sodium and Potassium Intake in Hungarian Elderly: Results from the Cross-Sectional Biomarker2019 Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8806
Author(s):  
Eszter Sarkadi-Nagy ◽  
Andrea Horváth ◽  
Anita Varga ◽  
Leonóra Zámbó ◽  
Andrea Török ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
World Health ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Urinary Potassium ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

High sodium intake and inadequate potassium intake are associated with high blood pressure. The elderly are more salt sensitive than other age groups, yet a reliable estimate of the dietary sodium and potassium intake of this age group in Hungary is unavailable. The study aimed to estimate the sodium and potassium intakes in the Hungarian elderly from 24 h urine sodium and potassium excretion. In this cross-sectional study, participants were selected from patients of general practitioners practicing in western Hungary. The participants comprised 99 men and 90 women (mean age 67.1 (SD 5.4] years) who participated in the Biomarker2019 survey and returned a complete 24 h urine collection. We assessed dietary sodium and potassium by determining 24 h urinary sodium and potassium excretions and 3-day dietary records. The mean urinary sodium was 188.8 (73.5) mmoL/day, which is equivalent to 11.0 g of salt/day; and the mean urinary potassium was 65.8 (24.3) mmoL/day, which is equivalent to 3.03 g of potassium/day, after adjusting for non-urinary potassium losses. Only 7% of the subjects met the World Health Organization’s recommended target of less than 5 g of salt/day, and 33% consumed at least the recommended potassium amount of 3.5 g/day, based on the estimates from 24 h urine excretion. For most elderly, sodium intake exceeds, and potassium does not reach, dietary recommendations. The results underline the need to intensify salt reduction efforts in Hungary.

scholarly journals Nutritional Status of School Age Children Attending OPD of Selected Hospitals

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (Number 2) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
K S Anwar ◽  
N Elham ◽  
P Karmakar ◽  
SA Hague
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Growth Monitoring ◽  
School Age ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Schoolage Children

School-age is the vital growing phase of a child. Primary school age is a progressive period of physical growth and mental development of the child. Health issues because of poor nutrition in elementary schoolage children are among the foremost common causes of a low level of school enrolment, high absenteeism, early dropout and unsatisfactory classroom performance. Growth monitoring is a global tool to evaluate nutritional status, health and development of individual children, and the overall nutritional status and health ofpopulations. To find out the nutritional status of schoolage children and to signify nutritional deficiencies, a cross-sectional study was undertaken among the 222 registered school age childrenat the OPD of two selected urban and rural hospitalof Bangladesh — Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College Hospital, Dhaka and Dhamrai Upaxilla Health Complex, Savar, Dhaka. The data was collected from the parents or attendant accompanying them by non-probability purposive sampling method through semi-structured questionnaire by face to face interview. The children between 5 to 15 years were recruitedaccording to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The age group of 8-10 years constituted the highest portion (31.5%) of the respondents. The mean ± SD age of the childrenwas 9.8 ± 7.27 years. Most of the childrenwere Muslims (94.6%). About 62% of them were boys and 38% were girls. Most of the children's mothers completed theirprimary education (37.4%). The percentage of the illiterate father was 17.12% Majority of the mothers were labourers (41.32%) and most of the fathers were farmers (31.08%). Most of the respondents had monthly family income Tk 10000-30000 (43%).44% had low birth weight and about 89% of them were vaccinated following a regular schedule The mean weight of childrenwas 22.63 ±4.65 kg and height were 120.92 ± 6.54cm. According to BM1 classification, there were 58% normal, 35% undernourished and 7 % obese/overweight. The health and nutrition status of children is one of the crucial elements in the assessment of the quality of life of the people To prevent nutritional problems and their consequences early diagnosis is necessary. So, it is important to raise awareness regarding the special nutritional needs of the school-age children and regularly monitor and assess the nutritional status of them.

scholarly journals Dietary Sodium and Potassium Intake: Data from the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2016

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Vargas-Meza ◽  
Manuel A. Cervantes-Armenta ◽  
Ismael Campos-Nonato ◽  
Claudia Nieto ◽  
Joaquín Alejandro Marrón-Ponce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
The Mean ◽  
24 Hour Recall ◽  
Low K ◽  
Fourth Quartile ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Sodium Consumption

Population studies have demonstrated an association between sodium (Na) and po-tassium (K) intake and levels of blood pressure (BP) and cholesterol. The aim of this study was to describe the dietary intake and distribution of Na and K in Mexicans, and their as-sociation with metabolic risk outcomes. We analyzed a national survey that included 4,219 participants. Dietary information was obtained through a 24-hour recall. Foods and beverages were classified based on the degree of processing. BP and biomarkers in blood and urine were measured. The mean intake (mg/d) of Na was 1512 in pre-schoolchildren, 2844 in schoolchildren, 3743 in adolescents, and 3132 in adults. The mean intake of K was 1616 in pre-schoolchildren, 2256 in schoolchildren, 2967 in adolescents, and 3401 in adults. Processed and ultra-processed foods (UPF) contribute to sodium intake: 49% in preschool and schoolchildren, 47% in adolescents, and 39% in adults. Adults in the fourth quartile of sodium intake had lower serum concentrations of cholesterol (181.4 mg/dL) and HDL-c (35.5 mg/dL). The Mexican population has high Na and low K intakes. There is a relationship between Na sodium consumption and cholesterol, and LDL levels. UPF contributes to almost 40% of the sodium consumed by Mexicans.

Daily dietary sodium and potassium intake in Belgium, using duplicate portion sampling

1999 ◽  
Vol 209 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudy Van Cauwenbergh ◽  
Peter Hendrix ◽  
H. J. Robberecht ◽  
Hendrik A. Deelstra
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Duplicate Portion Sampling ◽  
Duplicate Portion ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Response Patterns of Pre-School-Age Children to the Northwestern Syntax Screening Test

1976 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
George W. Larson ◽  
Patricia A. Summers
Keyword(s):  
Screening Test ◽  
Item Analysis ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Standardization Sample ◽  
The Mean

This study was undertaken to describe the response patterns of 216 boys and girls between the ages of five-and-one-half and six-and-one-half years of age on grammatically matched receptive and expressive items of the NSST. The results showed no significant differences among the mean scores for three age levels or between the two sexes. However, the obtained means were substantially below those obtained on the NSST standardization sample. Item analysis suggested several inconsistencies between the ages of five-and-one-half and six-and-one-half years of age on gramcorrect expressively but incorrect receptively.

scholarly journals Talker Discrimination by Prelingually Deaf Children with Cochlear Implants: Preliminary Results

2002 ◽  
Vol 111 (5_suppl) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miranda Cleary ◽  
David B. Pisoni
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Deaf Children ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Sentence Condition ◽  
Language Outcome ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hearing Children ◽  
Proportion Correct ◽  
Linguistic Content

Forty-four school-age children who had used a multichannel cochlear implant (CI) for at least 4 years were tested to assess their ability to discriminate differences between recorded pairs of female voices uttering sentences. Children were asked to respond “same voice” or “different voice” on each trial. Two conditions were examined. In one condition, the linguistic content of the sentence was always held constant and only the talker's voice varied from trial to trial. In another condition, the linguistic content of the utterance also varied so that to correctly respond “same voice,” the child needed to recognize that Two different sentences were spoken by the same talker. Data from normal-hearing children were used to establish that these tasks were well within the capabilities of children without hearing impairment. For the children with CIs, in the “fixed sentence condition” the mean proportion correct was 68%, which, although significantly different from the 50% score expected by chance, suggests that the children with CIs found this discrimination task rather difficult. In the “varied sentence condition,” however, the mean proportion correct was only 57%, indicating that the children were essentially unable to recognize an unfamiliar talker's voice when the linguistic content of the paired sentences differed. Correlations with other speech and language outcome measures are also reported.

Error Type and Lexical Frequency Effects: Error Detection in Swedish Children With Language Impairment

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 2924-2934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Eva Hallin ◽  
Christina Reuterskiöld
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Error Detection ◽  
Language Impairment ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
School Age ◽  
Lexical Frequency ◽  
Control Error ◽  
Frequency Effects

Purpose The first aim of this study was to investigate if Swedish-speaking school-age children with language impairment (LI) show specific morphosyntactic vulnerabilities in error detection. The second aim was to investigate the effects of lexical frequency on error detection, an overlooked aspect of previous error detection studies. Method Error sensitivity for grammatical structures vulnerable in Swedish-speaking preschool children with LI (omission of the indefinite article in a noun phrase with a neuter/common noun, and use of the infinitive instead of past-tense regular and irregular verbs) was compared to a control error (singular noun instead of plural). Target structures involved a high-frequency (HF) or a low-frequency (LF) noun/verb. Grammatical and ungrammatical sentences were presented in headphones, and responses were collected through button presses. Results Children with LI had similar sensitivity to the plural control error as peers with typical language development, but lower sensitivity to past-tense errors and noun phrase errors. All children showed lexical frequency effects for errors involving verbs (HF > LF), and noun gender effects for noun phrase errors (common > neuter). Conclusions School-age children with LI may have subtle difficulties with morphosyntactic processing that mirror expressive difficulties in preschool children with LI. Lexical frequency may affect morphosyntactic processing, which has clinical implications for assessment of grammatical knowledge.

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