Association between Parent and Child Dietary Sodium and Potassium Intakes: Aomori Prefectural Health and Nutrition Survey, 2016

This study investigated the association between parent and child sodium and potassium intakes using data from the 2016 Aomori Prefectural Health and Nutrition Survey. We analyzed one day dietary record data of 103 mothers, 94 fathers, 51 children aged 1–3 years, 39 children aged 4–6 years, 91 children aged 7–14 years, and 56 children aged 15–19 years. We also examined the association of sodium and potassium intake between co-habiting grandparents and their grandchildren. After adjusting for covariates, the total daily sodium intake in mothers was positively associated with that in children for every age group. Potassium intakes by the mothers during breakfast and dinner were positively associated with those in children aged 1–3, 4–6, and 7–14 years. The associations in sodium and potassium intakes between fathers and children were weaker. In addition, these associations were similar to those between the sodium intakes of grandchildren and their grandparents. The association between mother and child sodium and potassium intakes at breakfast and dinner was related to the consumption of similar foods, which suggests the importance of home environment in influencing total dietary sodium and potassium intake in Japanese people.

Post-chemotherapy PD-L1 expression correlates with clinical outcomes in Japanese bladder cancer patients treated with total cystectomy.

416 Background: Programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) is a key target molecule of immunotherapy that is frequently overexpressed in bladder cancer. In the present study, we examined whether PD-L1 expression is associated with clinical outcomes in bladder cancer patients. Methods: We enrolled 102 bladder cancer patients treated with cystectomy at the Aomori Prefectural Hospital between April 2004 and May 2014. We conducted an immunohistochemical examination of PD-L1 expression using the SP142 assay. PD-L1 expression was scored at three diagnostic levels (0/1/2). Results: Of the 102 patients, 82 were men (81.0%) and 20 were women (19.0%) (mean age 60 years, range 43-84 years). Sixty-six patients (64.8%) had previously undergone neoadjuvant chemotherapy [neoadjuvant (+) group]. During the mean observation period of 54.5 months, 42 patients had recurring disease (41.1%) and 34 died (33.3%). The 5-year cause-specific survival (CSS) rate was 66.6%; the 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate was 59.7%. In the neoadjuvant (+) group, the 5-year DFS rate was 65.0% for PD-L1 (-) patients and 31.7% for PD-L1 (+) patients (log-rank p = 0.006). In the neoadjuvant (+) groups, the 5-year CSS rate was 69.6% for PD-L1 (-) patients and 48.1% for PD-L1 (+) patients. Differences in CSS and DFS rates between PD-L1 (-) and PD-L1 (+) patients in both treatment groups were statistically significant (log-rank p = 0.006 and 0.039, respectively.) Conclusions: Despite the small study size, our data suggest that post-chemotherapy PD-L1 expression is associated with poor prognosis in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy who had previously undergone cystectomy.